Modeling of thermodynamic properties of an oxygenate + aromatic hydrocarbon: Excess molar enthalpy

Sanjeev Maken,Manju Rani,Sanjeev Maken,권휘웅,탁경재,문일 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Excess molar enthalpy ðHEm Þ have been measured at 303.15 K for 1-propanol + benzene or toluene or o- or m- or p-xylene mixtures using flow micro calorimeter. The HEm versus x1 plots are skewed toward y-axis showing maxima at x1 0:3. At ðx1 ¼ 0:5Þ HEm vary in the order: toluene < benzene < m-xylene < pxylene o-xylene. The excess volume data have also been interpreted in terms of Graph-theoretical approach and Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory. It has been observed that while PFP theory fails to predict the HEm values for these systems in the composition range x1 < 0:5, agreement with experimental values is reasonably good thereafter. The HEm values calculated by Graph theory compared well with the corresponding experimental values.

The Political System and Processes in India : Problems and Prospects with Special Reference to Southern India

Sanjeev Kumar Shrivastav 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2008 아시아연구 Vol.- No.3

본 논문은 인도의 정치 체계에 대한 고찰을 목적으로 한 소고 형태의 논문입니다. 인도 정치에 대한 새로운 이슈를 제기하기 보다는 인도 정치 제도와 현황에 대한 설명을 통하여 여타의 정치 체제에서는 찾아보기 힘든 인도의 독특 한 정치문화에 대한 이해를 높이고자 합니다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 집필의 의도에 충실히 따르기 위하여 인도의 정치를 여러 가지 단면으로 나누어 각각의 주제에 대한 설명을 나열하는 형식을 취하고 있습니다. 덧붙여 이러한 인도 정 치의 지역별 연구의 시작으로서 남부지역의 주 정부들의 정치적 현황과 제도적 특징 그리고 정치적 경험들에 대하여 간단히 소개함으로서 남부 인도에서의 정치적 성과에 대해 소개하고자 합니다. 인도 문명은 유럽, 이슬람교 사회뿐만 아니라 유교와 불교의 영향을 받은 동아시아의 문명과도 구분되는 독특한 면을 가지고 있다. 1947년 8월 15일 독립당시의 4억 인구는 현재에 이르러 10억을 초과한 상태이다. 알려진 대로 인도는 선거권을 가진 인구의 수와 정치에 참여하는 정당의 숫적 측면에서 보면 세계 최대의 민주주의 국가이다. 또한 인도에는 다양한 종류의 이해집단들이 존재하고 있다. 이러한 이해집단들은 지역, 언어, 계급, 종교 등 여러 가지 다각적인 사회 정체성을 가진 집단들이다. 이들 이해집단들은 자신들의 처한 상황에 따라 다양한 요구들을 표출하고 있다. 이러한 요구들은 인도 내에서 자신들의 문화에 대한 자치권에 대한 요구도 있으며, 더 나아가 자치 독립 국가를 원하는 집단들도 존재하고 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 다양한 문제들에도 불구하고 인도는 하나의 독립국가로서 독립이후 존재해오고 있다. 인도는 연방 의회제의 민주 국가이며, 여러 정당의 대표가 있다. 실질적인 인도의 정치권력은 수상이 수행하지만, 형식적인 권력은 대통령에게 있다. 이것은 영국의 군주제도에서 왕이 차지하는 위치와 같은 표면상의 국가수반의 지위에 해당한다. 행정은 정부가 담당하고 있으며, 연방의 입법에 대한 권한은 정부와 상원과 하원으로 구성된 인도 의회에 있다. 사법은 입법과 행정으로부터 독립되어 기능하고 있다. 인도 연방제는 정당의 분열과 의회 권력의 약화 그리고 일반 대중들의 정치적 압력으로 인하여 다른 연방제 국가들과 비교하여 중앙 집중화 정도가 약한편이다. 시장 개혁과 몇 몇 주들에서 받아들인 세계 은행의 구조 조정 계획 그리고 투자에 대한 인도 국내 수요의 증가로 인하여 연방제는 여러 가지 경제적 문제에 직면해 있다. 경제문제에 대한 의사결정의 권한을 개별 주 정부에 부여함으로 인하여 투표를 의식한 대중적 정당의 정책 등으로 재정 문제는 악화되 었으며, 또한 불균형 발전이 가속화 되었다. 중앙 정부와 지방정부간의 정치와 안보에 관한 견해 차이로 인하여 중요한 정치적 문제들이 나타나고 있다. 또한 새로운 주를 만들기 위한 정치적 집단들의 움직임도 있으며, 촌락단위 정치 의 결 조직에 대한 헌법 조항을 설립하려는 정치적 움직임도 있다. 이처럼 연방제로 인하여 인도는 중앙 정부의 권한이 강화되기 보다는 지방정부의 권력이 강화되면서 지역, 언어, 카스트, 계급 등의 다양한 문제들이 중요한 정치적 과제 로 등장하게 되었다. 1999년의 의회 선거 이후로 중앙 정부는 20개의 중소 지역 정당들이 참여한 연합 정부를 구축하였으며, 당분간 이러한 연합 정부 형태는 지속될 것으로 보인다. 이러한 외적 내적 문제들에도 불구하고 인도는 매우 성공적인 민주주의적 질서와 정부를 유지해 오고 있다. 현재까지 인도는 독립이후 파키스탄과 중국 에 대항하여 네 번의 전쟁을 겪어왔다. 그리고 자무와 카시미르 지역, 북동 지역 그리고 펀잡지역에서 계속되는 반정부 시위를 겪고 있다. 현재 인도는 모택동주의자들과 낙살라이트들의 반정부 시위를 경험하고 있다. 