EFFECT OF TOP END CONDITION OF FUEL BED CONTAINER ON DOWNWARD SMOLDER SPREAD

Sato,Kenji,Sakai,Yasuhiro 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

An experimental study was performed of natural-convection downward smolder spread across a sawdust bed peripherally enclosed with an insulating container, to examine the effect of the open- ing condition at the top end on downward smolder spread. Experiments were conducted by using relatively coarse sawdust and 25-cm-long cylindrical container The variations of temperature profiles along the bed axis with time were determined far different opening conditions and were com-pared with those in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. It was shown that the smolder zone initiated from open top toward closed bottom penetrates the bed with keeping high peak temperature like the case of open top to open bottom spread, although mean spread rate is smaller. This indicates that the downward smolder zone can be sustained stably if sufficient air or oxygen Is supplied from the back of it by natural convection even if upward draft entering from the bottom of the bed is absent. When the top end was partially closed by mounting a cover after stable smolder spread had begun from open top toward open bottom, the temperature at the peak decreased more than 200 K and the smolder zone became to spread with thickening residue. In this case, the shape of temperature profiles continuously changed or decayed until end-effect at the open bottom end enhanced the reaction. The temperature at the shrunk peak, free from the end-effect, was almost identical with the temperature at the exothermic oxidative-degradation zone in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. from these results, it can be inferred for natural-convection downward smolder spread that the oxidation reaction of the char is very sensitive to the oxygen supply by natural convection in the space above the smolder zone, and that the top end opening condition strongly alters the completeness of reactions, structure, and behavior of the smolder zone.

Neural regulation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Aging

Sato, Akio 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Recently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been becoming an important research target at both the clinical and neuroscientific levels. In this disease, disturbance of higher brain functions such as memory, learning and personality, is associated with changes in neural filaments, formation of plaques, and death of specific cells within the brain (Terry and Davies, 1980). In this disease, degeneration of cells int he basal forebrain, e.g., cholinergic neurons origination in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and projecting to the cerebral cortex, is quite striking (Whitehouse et al., 1982). However, the physiological mechanism by which these cholinergic fibers are linked to these higher nervous functions has until recently evaded elucidation. Over the last several years, new evidence concerning the role of cortical and hippocampal cholinergic fibers has accumulated and revealed a physiological vasodilative function for these cholinergic fibers (Sato and Sato, 1992, 1995). The brain is encased in a rigid container, the skull, and thus the total volume of cerebral blood flow (CBF) per se is maintained at a stable level within very narrow ranges. It is theorized that increases of regional CBF (rCBF) are reflection of an increased metabolic rate and demand for glucose in response to functional activation of the local neurons and cells. Such speculation is supported by the observation that cortical CBF increases during various mental and physical behaviors in humans, e.g., speaking, reading, or moving a hand, as demonstrated by Ingvar(1976) using the 133Xe method. The majority of research has focused on the regulation of rCBF by metabolites produced int he regional cerebral tissues. However, histological studies have demonstrated that most blood vessels in the brain are innervated by fibers containing noradrenaline, acetylcholine (ACh), and serotonin(5-HT) in addition to peptidergic innervation (Edvinsson et al., 1987), thereby suggesting a functional role for these neurons in the regulation of rCF. I shall review the recent studies on vasodilative regulation of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by these central cholinergic nerves origination in the NBM and septal complex.

A new species of the Phyllonorycter nipponicella complex (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with a note about the evolutionary history of the complex

Hiroaki Sato,Natsuki Tabe 국립중앙과학관 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.16 No.3

We describe a new leafminer, Phyllonorycter quintinipponicella Sato sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae:Lithocolletinae), of an evergreen oak, Quercus phillyreoides A. Gray (Fagaceae), from Japan. This species istetravoltine, overwintering as larvae in mines without diapause. It belongs to the P. nipponicella complexassociated with oaks. As a result, this complex consists of five species (the others are P. acutissimae(Kumata), P. nipponicella (Issiki), P. similis Kumata, and P. persimilis Fujihara, Sato & Kumata), which arealmost indistinguishable from each other in appearance. Nevertheless, the new species can be sharplydistinguished from the others by the pupal cremaster as well as male genitalia, but not by the femalegenitalia. In addition, P. quintinipponicella larvae, unlike those of the other species, do not form the frassinto a pile but leave it loose in the mine. Molecular analysis based on sequences of mitochondrial cy tochrome c oxidase subunit I showed that the new species is genetically distinct from the others. Theirhost-plant ranges indicated that evolutionary divergence in the complex should be linked to that of hostoaks. Further genetic and ecological studies are needed to clarify the evolutionary history of theP. nipponicella complex in combination with oak divergence.

