Efficacy of Holmium Laser Urethrotomy in Combination with Intralesional Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Anterior Urethral Stricture

Santosh Kumar,Ankur Kapoor,Raguram Ganesamoni,Bhuvanesh Nanjappa,Varun Sharma,Uttam K Mete 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.9

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of visual internal urethrotomy with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser along with intralesional triamcinolone injection. Materials and Methods: Patients with an anterior urethral stricture less than 3 cm in length were evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrogram preoperatively. All patients were treated with holmium laser urethrotomy and intralesional triamcinolone (80 mg) injection under general or regional anesthesia. An 18 F urethral catheter was placed for 5 days. All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively by history, uroflowmetry, and if required, retrograde urethrogram or urethroscopy every 3 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.9 years (range, 14 to 70 years). The overall recurrence rate was 24%. The success rate in patients with strictures less than 1 cm in length was 95.8%, whereas that in patients with strictures of 1 to 3 cm in length was 57.7% (p=0.002). The outcome did not depend on age, duration of symptoms, etiology, or location of stricture. Conclusions: Holmium laser urethrotomy with intralesional triamcinolone is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic modality for urethral strictures. This procedure has an encouraging success rate, especially in those with stricture segments of less than 1 cm in length. Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of visual internal urethrotomy with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser along with intralesional triamcinolone injection. Materials and Methods: Patients with an anterior urethral stricture less than 3 cm in length were evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrogram preoperatively. All patients were treated with holmium laser urethrotomy and intralesional triamcinolone (80 mg) injection under general or regional anesthesia. An 18 F urethral catheter was placed for 5 days. All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively by history, uroflowmetry, and if required, retrograde urethrogram or urethroscopy every 3 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.9 years (range, 14 to 70 years). The overall recurrence rate was 24%. The success rate in patients with strictures less than 1 cm in length was 95.8%, whereas that in patients with strictures of 1 to 3 cm in length was 57.7% (p=0.002). The outcome did not depend on age, duration of symptoms, etiology, or location of stricture. Conclusions: Holmium laser urethrotomy with intralesional triamcinolone is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic modality for urethral strictures. This procedure has an encouraging success rate, especially in those with stricture segments of less than 1 cm in length.

India in the 21st Century

Santosh Kumar 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2001 남아시아연구 Vol.7 No.1

Comparative Efficacy of Tamsulosin Versus Tamsulosin With Tadalafil in Combination With Prednisolone for the Medical Expulsive Therapy of Lower Ureteric Stones: A Randomized Trial

Santosh Kumar,Kumar Jayant,Swati Agrawal,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.3

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with thephosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medicalexpulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: Between July 2011 and December 2012, 62 adult patients presentingwith distal ureteric stones sized 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to treatmentwith tamsulosin (group A) or tamsulosin with tadalafil (group B). Therapy wasgiven for a maximum of 6 weeks. In addition, patients in groups A and B were given5-mg prednisolone once daily (maximum 1 week). The stone expulsion rate, time tostone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopictreatment, and adverse effects of the drugs were noted. Statistical analyses weredone by using Student t-test and chi-square test. Results: There was a higher expulsion rate (83.9% in group B and 74.2% in group A)and a lower time to expulsion in both treatment groups than in historical controls usedin earlier studies. However, these results were not statistically significant (p=0.349,p=0.074, respectively). Statistically significant differences were noted in hospitalizationfor colic and analgesic requirement, which were less in group B than in groupA. There were no serious adverse events. Another important finding was improvementin erectile function in group B. Conclusions: Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones using tamsulosin andtadalafil with prednisolone is safe and efficacious. Also, the prescription of tadalafilin cases of erectile dysfunction with the development of lower ureteric stones may provideadditional advantages.

Robot-assisted "Santosh-Post Graduate Institute tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy" in a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis: A minimally invasive salvage procedure

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Navneet Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2

We describe a case of a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a young girl who underwent successful robot-assisted tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy. The aim of this report was to highlight the feasibility and efficacy of this technique in salvaging such renal moieties and to present a brief review of the surgical options available for the management of giant hydronephrosis.

