Effects of substrate temperature on the performance of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cells fabricated by co-evaporation technique

정성훈(Jung, Sung-Hun),안세진(Ahn, Se-Jin),윤재호(Yun, Jae-Ho),곽지혜(Gwak, Ji-Hye),조아라(Cho, A-Ra),윤경훈(Yoon, Kyung-Hoon),김동환(Kim, Dong-Hwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

Despite the success of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) based PV technology now emerging in several industrial initiatives, concerns about the cost of In and Ga are often expressed. It is believed that the cost of those elements will eventually limit the cost reduction of this technology. One candidate to replace CIGS is Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe), fabricated by co-evaporation technique. Co-evaporation technique will be one of the best methods to control film composition. This type of absorber derives from the CuInSe² chalcopyrite structure by substituting half of the indium atoms with zinc and other half with tin. Energy bandgap of this material has been reported to range from 0.8eV for selenide to 1.5eV for the sulfide and large coefficient in the order of 10^{14}cm^{-1}, which means large possibility of commercial production of the most suitable absorber by using the CZTSe film. In this work, Effects of substrate temperature of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ absorber layer on the performance of thin films solar cells were investigated. We reported on some of the absorber properties and device results.

동시진공 증발법을 이용한 Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ 박막 태양전지의 제조와 기판온도가 광전압 특성에 미치는 영향

정성훈(Jung, Sung-Hun),안세진(Ahn, Se-Jin),윤재호(Yun, Jae-Ho),곽지혜(Gwak, Ji-Hye),김동환(Kim, Dong-Hwan),윤경훈(Yoon, Kyung-Hoon) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.06

Despite the success of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) based PV technology now emerging in several industrial initiatives, concerns about the cost of In and Ga are often expressed. It is believed that the cost of those elements will eventually limit the cost reduction of this technology. one candidate to replace CIGS is Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe), fabricated by co-evaporation technique. Effects of substrate temperature of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ absorber layer on the performance of thin films solar cells were investigated. As substrate temperature increased, the grain size of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ films increased presumably. At a optimal condition of substrate temperature is 320?C, the solar cell shows a conversion efficiency of 1.79% with V_{OC} of 0.213V, JSC of 16.91mA/cm² and FF of 49.7%.

문화정책 측면에서 본 예술교육 실태와 과제

김세훈 한국문화교육학회 2009 문화예술교육연구 Vol.4 No.2

그동안 예술교육에 대한 예술계 내, 외부의 자성적 성찰이 꾸준히 이루어져 왔다. 이러한 성찰의 핵심은 예술교육이 기술(technic)에 대한 교육에 편중되어 있다거나, 장르교육에 치우쳐 예술교육 본연의 목표에 소홀히 하는 경향들이 나타난다는 데에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 이 글은 공교육과 사교육 영역에서 나타나는 예술교육의 특성들을 살펴보고, 고등교육 분야에서 이루어지는 예술교육에 대한 비교분석을 통하여 우리사회의 예술교육이 실기 중심으로 이루어지고 있음을 밝히고 있다. 이러한 분석을 기초로 인문학적 소양교육 취약과 실기 중심의 교과과정이 공교육 영역이나 사교육 영역에서 예술교육이 제대로 이루어지지 못하는 이유 가운데 하나로 작용한다는 것을 지적하고, 향후 예술교육 영역에서는 인문학적 기초를 강화할 수 있는 노력이 더욱 강화될 필요가 있음을 제시하였다. Critical evaluation on arts education has been made in and outside of arts education world. This evaluation proposes some issues on the education's 'technique and individual genre'-oriented tendencies, not focusing on artistic value and arts education as a whole. This paper explores the characteristics of arts education in public and private areas in Korea, and conducts comparative analysis on educational curriculum in high-level education system such as universities and professional arts education institutions. On the basis of the analysis, it points out 'practice and/or technique- oriented' educational characteristic or arts education and weaknesses of its cultural background. As a consequence, it suggests that arts education should be complemented with those curriculum which underline artistic value and the humanities.