Validation of a Model for Estimating Individual External Dose Based on Ambient Dose Equivalent and Life Patterns

Sato Rina,Yoshimura Kazuya,Sanada Yukihisa,Sato Tetsuro 대한방사선방어학회 2022 방사선방어학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Background: After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident, a model was developed to estimate the external exposure doses for residents who were expected to return to their homes after evacuation orders were lifted. However, the model’s accuracy and uncertainties in parameters used to estimate external doses have not been evaluated. Materials and Methods: The model estimates effective doses based on the integrated ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)) and life patterns, considering a dose reduction factor to estimate the indoor H*(10) and a conversion factor from H*(10) to the effective dose. Because personal dose equivalent (Hp(10)) has been reported to agree well with the effective dose after the FDNPS accident, this study validates the model’s accuracy by comparing the estimated effective doses with Hp(10). The Hp(10) and life pattern data were collected for 36 adult participants who lived or worked near the FDNPS in 2019. Results and Discussion: The estimated effective doses correlated significantly with Hp(10); however, the estimated effective doses were lower than Hp(10) for indoor sites. A comparison with the measured indoor H*(10) showed that the estimated indoor H*(10) was not underestimated. However, the Hp(10) to H*(10) ratio indoors, which corresponds to the practical conversion factor from H*(10) to the effective dose, was significantly larger than the same ratio outdoors, meaning that the conversion factor of 0.6 is not appropriate for indoors due to the changes in irradiation geometry and gamma spectra. This could have led to a lower effective dose than Hp(10). Conclusion: The estimated effective doses correlated significantly with Hp(10), demonstrating the model’s applicability for effective dose estimation. However, the lower value of the effective dose indoors could be because the conversion factor did not reflect the actual environment.

Endoscopic Findings and Treatment of Gastric Neoplasms in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Sato, Chihiro,Takahashi, Kazuya,Sato, Hiroki,Naruse, Takumi,Nakajima, Nao,Takatsuna, Masafumi,Mizuno, Ken-ichi,Hashimoto, Satoru,Takeuchi, Manabu,Yokoyama, Junji,Kobayashi, Masaaki,Terai, Shuji The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2022 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.22 No.-

Purpose: Gastric neoplasia is a common manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics, endoscopic features including fundic gland polyposis (FGPsis), and treatment outcomes of gastric neoplasms (GNs) in patients with FAP. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 patients diagnosed with FAP, including nine patients from four pedigrees who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), were investigated regarding patient characteristics, GN morphology, and treatment outcomes. Results: Twenty-one patients (60.0%) had 38 GNs; 33 (86.8%) and 5 (13.2%) were histologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and adenoma, respectively. There were no specific patient characteristics related to GNs.Nodule-type GNs were more prevalent in patients with FGP than without (52.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.002) in the upper body of the stomach. Conversely, depressed-type GNs were fewer in patients with FGPsis than in those without (13.0% vs. 73.3%, P<0.001). Slightly elevated-type GNs were observed in both groups (34.8% vs. 20.0%, P=0.538). Even within pedigrees, the background gastric mucosa and types of GNs varied. In total, 24 GNs were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and eight with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). EMR was selected for GNs with FGPsis because of the technical difficulty of ESD, resulting in a lower en bloc resection rate (62.5% vs. 100%, P=0.014). Conclusions: Our study indicates the necessity of routine EGD surveillance in patients diagnosed with FAP. Notably, the morphology and location of GNs differed between patients with and without FGPsis. Endoscopic treatment and outcomes require more attention in cases of FGPsis.

