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- 저자 : Schon, Lew C. (검색결과 4 건)
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손승길 ( Seung Kil Schon ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2008 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.42
칸트는 그의 미학 이론을 크게 미감적 판단력의 분석론과 미감적 판단력의 변증론으로 나누고 있다. 분석론에서는 첫째, 취미 판단이란 어떤 것인가를 밝힌다. 이를 위하여 취미 판단의 네 가지 계기로서의 특수성, 즉 성질, 분량, 관계, 양상의 측면에서 취미 판단을 분석하고 있다. 둘째, 숭고라는 것은 `무조건적으로 큰 것`인데, 이것이 우리에게 미적 쾌감을 불러 일으켰을 때 숭고의 미인 것이다. 그러므로 숭고는 전체성이면서 무한정의 대상과의 관계이다. 칸트는 숭고를 수학적 숭고와 역학적 숭고로 구분한다. 셋째, 미의 분석은 연역을 필요로 한다. 왜냐하면 미감적 판단은 어떻게 필연성과 보편성을 요구할 수 있는가 하는 것이 밝혀져야 하기 때문이다. 그리고 변증론에서는 첫째, 취미 판단은 이율배반에 빠진다. 그것의 해소는 `인간성의 초감성적 기체라고 간주될 수 있는 개념`으로 봄으로써 해결한다. 둘째, 도덕성의 상징으로서의 미를 말한다. 즉 자연과 자유가 미에 있어서 결합되고, 그럼으로써 도덕성과 미학이 관련을 맺는다. 셋째, 칸트는 예술을 언어예술, 조형예술, 그리고 감각적 유동의 예술로 분류하고, 서로가 결합될 수 있다고 본다. Kant`s Schonheitstheorie besteht im grossen aus zwei Kategorien namlich der Analytik der Asthetischen Urteilskraft und der Dialektik der Asthetischen Urteilskraft. In der Analytik erklart sich erstens vor allem, was fur ein Geschmacksurteil ist. Dafur kann ein Spezielles als ein Moment des Geschmacksurteils aus vier kleinen Kategorien d.h. Qualitat, Quantitat, Relation, Modalitat analysiert werden. Zweitens heisst das Erhabene unkonditioniert irgendein Grosses, wenn das ein Asthetischen Schonheitssinn verursacht, dann ist das ein erhabener Schonheitssinn. Deshalb ist das Erhabene ein Ganzheit und ein Relation des unbestimmten Gegenstandes. Kant differenziert auch das Erhabene zwei kleinen Kategorien, namlich ein mathematisches Erhabenes und ein dynamisches Erhabenes. Drittens gebraucht die Analytik der Schonheits eine Deduktion, und sie muss auch erklart werden, denn wozu erfordert das Asthetische Urteil ein Notwendigkeit und Allgemeingultigkeit. Und an der Dialektik muss ein Geschmacksurteil in eine Antinomie geraten. Es muss aus drei Stufen beantwortet werden. Erstens muss dies ein Begriff als ein System des Uberhumanischen gelostet werden. Zweitens ist die Schonheit als ein Symbol der Moralitat geredet. d.h. Natur und Freiheit verknupft sich in der Schonheit, Dadurch wird sich die Moralitat die Schonheit verknupfen. Drittens differenziert Kant die drei aufgeteilte Kunst namlich eine redende Kunst, eine Bildende, und eine Kunst des schonen Spiels der Empfindungen.