관리합리성 관점에서 본 문화예술교육 과제

김세훈 한국문화교육학회 2012 문화예술교육연구 Vol.7 No.1

이 논문은 사회이론적 관점에서 문화예술교육을 살펴보고 그 현실태와 문제들이 이러한 관점에서 어떻게 분석될 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 하는 목적을 가지고 쓰여졌다. 이를 위해 푸코의 관리합리성과 하버마스의 문화적 공공영역 논의를 빌려오면서, 문화예술교육이 우리사회의 관리합리성을 보여주는 대표적 사례이며, 현실적으로 미흡하지만적어도 기획이나 구상에 있어서는 문화적 공공영역으로서의 성격을 강하게 내포하고 있다고 제시하였다. 이러한 인식에 기반하여 이 논문에서는 현재 문화예술교육을 둘러싸고 제기되고 있는 문제들이 외형적으로는 문화예술교육의 실행이나 제공상에서 나타나는 문제점들과 관련된 것처럼 보이지만, 심층적으로는 문화예술교육이 주목하고 있는 행위자 개인에 대한 관리기술(art of government) 미흡과 문화적 공공영역으로서의 자기인식 부족에서부터 비롯된다고 지적하였다. 사회이론적 기반에 대한 이러한 검토가 문화예술교육 전반을 설명해주는 것은 아니지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 사회적 차원에서의 문화예술교육에 대한 실천적 관심에 주목하고 이를 성취하기 위한 방안을 모색하는데는 도움이 될 수 있다고 제시하였다. For the last 10 years, the culture & arts education has been rapidly extended in Korea. The issues relating to it have been generally dealt with in the artistic views. This paper tries to explore culture & arts education from the perspective of social theory and to suggest its social meaning based on the 'practical interest'(praktische Interesse). For the purpose, it introduces the notions of 'governmental rationality' by Foucault and 'cultural public sphere' by Habermas. As a collective mentality, the governmental rationality focuses on individuals as an object whose capabilities should be strengthened. Regarding this concern, it develops various tactics, methods and techniques which aim to shape and guide their wishes, attitudes and activities. Cultural public sphere functions as a place for private individuals to transform into the public. The notions provide meaningful tools for the examination on the culture & arts education. The education represents governmental rationality in Korea society, which tries to achieve social changes by affecting individuals' thoughts, attitudes and activities. It also concerns the public who has self-control ability to contribute for the changes. From the point of view, the culture & arts education is not only artistic practice but also social practice. Therefore, many issues around the education, it argues, should be re-explored from the social-theoretical perspective and suggestions for it should be conceived relating to the governmental rationalty.

Thiopental이 백서 자궁 평활근의 수축에 미치는 영향

안태훈,이세정,송창훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Background and Objectives: Thiopental has been used as an intravenous induction agent for cesarean section. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiopental on the isolated rat uterine smooth muscle. Materials and Methods: Uterine smooth muscle tissues were obtained from non-pregnant rats(n=20). The muscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and the isometric tension was recorded. After spontaneous uterine activity had been accomplished, thiopental in various concentrations was applied cummulatively to the bath and the effects were continuously monitored. Results: Thiopental induced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous myometrial contractile activity, Complete muscular relaxation on the spontaneous uterine contractility was obtained at in a dose of 10_(-3)M of thiopental. Conclusions: The spontaneous contractile activity of the uterine smooth muscle is inhibited by thiopental.

비강 및 부비동에 발생한 반전성 유두종의 임상-병리조직학적 고찰

노용훈,이승학,전세영,김용기,나한조,최봉남,서재홍 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

人工湖를 利用한 淡水魚類(Blugill sunfish-Lepomis macrochirus macrochirus Rafiusesque)의 養殖에 關한 硏究