Endoscopic Findings and Treatment of Gastric Neoplasms in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Sato Chihiro,Takahashi Kazuya,Sato Hiroki,Naruse Takumi,Nakajima Nao,Takatsuna Masafumi,Mizuno Ken-ichi,Hashimoto Satoru,Takeuchi Manabu,Yokoyama Junji,Kobayashi Masaaki,Terai Shuji 대한위암학회 2022 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.22 No.4

Purpose Gastric neoplasia is a common manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics, endoscopic features including fundic gland polyposis (FGPsis), and treatment outcomes of gastric neoplasms (GNs) in patients with FAP. Materials and Methods A total of 35 patients diagnosed with FAP, including nine patients from four pedigrees who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), were investigated regarding patient characteristics, GN morphology, and treatment outcomes. Results Twenty-one patients (60.0%) had 38 GNs; 33 (86.8%) and 5 (13.2%) were histologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and adenoma, respectively. There were no specific patient characteristics related to GNs. Nodule-type GNs were more prevalent in patients with FGP than without (52.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.002) in the upper body of the stomach. Conversely, depressed-type GNs were fewer in patients with FGPsis than in those without (13.0% vs. 73.3%, P<0.001). Slightly elevated-type GNs were observed in both groups (34.8% vs. 20.0%, P=0.538). Even within pedigrees, the background gastric mucosa and types of GNs varied. In total, 24 GNs were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and eight with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). EMR was selected for GNs with FGPsis because of the technical difficulty of ESD, resulting in a lower en bloc resection rate (62.5% vs. 100%, P=0.014). Conclusions Our study indicates the necessity of routine EGD surveillance in patients diagnosed with FAP. Notably, the morphology and location of GNs differed between patients with and without FGPsis. Endoscopic treatment and outcomes require more attention in cases of FGPsis. Purpose Gastric neoplasia is a common manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics, endoscopic features including fundic gland polyposis (FGPsis), and treatment outcomes of gastric neoplasms (GNs) in patients with FAP. Materials and Methods A total of 35 patients diagnosed with FAP, including nine patients from four pedigrees who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), were investigated regarding patient characteristics, GN morphology, and treatment outcomes. Results Twenty-one patients (60.0%) had 38 GNs; 33 (86.8%) and 5 (13.2%) were histologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and adenoma, respectively. There were no specific patient characteristics related to GNs. Nodule-type GNs were more prevalent in patients with FGP than without (52.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.002) in the upper body of the stomach. Conversely, depressed-type GNs were fewer in patients with FGPsis than in those without (13.0% vs. 73.3%, P<0.001). Slightly elevated-type GNs were observed in both groups (34.8% vs. 20.0%, P=0.538). Even within pedigrees, the background gastric mucosa and types of GNs varied. In total, 24 GNs were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and eight with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). EMR was selected for GNs with FGPsis because of the technical difficulty of ESD, resulting in a lower en bloc resection rate (62.5% vs. 100%, P=0.014). Conclusions Our study indicates the necessity of routine EGD surveillance in patients diagnosed with FAP. Notably, the morphology and location of GNs differed between patients with and without FGPsis. Endoscopic treatment and outcomes require more attention in cases of FGPsis.

Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study

Hiroki Sato,Yusuke Fujiyoshi,Hirofumi Abe,Hironari Shiwaku,Junya Shiota,Chiaki Sato,Hiroyuki Sakae,Masaki Ominami,Yoshitaka Hata,Hisashi Fukuda,Ryo Ogawa,Jun Nakamura,Tetsuya Tatsuta,Yuichiro Ikebuchi 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.2

