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Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals in Aligned Films for Applications as Polarizing Coatings
Schneider, Tod,Golovin, Andrii,Lee, Jong-Chan,Lavrentovich, Oleg D. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2004 Journal of information display Vol.5 No.2
We describe dried oriented films with anisotropic structural and optical properties prepared from the aqueous solutions of plank-like molecules, the so-called Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals (LCLCs). The dried LCLC films may be used as optical elements, such as polarizers, compensators, color filters, or retardation plates in the UV, visible, or infrared parts of spectrums. The optical quality of the films is determined by the uniformity of the molecular alignment, which often distorted by periodic variations of the director field. We describe different ways to improve the alignment properties of the films by using additives. We present compositions capable of polarizing effects in visible and UV parts of spectrum.
Schneider, Craig W.,Freshwater, D. Wilson,Saunders, Gary W. The Korean Society of Phycology 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.2
Using genetic sequencing (COI-5P, LSU, $rbc$L) to elucidate their phylogenetic positions and then morphological characters to distinguish each from existing species, three procumbent species, including two novel species, from warm temperate Northern Hemisphere waters are added to the recently resurrected genus $Halopeltis$ J. Agardh: $H.$ $adnata$ (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, $H.$ $pellucida$ sp. nov. from Bermuda and $H.$ $willisii$ sp. nov. from North Carolina, USA. Prior to these reports, the genus was confined to the Southern Hemisphere and tropical equatorial waters of the Northern Hemisphere although the latter records lack molecular confirmation. These three additional species join the six known species presently residing in $Halopeltis$.
Schneider, Thomas,Schellenberg, Maja,Meyer, Stefan,Keller, Felix,Gehrig, Peter,Riedel, Kathrin,Lee, Youngsook,Eberl, Leo,Martinoia, Enrico WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.10
<P>Although the vacuole is the most important final store for toxic heavy metals like cadmium (Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>), our knowledge on how they are transported into the vacuole is still insufficient. It has been suggested that Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> can be transported as phytochelatin-Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> by an unknown ABC transporter or in exchange with protons by cation/proton exchanger (CAX) transporters. To unravel the contribution of vacuolar transporters to Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> detoxification, a quantitative proteomics approach was performed. Highly purified vacuoles were isolated from barley plants grown under minus, low (20 μM), and high (200 μM) Cd<SUP>2+ </SUP>conditions and protein levels of the obtained tonoplast samples were analyzed using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ™). Although 56 vacuolar transporter proteins were identified, only a few were differentially expressed. Under low-Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> conditions, an inorganic pyrophosphatase and a γ-tonoplast intrinsic protein (γ-TIP) were up-regulated, indicating changes in energization and water fluxes. In addition, the protein ratio of a CAX1a and a natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), responsible for vacuolar Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> export was increased. CAX1a might play a role in vacuolar Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> transport. An increase in NRAMP activity leads to a higher cytosolic Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration, which may prevent the exchange of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> by toxic Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. Additionally, an ABC transporter homolog to AtMRP3 showed up-regulation. Under high Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> conditions, the plant response was more specific. Only a protein homologous to AtMRP3 that showed already a response under low Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> conditions, was up-regulated. Interestingly, AtMRP3 is able to partially rescue a Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>-sensitive yeast mutant. The identified transporters are good candidates for further investigation of their roles in Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> detoxification.</P>
Schneider Andrew M.,Schmitt Daniel R.,Brown Nicholas M. 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
While multiple studies have demonstrated a lower venous thromboembolism disease (VTED) risk for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) compared to primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), recent reports have shown that revision TKA also had a lower VTED risk compared to primary TKA, an unexpected finding because of its theoretical increased risk. Given the paucity of up-to-date comparative studies, our goal was to perform a high-powered VTED risk comparison study of UKA and revision TKA to primary TKA using recent data.The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried between 2011 and 2018, and we identified 213,234 patients for inclusion: 191,810 primary TKA, 9294 UKA, and 12,130 revision TKA. Demographics, medical comorbidities, and possible VTE risk factors were collected. Thirty-day outcomes, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and all-cause VTED were compared between knee arthroplasty types. On multivariate analysis, UKA was significantly associated with lower rates of DVT [OR 0.44 (0.31–0.61); P < 0.001], PE [OR 0.42 (0.28–0.65); P < 0.001], and all-cause VTED [OR 0.42 (0.32–0.55); P < 0.001] when compared to primary TKA. Revision TKA was significantly associated with lower rates of PE [OR 0.62 (0.47–0.83); P = 0.002], and all-cause VTED [OR 0.82 (0.70–0.98); P = 0.029] when compared to primary TKA. Utilizing recent data from a nationwide patient cohort and controlling for confounding variables, our results showed that both revision TKA and UKA had a lower risk of VTED compared to primary TKA, corroborating the results of recent investigations. Additional prospective investigations are needed to explain this unexpected result.
Schneider L.C.R.,Martin C.L.,Bultel Y.,Kapelski G.,Bouvard D. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology uses powder processes to produce electrodes with residual porosity by partially sintering a mixture of electronically and ionically conducting particles. We model porous fuel cell electrodes with 3D packings of monosized spherical particles. These packings are created by numerical sintering. Each particle-particle contact is characteristic for an ionic, electronic or electrochemical resistance. The numerical packing is then discretized into a resistor network which is solved by using Kirchhoff's current law to evaluate the electrode's electrochemical performance. We investigate in particular percolation effects in functionally graded electrodes as compared to other types of electrodes.