카스트와 부족 문제들은 여전히 해결의 기미를 보이지 않고 있으며, 인도의 법과 질서에 위험을 안겨줄 수 있는 중대한 과제로 등장하였다. 무엇보다 가장 큰 문제는 전 세계에 있어 현재 가장 큰 정치적 위험이 되고 있으며, 수년간 인도를 계속해서 고통에 빠뜨리는 테러리즘과의 전쟁을 현재 수행하고 있다는 것이다. 인도는 이러한 모든 정치적 문제들에 대해서 용기와 신념을 갖고 싸워왔다. 이러한 심각한 문제들에 대항하여 힘든 싸움을 해오면서도 인도는 국민들의 복지와 빈곤퇴치를 위해 성공적인 성과를 거두어왔다. 이러한 측면에서 본다면 남부 인도의 여러 주 정부들은 다른 지역의 주 정부와 비교하여 상대적으로 성공적이었으며, 국민들의 복지와 빈곤퇴치에 성공적이었음을 알 수 있다. Indian civilization is distinct from the East Asian, mainly Confucian and Buddhist inspired civilizations, as well as from European or Islamic societies. When India attained independence on 15th August, 1947, its population was around 400 million people. Now there are more than a billion people in India. India is the largest democracy in the world. It has the biggest number of people with franchise rights and the largest number of political parties, which take part in election campaign. India also has many internal problems. Different communities with different identities-regional, language, caste, religion-demanded different rights for their communities. Some communities demanded more autonomy for their cultures within the Indian states. Others demanded autonomous states within the Indian Union, while the others demanded to be independent from India. With all its problems India survives as a single state with democratic character. India is a federal parliamentary democratic state, having multiparty representation. The Prime Minister of India is the head of government, while the President of India is the formal head of state and holds substantial reserve powers, placing him or her in approximately the same position as the British monarch. Executive power is exercised by the government. Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the Parliament of India. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Indian federalism has become less centralized as a result of popular pressures, the breakdown of Congress dominance, and the fragmentation of political parties. Economic challenges to cooperative federalism emerge from market reforms, the search for investments, and the World Bank structural adjustment plans adopted in selected states. Devolution of economic decision-making to the states aggravates fiscal crises by facilitating populist political strategies and accentuating uneven development. Political challenges arise from issues such as central vs. state control of police and security forces; movements for the creation of new states; and the implementation of constitutional provisions for village-level governance. Change in India’s federalism has come about less through the adaptation of formal institutions than through the proliferation of state-based political parties, aggregating varied interests based on region, language, caste, class, or views on secularism. After the elections of 1999, more than 20 parties managed to provide a stable national coalition government, transforming the political processes. At present India has a coalition government and the same coalition is likely to remain in upcoming years in Indian politics.