孫賢秀,曺鍾澤,韓熙世,裵泰雄 東亞大學校 1972 東亞論叢 Vol.9 No.-

本試驗은 九德貯水池의 環境要因 調査와 Blue gill sunfish의 粗放的 養殖試驗과 新農藥이 淡水魚類에 미치는 영향등을 調査하였던 바 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 試驗Ⅰ. 九德 貯水池의 環境要因 調査 1. 營養鹽과 水溫, pH, 透明度 等을 調査하여 試驗池의 生産力에 對하여 究明하였다. 2. 調査期間동안 水溫은 13.0℃∼27.0℃ 였으며 透明度는 40cm∼130cm, pH는 6.8∼8.0 溶存酸素 5.4cc/l∼7.9cc/l를 나타냈다. 3. 營養鹽에 있어서는 全窒素量과 全憐酸鹽은 plankton 生産에 充分한 量이 溶存되어 있으며 腐食性 營養湖에 해당되었다. 특히 규산염은 댜른 湖沼에 比해 대단히 높은 量的分布를 보였다. 4. phyto plankton은 17種이 出現하였으며 Ulthrix, Fragilaria, Desmipseud, Pediastrum 等이 量的 우세를 보였다. 5. Zooplankton은 Crustacea 幼生을 除外하고 15種이 出現하였으며, Cyclops Branchionus, Daphnia Eudiaptomus 等이 우세하였다. 試驗Ⅱ Blue gill sunfish의 粗放的 養殖試驗 1. Blue gill sunfish의 調査期間동안 增重量은 平均 7.64g 이었으며 잉어는 18.8g의 增重量을 나타냈다. 2. Blue gill의全長 및 體高의 比는 1 : 2.6∼2.8로써 餌料를 준 試料를 준 試驗과의 差異는 없었다. 3. 粗放的 養殖試驗의 結果 Blue gill sunfish는 二年魚가 飼育試驗한 1年魚의 約1/2에 가까운 增重量을나타내어 天然餌料만으로 飼育試驗으로는 좋은 結果를 보였다. 試驗Ⅲ 毒性調査 1. Blue gill sunfish와 잉어 稚魚에 대한 新農藥의 영향을 조사하여, 供試魚種間이 感受性의 差異에 대하여 比較檢討하였다. 2. Blue gill sunfish가 잉어에 비하여 感受性이 높은 農藥은 Diazinon乳劑, Birlane乳劑, Saturn-S粒劑등이 였고. 3. 잉어가 Blue gill sunifish보다 높은 感受性을 나타낸 것은 Kasugamin乳劑, Blasticidine-S乳劑, Sevin 水和劑, Kitazin乳劑, Lasso乳劑등이였다. 4. Blue gill sunfish의 養殖上 극히 注意를 要하는 毒性이 강한 農藥과 48時間後의 TLm値를 보면 Diazinon乳劑…0.08ppm, EPN乳劑-0.9ppm, Birlane乳劑…0.005ppm, Saturn-S粒劑…0.5ppm였다. The following are some results obtained from a series of research environmental factors and experiments in Blue gill sunfish culture, and effect of the new agricultural pesticides on fresh water fishes. Experiment Ⅰ. Research of environmental factors in Ku Dork Reservoir The work has been done as one of the basic study to productivity of Ku Doek Reservoir in Busan. The range of the water temperature was 13.0℃∼27.0℃ and maximum temperature was shown in late August. The values of the disolved oxygen were 5.4cc/l∼7.9cc/l and pH range was 6.8∼8.0, and the range of transparency was 40cm∼130cm. Total amounts of nitrogen ion and phosphorus ion were very abundant, moreover Sio?-Si amounts was higher concentration than other reservoirs. Phytoplankton was observed 17 species and dominant species were Ulthrix, Fragilaria, Desmipseud and Pediastrum. Zooplankton was observed 15 species except Crustacea larva and dominant species were Cyclops, Branchionus, Daphnia and Eudiaptomus. Total numbers of the phytoplankton and zooplankton were proportional to temperature. Experiment Ⅱ. Realing Blue gill sunfish. The work wa conducted by rearling Blue gill sunfish and Carp in Ku Doek Reservoir. Bluegill sunfishes body weight were increased 7.64g per one individual number and Carps were increased 18.8g during experiment period. A ratio relatived to total length(cm) and body depth(cm) were 1 : 2.6∼2.8 in this culture and no differnce was convinced between this culture and artifical culture. Experiment Ⅲ. Effect of the new agricultural pesticides on fresh water fish TLm velues of the new agricultural pesticides on Bluegill sun fish and Carp was investigated. Blue gill sunfish was more sensitive than Carp in Diazinon(E.C), Birlane(E.C), Saturn-S(G). Carp was more sensitive than Blue gill sunfish in Kasugamin(E.C), Blasticidin-s (E.C), Sevin(W.P), Kitazin(E.C), Lasso(E.C). Higher toxic pesticides on Blue gill sunfish were Diazinon(E.C), E.P.N(E.C), Birlane(E.C), Saturn-S(G), TLm values(after 48 hours) of these pesticides on Bluegill sunfish was as follows; Diazinon……0.8ppm, E.P.N……0.9ppm Birlane……0.005ppm, Saturm-S……0.5ppm.