Fragmented Pigtail Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tubes: Etiology and Management

Santosh Kumar,Raguram Ganesamoni,Bhuvanesh Nanjappa,Varun Sharma 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.7

Purpose: To review our experience with the management of fragmented and retained pigtail percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tubes and to explore the reasons for the fragmentation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institute database from January 2006 to December 2011 for patients who had undergone retrieval of fragmented PCN tubes. We assessed the preoperative factors, operative technique, and post-operative outcomes. Results: A total of seven patients (4 males and 3 females) had been diagnosed with fragmented PCN tubes. The mean age of the patients was 41.5 years. Of the seven patients, five required antegrade instrumentation by way of a percutaneous tract to remove the foreign body, mostly along with stone retrieval. One patient underwent ureterorenoscopy and pneumolithotripsy for a ureteric stone along with ureteroscopic removal of the PCN fragment. Another patient underwent nephrectomy of the kidney containing the PCN fragment because it had become nonfunctioning. All patients were free of stones and symptoms on follow-up. Conclusions: A prolonged waiting period for definitive surgery, urinary infection, and associated stone disease are significant factors causing fragmentation of PCN tubes. Proper insertion techniques, regular timed changes of the PCN tube, appropriate care of the PCN tube, and early surgery for underlying stone disease are required to avoid this complication. Patients with retained PCN tubes can be managed effectively with antegrade or retrograde endoscopic techniques while definitive management of the primary pathology is carried out, without any additional morbidity. Purpose: To review our experience with the management of fragmented and retained pigtail percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tubes and to explore the reasons for the fragmentation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institute database from January 2006 to December 2011 for patients who had undergone retrieval of fragmented PCN tubes. We assessed the preoperative factors, operative technique, and post-operative outcomes. Results: A total of seven patients (4 males and 3 females) had been diagnosed with fragmented PCN tubes. The mean age of the patients was 41.5 years. Of the seven patients, five required antegrade instrumentation by way of a percutaneous tract to remove the foreign body, mostly along with stone retrieval. One patient underwent ureterorenoscopy and pneumolithotripsy for a ureteric stone along with ureteroscopic removal of the PCN fragment. Another patient underwent nephrectomy of the kidney containing the PCN fragment because it had become nonfunctioning. All patients were free of stones and symptoms on follow-up. Conclusions: A prolonged waiting period for definitive surgery, urinary infection, and associated stone disease are significant factors causing fragmentation of PCN tubes. Proper insertion techniques, regular timed changes of the PCN tube, appropriate care of the PCN tube, and early surgery for underlying stone disease are required to avoid this complication. Patients with retained PCN tubes can be managed effectively with antegrade or retrograde endoscopic techniques while definitive management of the primary pathology is carried out, without any additional morbidity.

Analysis of high speed shear characteristics of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints

Santosh Kumar,Jae Yong Park,정재필 대한금속·재료학회 2011 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.7 No.4

A high speed shear test for Sn-Ag-Cu(3.0 wt %Sn and 0.5 wt % Ag) solder has been studied by varying shearing rate, tip height and solder volume. Failure mode analysis of the solder joint revealed that ductile and brittle failure modes coexist when the shearingspeed is 500 mm/s or higher. The higher the shearing rate, the fewer the ductile failures and the more brittle or mixed failures have been observed. Tip height variation does not have astrong impact on failure mode, but occasions for pad lift appeared to be strongly related with tip height conditions. While the maximum shear force does not provide any indication of the failure mechanism,careful analysis of the force-displacement curves showed the potential of area related indices as a method to analyze the various failure modes.