Temporary Endoscopic Stimulation in Gastroparesis-like Syndrome

( Sanjeev Singh ),( Jeff Mccrary ),( Archana Kedar ),( Stephen Weeks ),( Brian Beauerle ),( Andrew Weeks ),( Omer Endashaw ),( Chris Lahr ),( Warren Starkebaum ),( Thomas Abell ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.4

Background/Aims Gastroparesis-like syndrome (GLS) is defined as gastroparesis-like symptoms with normal gastric scintigraphy. While the efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) in gastroparesis is well known, the utility of GES in GLS is largely unknown. Our aim was to clarify the role of GES in GLS. We implanted consecutive patients with symptoms of gastroparesis with temporary gastric electrical stimulation and observed changes in gastric scintigraphy and total symptom score. Methods Five hundred and fifty-one patients suffering from symptoms of gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, bloating/distension, anorexia/ early satiety, and abdominal pain) with negative endoscopy underwent gastric scintigraphy with analysis of 1) solid radionuclide gastric emptying at 1, 2, and 4 hours (% remaining); 2) area under the gastric emptying curve (AUC) at 1, 2, and 4hours; and 3) total gastric emptying test (GET) (the sum of 1, 2, and 4 hour values). Patients were stratified into: delayed gastric emptying, normal gastric emptying, and rapid gastric emptying (Appendix). Of the 551 patients in the larger cohort, 379 had implantation of temporary gastric electrical stimulation (tGES). Gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying were com - pared pre and post tGES implantation. Results After tGES, 2 hour gastric retention decreased (P < 0.01) for the delayed patients, and increased (P < 0.001) for normal and rapid patients. These changes were accompanied by improvements (P < 0.001) in vomiting, nausea, and total symptom scores in all 3 subgroups. Conclusions Gastric electrical stimulation may be an effective therapy for treating the symptoms of gastroparesis with normal gastric emptying.Further exploration of endoscopic electrical stimulation as a treatment for gastroparesis-like symptoms with non-delayed gastric emptying is needed. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:520-527)

Reduced Germination and Seedling Vigor of Weeds with Root Extracts of Maize and Soybean, and the Mechanism Defined as Allelopathic

Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,김일두,Bishnu Adhikari,김정호,신동현 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of eco-friendly weed management approaches is emphasized. Weed suppression by intercropping is basically attributed to increasing competition between the crop plants and weeds and/or the allelopathy effect of some crop plants. The effect of root extracts of maize or soybean on beggarticks and goosegrass weeds, as well as the effect of sole cropping of corn or soybean on weed occurrence and growth were investigated. The germination and seedling vigor of the two weeds were significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited with the maize root extract compared to those with soybean. Similarly, 420.52% low amount of fresh weeds was collected from the maize-grown pots (37.03 g) compared to that of the soybean-grown pots (155.72 g). The results of this study revealed that intercropping of soybean with maize could be an effective option to reduce the weed problem although comprehensive field studies are necessary for practical applications.

Evaluation of Flooding Tolerance of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Greenhouse under Upland and Paddy Soil Conditions

Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,김홍식,강범규,서정현,김현태,신상옥,박창환,권도연 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Domestic rice production has exceeded the demand in Korea and cultivation of upland crops like soybean has been increased in converted paddy fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two soil types, upland and paddy, on flooding tolerance of three tolerant and three susceptible soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions. The flooding tolerance of soybean cultivars was evaluated based on chlorophyll content (CC), plant height (PH), and shoot dry weight (DW) measured under unflooded control and flooded treatments for 14 days. These three parameters were significantly affected by the soil type during the flooding and flood recovery periods of 14 days. Mean flooding tolerance index (FTI) of susceptible cultivars was higher than that of tolerant cultivars in upland soil. However, the FTI of tolerant cultivars was greater than that of susceptible cultivars in paddy soil at 14 days after flooding (DAF). A non-significant negative correlation between CC and DW and a significant positive correlation between PH and DW were found in both soils, whereas the negative correlation between CC and PH was non-significant in upland soil and was significant in paddy soil at 14 DAF. The results suggested that the flooding tolerance level of soybean cultivars could be influenced by soil type hence, it could be useful to consider designing flooding tolerance studies in different soil types. Also, field experiments could be designed to observe data until harvest to verify that with vegetative parameters of tolerant soybean varieties.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evaluation of Diff erently Cryogenically Treated AISI-H11 Steel

Sanjeev Katoch,Vishal Singh,Rakesh Sehgal 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.5

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of diff erently cryogenically treated AISI-H11steel has been evaluated in this study. Parameters chosen for cryogenic treatment cycles are soaking temperature (− 154 °C and − 184 °C) and soaking duration (6, 21, and 36 h). Mechanical properties obtained have been characterized to comprehend the infl uence of cryogenic treatment parameters vis-à-vis vacuum heat treatment and tempering on the hardness, toughness and tensile strength. The samples cryogenically treated at − 184 °C for a soak duration of 6 h and tempered at 600 °C for 2 h showed higher hardness, samples cryogenically treated at − 184 °C for a soak duration of 36 h and tempered at 600 °C for 2 h showed higher toughness and showed 12.8% reduction in tensile strength in comparison to conventionally treated samples. X-ray diff raction analysis showed that retained austenite contents of samples treated with various cryogenic treatments reduces to near zero.

