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Energy efficient Cross Layer Multipath Routing for Image Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks
Santhosha Rao,Kumara Shama,Pavan Kumar Rao 한국정보처리학회 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.6
Owing to limited energy in wireless devices power saving is very critical to prolong the lifetime of thenetworks. In this regard, we designed a cross-layer optimization mechanism based on power control in whichsource node broadcasts a Route Request Packet (RREQ) containing information such as node id, image size,end to end bit error rate (BER) and residual battery energy to its neighbor nodes to initiate a multimediasession. Each intermediate node appends its remaining battery energy, link gain, node id and average noisepower to the RREQ packet. Upon receiving the RREQ packets, the sink node finds node disjoint paths andcalculates the optimal power vectors for each disjoint path using cross layer optimization algorithm. Sinkbased cross-layer maximal minimal residual energy (MMRE) algorithm finds the number of image packetsthat can be sent on each path and sends the Route Reply Packet (RREP) to the source on each disjoint pathwhich contains the information such as optimal power vector, remaining battery energy vector and number ofpackets that can be sent on the path by the source. Simulation results indicate that considerable energy savingcan be accomplished with the proposed cross layer power control algorithm.
Energy Efficient Cross Layer Multipath Routing for Image Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks
Rao, Santhosha,Shama, Kumara,Rao, Pavan Kumar Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.6
Owing to limited energy in wireless devices power saving is very critical to prolong the lifetime of the networks. In this regard, we designed a cross-layer optimization mechanism based on power control in which source node broadcasts a Route Request Packet (RREQ) containing information such as node id, image size, end to end bit error rate (BER) and residual battery energy to its neighbor nodes to initiate a multimedia session. Each intermediate node appends its remaining battery energy, link gain, node id and average noise power to the RREQ packet. Upon receiving the RREQ packets, the sink node finds node disjoint paths and calculates the optimal power vectors for each disjoint path using cross layer optimization algorithm. Sink based cross-layer maximal minimal residual energy (MMRE) algorithm finds the number of image packets that can be sent on each path and sends the Route Reply Packet (RREP) to the source on each disjoint path which contains the information such as optimal power vector, remaining battery energy vector and number of packets that can be sent on the path by the source. Simulation results indicate that considerable energy saving can be accomplished with the proposed cross layer power control algorithm.
Detection of Genital HPV Infection Using Urine Samples: a Population Based Study in India
Sabeena, Sasidharanpillai,Bhat, Parvati,Kamath, Veena,Mathew, Mary,Aswathyraj, Sushama,Devadiga, Santhosha,Prabhu, Suresha,Hindol, Maity,Chameetachal, Akhil,Krishnan, Anjana,Arunkumar, Govindakarnavar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3
Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among Indian women and its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. This preventable cancer accounts for the maximum number of cancer related deaths among rural Indian women. Unlike in developed countries there are no organized cervical cancer screening programmes in India due to lack of resources and manpower. Objective: To detect genital HPV infection using urine samples among asymptomatic rural women in the age group of 18-65 years. Materials and Methods: The study area chosen was Perdoor village in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka State and all the women in the age group of 18-65 years formed the study cohort. A cross sectional study was conducted by house visits and 1,305 women were enrolled in the study. After taking written informed consent a data sheet was filled and early stream random urine samples were collected, transported to a laboratory at 4OC and aliquoted. Samples were tested using nested HPV PCR with PGMY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Positive cases were genotyped by sequence analysis. Results: Study participants included 1,134 sexually active and 171 unmarried women with a mean age at marriage of 22.1 (SD=3.9) years. Study area showed high female literacy rate of 86.6%. Five urine samples tested positive for HPV DNA (0.4%). Conclusions: We found very low genital HPV infection rate among women from monogamous community. This is the first major population based study carried out among asymptomatic rural women to detect genital HPV infectio from Karnataka using urine samples.