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Avila Neto Roberto Costa,de Souza Pablo Mazzuco,Rubert Jaine,Seibt Tiago André,Thomasi Rosana Marzari,Melo Adriano Arrué,Alves Marcelo Plada,da Rosa Ulguim André 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2
Herbicides belonging to the chemical group imidazolinones and the quinclorac herbicide are important to control weeds in fooded rice. The objective of this research was to evaluate the interaction of imidazolinones with quinclorac to control Cyperus iria resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS). It was conducted two experiments in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. Colby’s methodology was used for experiment 1, through the application of quinclorac isolated and in mixture with herbicides imazethapyr, imazapyr e imazapic. The experiment 2, using dose–response curves, tested the herbicides quinclorac isolated and in diferent mixtures with the herbicide imazethapyr. For experiment 1, the expected and observed averages were compared. For experiment 2, the results were analyzed using the sigmoidal logistic model. Additive is the main interaction of mixtures of quinclorac with diferent herbicides from the chemical group of imidazolinones to control resistant C. iria. Mixing with imazethapyr at diferent proportions can cause an additive efect with quinclorac at higher doses.
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Ranasinghe, Dilhara,Lee, Eon S.,Zhu, Yifang,Frausto-Vicencio, Isis,Choi, Wonsik,Sun, Wu,Mara, Steve,Seibt, Ulrike,Paulson, Suzanne E. Elsevier BV 2019 Science of the Total Environment Vol.658 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pollutants in tailpipe emissions can be highly elevated around roadways, and in early mornings the pollution plume can extend hundreds of meters into surrounding neighborhoods. Solid sound walls and vegetation barriers are commonly used to mitigate noise, but they also help mitigate near-road air pollution. Here we assess the effectiveness of barriers consisting of vegetation only and of a combination of vegetation and a solid sound wall (combination barrier) in reducing pollution concentrations downwind of roads, under stable atmospheric stability and calm to light wind conditions. Because there was no practical (no barrier) control site in the area, we primarily compare the two barrier types to each other and explore the importance of atmospheric conditions. Using measurements collected with a mobile platform, we develop concentration decay profiles of ultrafine and fine particles, oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO<SUB>2</SUB>) and carbon monoxide downwind of a freeway in California with different barrier configurations and meteorological conditions. Diurnally averaged data collected with passive samplers indicate that pollution from morning rush hour has about equal impact as the entire remainder of the day, because of differences in atmospheric dispersion as the day progresses. Under calm and stable atmospheric conditions (wind speed <0.6 m/s); a vegetation-only barrier was more effective than a combination barrier with a total height that was somewhat lower than the vegetation-only barrier, by 10–24% in the first 160 m downwind. Under light winds (above ~ 0.6 but below 3 m/s) and stable conditions, the combination barrier was more effective than the vegetation barrier alone, by 6–33%, in the first 160 m from the barrier. The average particle size downwind of the vegetation-only barrier was larger than downwind of the combination barrier, indicating that particle deposition plays an important role in the reductions observed downwind of vegetation. Our results are consistent with the notion that at low wind speeds, vegetation acts as an effective barrier. Overall, adding vegetation alone or to an existing solid barrier results in lower downwind pollution concentrations, especially under low wind speeds when concentrations can be high.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Measurements were made around two barrier types under stable conditions. </LI> <LI> At higher wind speeds, the combination barrier was better than vegetation alone. </LI> <LI> Pollution reduction from vegetation was higher at low wind speeds. </LI> <LI> Deposition of particles onto even thin stands of trees is important. </LI> <LI> Pollution from a brief morning period equaled that from the remainder of the day. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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