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Kim, Chun-Ja,Schlenk, Elizabeth A.,Ahn, Jeong-Ah,Kim, Moonsun,Park, Eunyoung,Park, JeeWon SAGE Publications 2016 The Diabetes educator Vol.42 No.5
<P>Purpose The purpose of this study was to present a systematic review of available published studies that evaluated the measurement properties of self-reported instruments assessing global medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in January 2015 for appropriate studies. The methodological quality (based on reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability) of selected studies was assessed with the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). Results Of the 44 studies reviewed, 32 used classical test theory, and 14 used self-reported medication adherence instruments. More than half the studies included patients with hypertension, followed by diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased body mass index. Among the measurement properties, internal consistency, hypothesis testing, and structural validity were frequently assessed items, whereas only 1 study evaluated responsiveness, and none evaluated measurement error. The MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 items) and the Hill-Bone scale were the most frequently used instruments. They were found to be well validated, with strong evidence for internal consistency and strong positive evidence for reliability, structural validity, hypothesis testing, and criterion validity. Conclusions The MMAS-8 and Hill-Bone scale seem to be well-validated instruments for assessing medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. These findings may assist clinicians with selecting the appropriate instruments for assessing medication adherence in this population. However, further studies might be needed to define concepts to better understand the dimensions of each medication adherence instrument.</P>
Factors Affecting Perceived Stress-Cortisol Responses in Young Adults
서신애,김춘자,강희선,Schlenk, Elizabeth A. 대한임상건강증진학회 2024 Korean Journal of Health Promotion Vol.24 No.1
Background: This study examined the distribution of stress-cortisol responses and risk factors affecting perceived stress and cortisol responses among 187 university students in South Korea.Methods: Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and health-promoting lifestyle were assessed using structured questionnaires. Blood analyses and anthropometrics were used to determine cortisol and cardiometabolic risks. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors affecting stress-cortisol responses.Results: Four groups of stress-cortisol responses were found, including normal (39.0%), high stress (34.8%), high stress-cortisol (13.9%), and high cortisol group (12.3%). Age, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, depressive symptoms, and physical activity were associated with stress-cortisol responses.Conclusions: Multidimensional interventions are needed to reduce stress levels and promote normal stress-cortisol responses.
Potential estrogenicity of sediment in Youngsan River
Cuong N. Duong,Byoung Cheun Lee,Daniel Schlenk,Sang Don Kim 대한환경공학회 2007 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.12
Estrogenicity of sediments at different sites of Youngsan River, including upstream and downstream sites of Gwangju waste water treatment plant (GWWTP), were measured in two years of 2006 and 2007. In order to estimate the endocrine-disrupting effect, we measured the concentration of Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglyco protein precursor of egg yolk protein has been determined as a biomarker of estrogenic effects in various fish species. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is used to evaluate the estrogenic effects of sediment samples in Youngsan River. After 7 days exposure, the fish`s liver was dissected and homogenized. After centrifugation, supernatants were taken and preserved at -75 Celsius degree until next experiment. Vtg was measure by ELISA assay kit (from Biosense Laboratories, Norway). The initial results showed significant increasing trends of Vtg concentration in fish exposed to sediment samples at all sites. This study suggested a further research for more understanding of EDCs` fate and mechanisms in Youngsan River.
Yi, X.,Kim, E.,Jo, H.-J.,Schlenk, D.,Jung, J. Academic Press 2009 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.72 No.7
In this study, toxicity of effluents in a wastewater treatment plant and of receiving water in an adjacent stream was periodically monitored from November 2007 to June 2008, in order to trace and reduce sources of toxicants. The results showed that toxicity of final effluent (FE) changed greatly over different sampling events, and appeared to have impacts on toxicity of downstream water with a significant correlation (r<SUP>2</SUP>=0.87, p<0.05). In particular, FE toxicity was always higher than that of secondary effluent (SE). Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for the FE sample collected in March 2008 showed that FE toxicity was attributed to low quality of Fenton reagent with Zn contamination used for SE treatment. Furthermore, Zn concentrations in FE samples significantly correlated with FE toxicity during the sampling period (r<SUP>2</SUP>=0.95, p<0.05). After changing the Fenton reagent to one containing low Zn, Zn concentration and toxicity of FE greatly decreased in the following months.
The nELBE Neutron Time of Flight Facility
A. R. Junghans,E. Altstadt,R. Beyer,E. Birgersson,T. Cowan,A. Ferrari,R. Hannaske,A. Matic,K. D. Schilling,R. Schlenk,S. Schneider,R. Schwengner,A. Wagner,F. -P. Weiss,D. Gehre,E. Grosse 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
At the superconducting electron linear accelerator ELBE at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf the neutron time-of-flight facility nELBE has become operational. Fast neutrons in the energy range from 200 keV to 10 MeV are produced by the pulsed electron beam from ELBE impinging on a liquid lead circuit as a radiator. The short beam pulses of 10 ps provide the basis for an excellent time resolution for neutron time-of-flight experiments, giving an energy resolution of about <1% at 1 MeV with a short flight path of 5 m. The neutron intensity on target is ∼4·10^4 n/(cm^2 s) using an electron bunch charge of 77 pC and 100 kHz pulse repetition rate. The energy range of the neutrons produced is well suited for neutron cross section measurements relevant for the development of Generation IV reactor systems and for the transmutation of nuclear waste. First measurements of inelastic neutron scattering cross sections have been performed and will be presented.