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김형수,Ioan V. Sanislav 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.6
Foliation Intersection/Inflection Axes within porphyroblasts (FIAs) provide a quantitative approach to microstructural and metamorphic analysis that can be used to integrate multiple deformation and metamorphic events and develop lengthy PT path histories during orogenesis. This paper reviews applications of FIAs for determining (1) porphyroblast rotation vs. nonrotation; (2) inclusion trail orientations and orogenic processes involving changes in the direction of bulk horizontal shortening; (3) in situ age determinations for multiple deformation episodes; (4) P-T-t-d paths of poly-metamorphism in an orogenic belt; and (5) constraining relative plate movement paths within ancient orogens. Quantitative structural and metamorphic data correlated directly to relative plate motions, are currently allowing the tectonic reconstruction of multiply deformed and metamorphosed terrains in orogens around the world.
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Timothy H. Bell,Ioan V. Sanislav,Jyotindra Sapkota 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.1
Multiple generations of sub-vertical and sub-horizontal foliations preserved as inclusion trails in garnet in mylonitic rocks from the hanging wall of the Main Central Thrust in the Himalayas indicate that these porphyroblasts did not rotate during thrusting. This result is predicated by (i) a consistent succession of 5 changes in FIA trend (foliation inflection/intersection axes in porphyroblasts) for samples where the orientation changes from porphyroblast cores to rims; (ii) sub-vertical and sub-horizontal foliations occur as inclusion trails around each of the 5 FIAs in the succession, which would not be the case if the garnet porphyroblasts rotated during subsequent phases of deformation as tectonism continued; (iii) a change in inclusion trail asymmetry immediately prior to the commencement of mylonitzation indicates top to the south thrusting only if the porphyroblasts had not rotated as they grew; (iv) the latter asymmetry matches truncated crenulation relics preserved within the mylonitic matrix foliation that indicate top to the south thrusting as the latter foliation formed. Partitioning of deformation into shortening and shearing components stops rotation of porphyroblasts during their growth and during following periods of ductile tectonism. This can be replicated via computer modelling by duplicating the crenulation-hinge-like coaxial environment in which porphyroblasts nucleate and grow before the strain intensifies. This was done using Drucker-Prager constitutive models with temperature-dependent strain softening behaviour and resulted in no porphyroblast rotation when followed by non-coaxial deformation no matter how intense. Furthermore, strain localization in the model containing competent objects of variable size, shape and orientation, produced no rotation during deformation involving components of shortening and shearing. These approaches to modelling mechanically resolve the sub-vertical/sub-horizontal foliations defined by inclusion trails and consistent FIA trend successions obtained from the Main Central Thrust rocks as well as in orogens elsewhere.
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