Background/AimsPatients with achalasia-related esophageal motility disorders (AEMDs) frequently present with dilated and sigmoid esophagus, and develop esophageal diverticulum (ED), although the prevalence and patients characteristics require further elucidation. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3707 patients with AEMDs from 14 facilities in Japan. Esophagography on 3682 patients were analyzed. ResultsStraight (n = 2798), sigmoid (n = 684), and advanced sigmoid esophagus (n = 200) were diagnosed. Multivariate analysis revealed that long disease duration, advanced age, obesity, and type I achalasia correlate positively, whereas severe symptoms and integrated relaxation pressure correlate negatively with development of sigmoid esophagus. In contrast, Grade II dilation (3.5-6.0 cm) was the most common (52.9%), while grade III dilation (≥ 6 cm) was rare (5.0%). We found early onset, male, obesity, and type I achalasia correlated positively, while advanced age correlated negatively with esophageal dilation. Dilated and sigmoid esophagus were found mostly in types I and II achalasia, but typically not found in spastic disorders. The prevalence of ED was low (n = 63, 1.7%), and non-dilated esophagus and advanced age correlated with ED development. Patients with right-sided ED (n = 35) had a long disease duration (P = 0.005) with low integrated relaxation pressure values (P = 0.008) compared with patients with left-sided ED (n = 22). Patients with multiple EDs (n = 6) had lower symptom severity than patients with a single ED (P = 0.022). ConclusionsThe etiologies of dilated esophagus, sigmoid esophagus, and ED are considered multifactorial and different. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment of AEMDs are necessary to prevent these conditions.

Semantic Segmentation of Outcrop Images using Deep Learning Networks Toward Realization of Carbon Capture and Storage

Kodai Sato,Hirokazu Madokoro,Takeshi Nagayoshi,Shun Chiyonobu,Paolo Martizzi,Stephanie Nix,Hanwool Woo,Takashi K. Saito,Kazuhito Sato 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

This study was conducted to classify outcrop images using semantic segmentation methods based on deep learning algorithms. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an epoch-making approach to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study specifically examines outcrops because geological layer measurements can lead to production of a highly accurate geological model for feasible CCS inspections. Using a digital monocular RGB camera, we obtained 13 outcrop images annotated with four classes along with strata. Subsequently, we compared segmentation accuracies with changing input image sizes of three types and semantic segmentation methods of four backbones: SegNet, U-Net, ResNet-18, and Xception-65. The ResNet-18 and Xception-65 backbones were implemented using DeepLabv3+. Experimentally obtained results demonstrated that data expansion with random sampling improved the accuracy. Regarding evaluation metrics, global accuracy and local accuracy are higher than the mean intersection over union (mIoU) for our outcrop image dataset with unequal numbers of pixels in the respective classes. These experimentally obtained results revealed that resizing for input images is unnecessary for our method.

Driving Simulator Study for Driver Behavior Assessment while Driving on Downgrades with Different Gradients

Toshihisa Sato,Motoyuki Akamatsu,Nobuhiro Imacho,Takashi Sato,Yuji Munehiro,Yoshiyuki Yoneyama,Yoshiyuki Tashiro 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2008 No.9

This paper describes an investigation of driver’s behavior assessment while driving on downgrades with different gradients and effect of road safety countermeasures using a coloured pavement or a light-emitting delineator. The driving simulator used in the experiments consists of 300-degree fields of view screen, a hexapod motion platform, a sound system with spatial placed eight speakers, and so on. The target was two kinds of downgrades after curved and more gradual downgrade section: one is the existent downgrade with 8% gradient and with one traffic lane in each direction, and another has 7% gradient with two lanes that will be constructed for improvement of the existing downgrade. The existent downgrade has a temporary road structure and we investigated the effective countermeasures of the coloured pavement or a light-emitting delineator to reduce driving speed on the temporary downgrade. The simulator precisely represented these road structures using CAD data of the real and planned roads. Two downgrade sections were connected each other in one experimental route in order to compare the driving between on different downgrades and the driving with and without the countermeasures. The results of participated 31 drivers suggest that there are almost no differences in road safety between the existent and improved downgrades in terms of objective and subjective assessments. The evaluation results of the effect of the countermeasures imply the necessity of the interface design that affords drivers easy recognition of onset location of the steep downgrade.

Association between glenohumeral joint rotational range of motion and hip joint flexibility in early adolescent baseball players

( Yusuke Sato ),( Kohei Matsushita ),( Miwako Tohyama ),( Masahiro Sato ),( Shigeki Izumi ) 대한운동사협회 2017 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.-