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Generalized height-diameter models for five pine species at Southern Mexico
Wenceslao Santiago-Garcıa,Antonio Heriberto Jacinto-Salinas,Gerardo Rodr ıguez-Ortiz,Adan Nava-Nava,Elıas Santiago-Garcıa,Gregorio Angeles-Perez,Jose Raymundo Enrıquez-del Valle 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.2
Generalized height-diameter at breast height (D) models are essential for the estimation of the timber stocks of a forest stand, as well as in the generation of base information to develop forest growth models, and as basic inputs in the development of forest management plans. Generalized models were developed to estimate total height (TH) based on the D and stand variables, of five Pinus species in forests under forest management of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The data used come from a timber forest inventory, where n = 1041 sampling plots of 1000 m2 each were established based on a stratified-systematic sampling design. The species selected according to their relative abundance were: Pinus patula, Pinus oaxacana, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus teocote and Pinus leiophylla. Five nonlinear equations were fitted using regression techniques to predict the TH of the trees under several silviculture regimes and forest management conditions. The statistical criteria of goodness of fit used were: adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute average bias in the prediction (Ē). Likewise, the graphic analysis of the predictive capacity of the equations was considered. The D and the stand variables (quadratic mean diameter, dominant diameter and dominant height) for these species explained between 75 and 83% of the variability of the TH data. The predicting variables to apply the developed generalized models to estimate tree's total height require less sampling effort and are derived from conventional forest inventory data, which allows to reduce costs and time in field work.
Santiago Sánchez-Beitia,Daniel Luengas-Carreño,Paulo B. Lourenço 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.6
The X-ray diff raction technique for determining residual stresses in construction steels has been commonly used in the international scientifi c community for decades. Taking advantage of the concepts on which the technique is based, the authors have previously calibrated and used the technique for the in situ determination of the stress states of metallic structures in service. This article presents an advance in the latter utility by means of the laboratory calibration of the X-ray diff raction technique in corrugated steel. The interaction between radiation and steel is complex, so, in the scientifi c community, it is considered pertinent to resort to empirical and experimental calibration processes. Two bars of corrugated steel were subjected to increasing tensile loads. The load states introduced in the testing machine were compared with those determined by X-ray diff raction. The correlation between the values of the loads applied and those determined by the proposed technique is excellent. The experimental conditions of the calibration tests are precisely detailed so that they are easily reproducible. This work represents a necessary fi rst step in employing the technique in the buildings or civil works.
Spectro-photometric distances to stars: A general purpose Bayesian approach
Santiago, Basí,lio X.,Brauer, Dorothé,e E.,Anders, Friedrich,Chiappini, Cristina,Queiroz, Anna B.,Girardi, Lé,o,Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.,Balbinot, Eduardo,da Costa, Luiz N.,Maia, Marcio EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.585 No.-
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the 2022 Presidential Bid of a Former Philippine Opposition Leader
SANTIAGO ARJELYN 한국사회언어학회 2024 사회언어학 Vol.32 No.1
This study conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo’s presidential proclamation bid considering differing ideologies between two opposing political parties in the Philippines. Robredo employed language to persuade people to support her ideologies and, ultimately, to cast their votes for her. Analyzing her speech through Fairclough’s three-dimensional CDA model yielded the following several key insights. First, the textual analysis of Robredo’s proclamation bid revealed multiple personal and impersonal motivations in using linguistic markers such as personal pronouns, mood, and modality. Second, the processing analysis of Robredo’s political discourse displayed her lexical choices and use of rhetorical norms such as metaphors, repetition, and three-part lists to persuade people to change their views on the government. Finally, the social analysis of Robredo’s proclamation speech revealed her ideologies as a political leader, which became the basis for constructing a self-identity relevant to her orientation of power. This analysis of Robredo’s political discourse through CDA explored the relationship between language, ideologies, and power. The findings of this study are expected to stimulate listeners to critically observe the verbal political behaviors of speakers.
Diagnosis and Management of Grain-Induced Asthma
Santiago Quirce,Araceli Diaz-Perales 대한천식알레르기학회 2013 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.5 No.6
Grain-induced asthma is a frequent occupational allergic disease mainly caused by inhalation of cereal flour or powder. The main professions affectedare bakers, confectioners, pastry factory workers, millers, farmers, and cereal handlers. This disorder is usually due to an IgE-mediated allergicresponse to inhalation of cereal flour proteins. The major causative allergens of grain-related asthma are proteins derived from wheat, rye and barleyflour, although baking additives, such as fungal α-amylase are also important. This review deals with the current diagnosis and treatment of grain-inducedasthma, emphasizing the role of cereal allergens as molecular tools to enhance diagnosis and management of this disorder. Asthma-like symptomscaused by endotoxin exposure among grain workers are beyond the scope of this review. Progress is being made in the characterization of grainand bakery allergens, particularly cereal-derived allergens, as well as in the standardization of allergy tests. Salt-soluble proteins (albumins plus globulins),particularly members of the α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family, thioredoxins, peroxidase, lipid transfer protein and other soluble enzymes showthe strongest IgE reactivities in wheat flour. In addition, prolamins (not extractable by salt solutions) have also been claimed as potential allergens. However, the large variability of IgE-binding patterns of cereal proteins among patients with grain-induced asthma, together with the great differencesin the concentrations of potential allergens observed in commercial cereal extracts used for diagnosis, highlight the necessity to standardize andimprove the diagnostic tools. Removal from exposure to the offending agents is the cornerstone of the management of grain-induced asthma. Theavailability of purified allergens should be very helpful for a more refined diagnosis, and new immunomodulatory treatments, including allergen immunotherapyand biological drugs, should aid in the management of patients with this disorder.