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( Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi ),( Karthiyaini Damodharan ),( Joo-won Suh ),( Seung Hwan Yang ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.5
The present study focused on the production, characterization, and in vitro prebiotic evaluation of an exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Bacillus sonorensis MJM60135 isolated from ganjang (fermented soy sauce). Strain MJM60135 showed the highest production (8.4 ± 0.8 g/l) of EPSs compared with other isolates that were screened for EPS production based on ropy culture morphology. Furthermore, MJM60135 was cultured in 5 L of medium and the EPS was extracted by ethanol precipitation. The emulsification activity of the EPS was higher in toluene than in o-xylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and glycosidic linkages. The isolated EPS contained mannose and glucose, as observed by thin-layer chromatography analysis of the EPS hydrolysate. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and pathogenic E. coli K99 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were tested for their growth utilizing the EPS from B. sonorensis MJM60135 as the sole carbon source for its possible use as a prebiotic. All the tested LAB exhibited growth in the EPSsupplied medium compared with glucose as carbon source, whereas the pathogenic strains did not grow in the EPS-supplied medium. These findings indicate that the EPS from B. sonorensis MJM60135 has potential application in the bioremediation of hydrocarbons and could also be used as a prebiotic.
Comparison of Electrode Backing Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Sasikumar, G.,Ryu, H. The Korean Electrochemical Society 2003 한국전기화학회지 Vol.6 No.3
In a PEM fuel cell electrode, backing layer has tremendous impact on electrode performance. The backing layer provides structural support for the porous electrode, distributes the reactants to the other layers and acts as a current collector. It has major influence on the water management in a PEM fuel cell. Selection of suitable backing layer material for the fabrication of electrode is thus very important to achieve high performance. In this paper we have compared the performance of PEM fuel cell electrodes fabricated using carbon paper EC-TPI-060T, carbon cloth EC-CCI-060T, (ElectroChem Inc.USA) and Carbon cloth from Textron, USA (CPW 003 grade). Mass transport problem was observed under non-pressurized condition, at high current densities, in the caie of EC-CC1-060T carbon cloth electrode (at $50^{\circ}C$), due to its higher thickness. The performance of carbon paper electrode was higher than EC-CCI-060T carbon cloth electrode. The performance of Textron carbon cloth was comparable to EC-TPI -060T carbon paper.
( Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi ),( Seung Hwan Yang ),( Joo Won Suh ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6
Yam anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C.g) is the most devastating disease of yam (Dioscorea sp.). In the present study, we evaluated the culture filtrate extract (CFE) of azalomycin-producing Streptomyces malaysiensis strain MJM1968 for the control of yam anthracnose. MJM1968 showed strong antagonistic activity against C.g in vitro. Furthermore, the MJM1968 CFE was tested for inhibition of spore germination in C.g, where it completely inhibited spore germination at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. To assess the in planta efficacy of the CFE and spores of MJM1968 against C.g, a detached leaf bioassay was conducted, which showed both the treatments suppressed anthracnose development on detached yam leaves. Furthermore, a greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the CFE from MJM1968 as a fungicide for the control of yam anthracnose. The CFE non-treated plants showed a disease severity of >92% after 90 days of artificial inoculation with C.g, whereas the disease severity of CFE-treated and benomyl-treated yam plants was reduced to 26% and 15%, respectively, after 90 days. Analysis of the yam tubers from the CFE-treated and non-treated groups showed that tubers from the CFE-treated plants were larger than that of non-treated plants, which produced abnormal smaller tubers typical of anthracnose. This study demonstrated the utility of the CFE from S. malaysiensis strain MJM1968 as a biofungicide for the control of yam anthracnose.
Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi,Bao Le,김진만,양승환 한국미생물학회 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.4
Ginseng are native traditional herbs, which exhibit excellentpharmacological activities. Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticusKII13 and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 were used forginsenoside transformation by fermenting crude ginseng extractto enhance minor gisenoside content. Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) analysis of fermented ginseng extract showed that theminor ginsenosides Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 were main productsafter 5 days of fermentation. HPLC analysis was performed toquantify the major and minor ginsenosides. The Rg3 peakappeared on the 3rd day while the appearance of Rh2 peak andRh1 peak were observed on the 5th day. The co-culture of L. helveticus KII13 and P. pentosaceus KID7 converted majorginsenosides (Rb1 and Rg1) into minor ginsenosides (Rg3,Rh2, and Rh1).
Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi,손병모,Karthiyaini Damodharan,서주원,양승환 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.5
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for ginsenoside transforming activity using crude ginseng extract. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of fermented ginseng extract showed that LAB strain MJM60396 possessed higher ginsenoside transformation ability than other strains. It converted major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides such as Rg3 and Rh2. MJM60396 also showed high β-glucosidase activity. Strain MJM60396 was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. To delineate the pathway involved in the production of the minor ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, strain MJM60396 was incubated with pure ginsenoside Rb1. HPLC analysis revealed the appearance of Rg3 and Rh2 peak from the incubation mixture containing Rb1 and strain MJM60396. Furthermore, β-glucosidase enzyme was prepared from strain MJM60396. To achieve its maximum activity, we optimized the pH and temperature conditions. Cell-free β-glucosidase enzyme hydrolyzed ginsenoside Rb1 through the following pathway: ginsenoside Rb1 → Rd → Rg3 → Rh2. This is the first report on the transformation of ginsenosides Rb1 to Rg3 and Rh2 by a Lac. paracasei subsp. tolerans strain. Our results indicate that Lac. paracasei subsp. tolerans MJM60396 has the potential to be used for preparing ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 as nutraceuticals.
Palaniyandi, Sasikumar Arunachalam,Suh, Joo-Won,Yang, Seung Hwan Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.13 No.49
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological activities of ginseng. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 are the major compounds recognized as marker substances for quality control of ginseng-based products. These major compounds can be transformed to several pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides by chemical, microbial, and enzymatic means.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>In the present study, a combination of polysaccharide hydrolases and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) were used to extract ginseng saponins enriched with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. Temperature, pH, time, ginseng-to-water ratio, and pressure were optimized to obtain the maximum amount of Rg1 and Rb1 in the resulting extract using commercial polysaccharide hydrolases.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>This study showed that treatment with a combination of cellulase, amylase, and pectinase at 100 MPa pressure, pH 4.8, and 45°C for 12 h resulted in higher Rg1 and Rb1 levels in the extract.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>This study describes a cheap and ecofriendly method for preparing ginseng extract enriched with Rg1 and Rb1.</P><P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><P>Ginsenosides are the principal bioactive components present in ginseng</P><P>Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 are the most abundant compounds in ginseng</P><P>High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and Polysaccharide hydrolases (PH) were combined to extract ginseng saponins enriched with Rg1 and Rb1</P><P>Extraction conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum amount of Rg1 and Rb1</P><P>Extraction with a combination of cellulase, amylase, and pectinase at 100 MPa pressure at pH 4.8, and 45°C for 12 h resulted in higher levels of Rg1 and Rb1 in the ginseng extract</P></P> >[FIG OMISSION]</BR><P><B>Abbreviations used:</B> ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Mpa: Mega Pascal</P>
Effects of actinobacteria on plant disease suppression and growth promotion
Palaniyandi, Sasikumar Arunachalam,Yang, Seung Hwan,Zhang, Lixin,Suh, Joo-Won Springer-Verlag 2013 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.97 No.22
<P>Biological control and plant growth promotion by plant beneficial microbes has been viewed as an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Bacteria and fungi that are naturally associated with plants and have a beneficial effect on plant growth by the alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses were isolated and developed into biocontrol (BCA) and plant growth-promoting agents (PGPA). Actinobacteria are a group of important plant-associated spore-forming bacteria, which have been studied for their biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and interaction with plants. This review summarizes the effects of actinobacteria as BCA, PGPA, and its beneficial associations with plants.</P>