한국과 스웨덴의 여성의원의 실태와 확대방안 : 국회의원과 지방의회의원을 중심으로 national assembly members and provincial members

하세헌,윤이화 慶北大學敎 社會科學大學 2005 社會科學 Vol.17 No.-

이 논문은 한국과 스웨덴의 여성 국회의원과 여성 지방의회 의원이 실태를 분석하고 여성의원의 비율이 낮은 한국의 여성의원의 참여 비율을 높이는 방안이 무엇인지 연구하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 스웨덴은 노동에서의 남녀평등, 가족사회에서의 남녀평등, 모성보호정책, 보육정책이 잘 되어 있기 때문에 사회문화적으로 여성이 정치에 많이 참여하는데 유리한 환경이었다. 또한 대선거구 정당명부식 비례대표제, 정당의 여성할당공천제, 선호투표제도 등 제도적으로 여성의원이 많이 당선될 수 있도록 되어 있다. 한국에서는 남녀 성차별, 남존여비사상, 정치는 남성의 영역, 여성은 가사에만 전념해야 한다는 고정관념에서 비롯된 사회문화적인 제약요인과 여성의원 할당제가 오랫동안 없었고 1등만이 당선되는 소선거구제 때문에 여성의원의 비율이 낮을 수밖에 없었다. 우리나라에서 여성의원의 확대 방안으로서는 노동과 가정에서의 여성의 평등성 확보, 의석과 정당 공천에서의 여성할당제, 대선거구 비례대표제, 여성 후보에게 가산점 제도 등을 도입, 확대함으로써 여성의원의 진출을 확대할 수 있을 것이다. This paper is aimed to analysis the Korean and the Swedish female national assembly members and provincial members' participation and to study how to improve the pretty lowed participation rate of Korean female members. It was turned that in Sweden the female members would take participation on political social and cultural activity because of male and female equality in labor and family society as well as well organised motherhood protection and child care policy. Also, female members can be more elected than male ones owing to the political party nomination list proportional representation of a major constituency, the system of public recommendation for female candidates, the system of the preferred vote. In Korea, the biases, such as male and female discrimination, male honored society, the male only political activity, keep the female members fewer ratio than the male ones while females would act only at home. This restriction enforced females into social limitation on passive work and it prevented from practising the system of public recommendation for female candidates, but rather producing fewer female members by the system of minor constituency, winning the first one. In Korea, for the solution of the expanding female members, there are female and male equality at not only home but also labor society, the seat and recommendation numbers for female members, the proportional representation of a major constituency, the advantage points for female candidate.

도시지역 지하수 오염취약성 평가방법의 적용성 연구

함세영,김무진,강래수,정재열,차용훈,장성 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 環境硏究報 Vol.21 No.-

According to favorable water quality, groundwater is used as subsitutive water resources for surfare water. However, groundwater is contaminated more and more due to industrialization and population increase. This study assesses groundwater vulnerability to contaminants in 12 dongs (administrative districe) of Changwon city using with DRASTIC. DRASTIC was originally applied to the situations that contamination sources are on ground surface, and contaminants flow into groundwater with infiltration of rainfall. In addition to DRASTIC factors, groundwater contamination in urban area is also related with overpumping and with lowering of water level. Correlation coefficient between mumimum values of DRASTIC index and unfitness rate to drinking water quality for 10 dongs is low as 0.40. On the contrary, the correlation coefficient between minimum values of DRASTIC index and groundwater discharge rate and that between minimum values of DRASTIC index and well distribution density are 0.70 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination in urban areas, it is necessary to consider other factors such as groundwater abstraction rate and well density per unit area with ratings and weights as well as existing six DRASTIC factors.

한국인의 공동체의식과 식문화에 대한 소고(小考)

오세영,이헌 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

This study examined dietary culture in Korea regarding collectivism through literature review. Based on the evidence from the origin of lineage and traditional customs, the Koreans' traditional collectivity appeared to have been grounded upon the northen nomadic culture emphasizing sentimental collectivity and harmonized with the characteristics of southern agrarian society related to mutual support and sociability. The inseparable relationship between collectivity and food was well revealed in the occasions such as rice-planting, kimchi and jang makings in which pooled labor was common as well as the gathering of mutual aid association. In these occasions, foods were offered and shared among members. Food sharing was a main activity and almost play a central role regarding the promotion of friendly relations among each other. In sacrificial memorials, food sharing was extended not only to the live persons but also to the passing spirits. Collectivity was also disclosed in the eating or table manners of Koreans. Koreans quite literally share food at every meal since the side dishes placed centrally on the table. The taste of Korean foods is completed inside the mouth by mixing foods with various combination, which let people create their own choice of taste. Therefore, the collectivity manners at the table appeared to be harmonized with individual freedom of creating his/ her own taste of foods. The collectivity is still a very important concept in modem Korean dietary culture, as reflected by an increase of restaurants served shared dishes.