Synthesis and Characterization of BAB and CBABC Tri- and PentaBlock Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Santosh Kumar,C. N. Murthy,이재석 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.10

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique was applied successfully for the synthesis of poly(n-butyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA-b-PS-b-PBMA), (BAB) and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-n-butyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-n-butyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PBMAb-PS-b-PBMA-b-PMMA), (CBABC) linear tri- and pentablock copolymers, respectively, in solution for the first time. Difunctional polystyrene macroinitiator that contains a bromide end-group was prepared by ATRP of styrene with dimethyl-2,6-dibromoheptanedioate (DMDBHD). The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H NMR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Good agreement was observed between the theoretical and experimental molecular weights. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) was narrow and did not change much with the progress of the reaction. A linear increase in the number average molecular weight (M_n) with conversion was observed indicating that the polymerizations followed a ‘living’/controlled process. Both BAB and CBABC block copolymers showed core-shell type flower-like micellar structures when toluene is used as a selective solvent for A block (polystyrene).

수제천(壽齊天)의 역사적 특징과 세계적 중요성

Santosh Kumar,RanjanSanjay Kumar 강원한국학연구원 2017 국제한국학저널 Vol.3 No.-

음악은 일상생활을 신성한 것으로 바뀌는 강력한 수단이다. 위대한 인도의 영적 성도인 스와미 비 베카 난다 (Swami Vivekananda, 1863~1902)에 따르면 “음악은 예술의 최고형태이며 그것을 이해하는 사람들에게는 최고의 헌신”이라고 하였다. 이처럼 음악은 인간의 일상생활을 수세기부터 바꿔 놓았으며, 마찬가지로 한국 사회에도 영향을 끼쳤다. 음악은 한국사회 체제 내부의 계급과 관계를 나타냈는데, 수제천(壽齊天)은 한국 법원의 시범 사례 중 하나이다. 수제천은 어원론적으로 ‘천국처럼 영원한 긴 삶’으로 정의되며, 고대의 왕실 행렬을 보완하는 한국 법원의 연회에서 공연되었다. Music is a powerful means through which everyday life is transformed into a sacred one. According to the great Indian spiritual saint Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902), “Music is the highest form of art and, to those who understand it, is the highest form of devotion”. Music has changed the daily life of human beings from centuries and likewise, influenced the Korean society. Music has manifested the hierarchies and relationships inside the Korean social system. Sujecheon has been one of the demonstrative examples of Korean court music. Sujecheon is etymologically defined as “Long life as Eternal as in Heaven” and was performed in the Korean court banquets complimented for the royal processions in the ancient times.

GENERALISED COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR WEAKLY COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS VIA IMPLICIT CONTRACTIVE RELATION IN QUASI-PARTIAL Sb-METRIC SPACE WITH SOME APPLICATIONS

Santosh Kumar,Lucas Wangwe 호남수학회 2023 호남수학학술지 Vol.45 No.1

In the present paper, we prove common fixed point theorems for a pair of weakly compatible mappings under implicit contractive relation in quasi-partial Sb-metric spaces. We also provide an illustrative example to support our results. Furthermore, we will use the results obtained for application to two boundary value problems for the secondorder differential equation. Also, we prove a common solution for the nonlinear fractional differential equation.

Unusual intraosseous transmigration of impacted tooth

Santosh Kumar,Arun Srinivas Urala,Taranath Kamath,Priyanka Jayaswal,Ashima Valiathan 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.1

Transmigration of an impacted tooth through the symphyseal suture is a rare and special developmental anomaly of unknown etiology that is unique to the mandibular canine. Maxillary canine transmigration is even rarer. Transmigrated canines are particularly significant due to the aesthetic and functional importance. A maxillary lateral incisor crossing the mid-palatal suture has never been reported in the literature. The aim of this report is to present the first case of simultaneous transmigration of a lateral incisor and canine in the maxilla. The paper also reports four unusual cases of unilateral canine transmigration in the maxilla and mandible and successful eruption of one of the transmigrated mandibular canines following orthodontic traction. Etiology of transmigration and its clinical considerations are also discussed.