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족근 중족 관절의 특발성 골관절염에 대한 수술적 치료 및 임상적 결과에 대한 분석
Jung, Hong-Geun,Byun, Woo-Sup,Myerson, Mark S.,Schon, Lew C. 대한족부족관절학회 2004 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.8 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the subtypes of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints based on accompanying hindfoot, midfoot, or foot deformities and their corresponding surgical options and also to evaluate the overall clinical results. Materials and Methods: The study included 59 patients (67 feet) with idiopathic tarsometatarsal joint osteoarthritis. Tarsometatarsal fusion was performed for tarsometatarsal joint and accompanied secondary change was divided into subtypes and various bony reconstruction was carried out. The patients were evaluated with the AOFAS midfoot score and FFI. The average patient age was 60.2 years with 40.6 months follow-up. Fifty-four feet (80.6%) had been treated with realignment fusion. Twenty-six feet had first and second tarsometatarsal joint fusion, and 20 feet had first tarsometatarsal fusion only. Six subtypes were identified based on associated foot deformities: 1) in-situ without deformities (18%), 2) pes planovalgus (45%), 3) rockerbottom (15%), 4) cavus foot (1%), 5) hallux valgus (12%), and 6) hallux valgus with pes planovalgus or rockerbottom (9%). Plantar-medial closing-wedge resection was used in 10 feet to correct rockerbottom. For pes planovalgus, a medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done. Lateral column lengthening with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done for severe pes planovalgus, and triple arthrodesis was done for rigid pes planovalgus. Hallux valgus was corrected with the Lapidus procedure (85.7%). Results: AOFAS midfoot scores improved from preoperative 34.1 points to postoperative 83.9 points (p<0.05). The Foot Function Index postoperatively also showed significant improvement (p<0.05), with a high satisfaction rate (86.6%). There were 29 complications, most commonly sesamoid pain. Conclusion: Idiopathic tarsometatarsal OA feet can be classified into six categories. Pes planovalgus feet should be treated with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy, lateral column lengthening, or triple arthrodesis in addition to tarsometatarsal joint realignment fusion. Rockerbottom and hallux valgus deformities should also be addressed.
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J. Leonard Goldner Award 2008: Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Cultured Tenocytes
Han, Seung Hwan,Lee, Jin Woo,Guyton, Gregory P.,Parks, Brent G.,Courneya, Jean-Paul,Schon, Lew C. SAGE Publications 2009 Foot & ankle international Vol.30 No.2
<P>BACKGROUND: Little has been reported about the biologic effect of shock waves on human normal or pathologic tendon tissue. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine and MMP production would be down-regulated by shock wave stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diseased Achilles tendon tissue and healthy flexor hallucis longus tissue were used. Shock wave treatment was applied to cultured cells at 0.17 mJ/mm(2)energy 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 times. RESULTS: A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was noted in cells receiving 1000 and 2000 shocks (86.0 +/- 5.6%, p = 0.01 and 72.4 +/- 8.9%, p = 0.001) as compared with the normal control. Cell count in the 500-shock group increased by 23.4% as compared with the control (p = 0.05). The concentration of MMP 1, 2, and 13 was higher in diseased tenocytes as compared with normal cells (p = 0.04, all comparisons). IL-6 levels were higher in the diseased tenocytes as compared with normal tenocytes (44.10 +/- 16.72 versus 0.21 +/- 0.55 ng/ml, (p < 0.05). IL-1 levels in normal cells increased (2.24 +/- 5.02 ng/ml to 9.31 +/- 6.85 ng/ml) after shock wave treatment (p = 0.04). In diseased tenocytes, levels of MMP-1 (1.12 +/- 0.23 to 0.75 +/- 0.24 ng/ml; p = 0.04) and MMP-13 (1.43 +/- 0.11 to 0.80 +/- 0.15 ng/ml; p = 0.04) were significantly decreased after shock wave treatment. The IL-6 level in diseased tenocytes was decreased (44.10 +/- 16.72 to 14.66 +/- 9.49 ng/ml) after shock wave treatment (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Higher levels of MMPs and ILs were found in human tendinopathy-affected tenocytes as compared with normal cells. ESWT decreased the expression of several MMPs and ILs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This mechanism may play an important role in shock wave treatment of tendinopathy clinically.</P>
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Choi, Woo Jin,Park, Min Sung,Park, Kwang Hwan,Courneya, Jean-Paul,Cho, Jin Sun,Schon, Lew C.,Lee, Jin Woo SAGE Publications 2014 Foot & ankle international Vol.35 No.10
<P>Tendinopathy is a clinical problem for which treatment shows mixed results and treatment options are limited. Gene expression signatures early in the mechanotransduction pathway can accurately predict risk and correlate with different clinical outcomes. Studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of tendinopathy have focused on small cohorts of genes that show an incomplete picture of the degeneration process. This study compared the effect of cyclic strain on gene expression in tendon cells from normal tendon and chronically painful areas of tendinopathy in 3 patients.</P>
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