A Bronchial Lipoma: Occurrence at an Unusual Site and Its Successful Bronchoscopic Resection with an Electrosurgical Snare

Sanjeev Jadhav,Sachin Sanagar,Jeenam Shaha,Jayalakshmi Kutty,Mona Jadhav 대한흉부외과학회 2020 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.53 No.6

Primary tracheobronchial lipoma is an extremely rare entity, the diagnosis of which is often missed initially. Cases are generally diagnosed late after initial treatment for asthma and bronchitis. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with a left main bronchus lipoma that caused near-total obstruction. The lipoma was treated by bronchoscopic resection with an electrosurgical snare and cryoablation.

Giant Popliteal Artery Aneurysm in a Teenager: An Unusual Occurrence

Sanjeev Jadhav,Sachin Sanagar,Shantesh Kaushik,Haridas Munde 대한흉부외과학회 2019 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.52 No.2

Giant popliteal artery aneurysm is an uncommon entity. If untreated, it results in life-threatening complications. It is usually seen in older patients (over 60 years of age), and atherosclerotic disease is its main cause. Few cases have been reported in young adults, and its incidence in teenagers is exceptionally rare, with scarce case reports in the literature. We report a case of left popliteal artery aneurysm in a 16-yearold and its successful surgical treatment through resection and repair with a synthetic interposition graft.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in soybean leaf tissue of tolerant and susceptible cultivars under flooding stress revealed by RNA sequencing

Sanjeev K. Dhungana,김홍식,강범규,서정현,김현태,오재현,신상욱,백인열 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.1

Flooding stress causes severe yield reduction in soybean worldwide. The development of stress-tolerant cultivars could be an effective measure to reduce the negative effects of flooding stress. Molecular information on the gene expression pattern of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under fl ooding stress could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybean. The objective of this study was to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed by RNA sequencing in the soy�bean leaf tissues of tolerant (‘Paldalkong’ and ‘Danbaekkong’) and susceptible (‘NTS1116’) cultivars under flooding stress. Seedlings were grown in a well-watered condition up to the V1–V2 stage and fl ood-stressed by inundating ~ 10-cm water for 14 days. A total of 22,468 genes were differentially expressed in flood-stressed condition compared to the well-watered control condition, out of which 13,729, 13,405, and 13,160 were diff erentially expressed in ‘Paldalkong’, ‘Danbaekkong’, and ‘NTS1116’, respectively. A higher number of some of the flooding tolerance-related genes such as lipoxygenase, expansin, glutathione S-transferase, and sugar efflux transporter were up-regulated in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The number of some abscisic acid-related transcription factors of basic leucine zipper domain and myeloblastosis families was also higher in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The molecular information about the DEGs of tolerant and susceptible cultivars obtained in the present study could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybeans.

Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop during Condensation of R-134a and R-410A in Horizontal Micro-fin Tubes

Sanjeev Singh,Rajeev Kukreja 대한설비공학회 2018 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.26 No.3

Condensation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of HFC refrigerants R-134a and R-410A have been investigated experimentally in smooth and micro-fin tubes (helix angles 18° and 15°) of outer diameter 9.52mm at mass °uxes from 200 to 600 kg/m2 . s, vapor qualities between 0.1 and 0.9 and at saturation temperatures of 35°C and 40°C. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficients of R-134a and R-410A inside micro-fin tubes were 1.21–1.82 and 1.15–1.47 times higher and frictional pressure drops were 2.11–2.56 and 1.62–2.12 times higher than those of smooth tubes. These experimental results are compared with the existing heat transfer and frictional pressure drop correlations proposed by different researchers. The comparison showed fairly good agreement with these existing correlations within ±30%. A new correlation has also been proposed for predicting heat transfer coefficient in micro-fin tubes. The oil concentrations measured for refrigerants R-134a and R-410A varied in the range of 1.3–1.5%, respectively.