Determination of Microbial Diversity in Gouda Cheese via Pyrosequencing Analysis

( Sangnam Oh ),( Younghoon Kim ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2018 한국유가공기술과학회지 Vol.36 No.2

The present study aimed to investigate the microbial diversity in Gouda cheese within the four months of ripening, via next-generation sequencing (NGS). Lactococcus (96.03%), and Leuconostoc (3.83%), used as starter cultures, constituted the majority of bacteria upon 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S rDNA sequences. However, no drastic differences were observed among other populations between the center and the surface portions of Gouda cheese during ripening. Although the proportion of subdominant species was <1%, slight differences in bacterial populations were observed in both the center and the surface portions. Taken together, our results suggest that environmental and processing variables of cheese manufacturing including pasteurization, starter, ripening conditions are important factors influencing the bacterial diversity in cheese and they can be used to alter nutrient profiles and metabolism and the flavor during ripening.

Quantitative Analysis of Milk-Derived microRNAs and Microbiota during the Manufacturing and Ripening of Soft Cheese

( Sangnam Oh ),( Mi-ri Park ),( Sangdon Ryu ),( Brighton E. Maburutse ),( Ji-uk Kim ),( Younghoon Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.9

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in bovine milk and milk derived from other livestock, and they have functional roles in infants and in the secretion process of mammary glands. However, few studies have evaluated miRNAs in dairy processes, such as during cheese making and ripening. Thus, we investigated the characteristics of milk-derived miRNAs during the manufacturing and ripening of Camembert cheese as well as the microbiota present using the quantitative reverse transcription polymer chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, respectively. Pyrosequencing showed that the cheese microbiota changed dramatically during cheese processing, including during the pasteurization, starter culture, and ripening stages. Our results indicated that the RNA contents per 200 mg/200 μl of the sample increased significantly during cheese-making and ripening. The inner cheese fractions had higher RNA contents than the surfaces after 12 and 22 days of ripening in a timedependent manner (21.9 and 13.2 times higher in the inner and surface fractions than raw milk, respectively). We performed a comparative analysis of the miRNAs in each fraction by RT-qPCR. Large amounts of miRNAs (miR-93, miR-106a, miR-130, miR-155, miR-181a, and miR- 223) correlated with immune responses and mammary glands were present in aged cheese, with the exception of miR-223, which was not present on the surface. Considerable amounts of miRNAs were also detected in whey, which is usually disposed of during the cheese-making process. Unexpectedly, there were no significant correlations between immune-related miRNAs and the microbial populations during cheese processing. Taken together, these results show that various functional miRNAs are present in cheese during its manufacture and that they are dramatically increased in amount in ripened Camembert cheese, with differences according to depth.

Dietary microRNAs Isolated Bovine Milks

Sangnam Oh,Younghoon Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Comparison of Total RNA Isolation Methods for Analysis of Immune-Related microRNAs in Market Milks

Sangnam Oh,Mi Ri Park,Seok Jun Son,Younghoon Kim 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Bovine milk provides essential nutrients, including immunologically important molecules, as the primary source of nutrition to newborns. Recent studies showed that RNAs from bovine milk contain immune-related microRNAs (miRNA) that regulate various immune systems. To evaluate the biological and immunological activity of miRNAs from milk products, isolation methods need to be established. Six methods for extracting total RNAs from bovine colostrums were adopted to evaluate the isolating efficiency and expression of miRNAs. Total RNA from milk was presented in formulation of small RNAs, rather than ribosomal RNAs. Column-combined phenol isolating methods showed high recovery of total RNAs, especially the commercial columns for biofluid samples, which demonstrated outstanding efficiency for recovering miRNAs. We also evaluated the quantity of five immune-related miRNAs (miR-93, miR-106a, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-451) in milk processed by temperature treatments including low temperature for long time (LTLT, 63oC for 30 min)-, high temperature for short time (HTST, 75oC for 15 s)-, and ultra heat treatment (UHT, 120-130oC for 0.5-4 s). All targeted miRNAs had significantly reduced levels in processed milks compared to colostrum and raw mature milk. Interestingly, the amount of immune-related miRNAs from HTST milk was more resistant than those of LTLT and UHT milks. Our present study examined defined methods of RNA isolation and quantification of immune-specific miRNAs from small volumes of milk for use in further analysis.

Cytoprotective activity of elevated static pressure against oxidative stress in normal human fibroblasts

Sangnam Oh(오상남),Mari kim(김마리),Deaho Kwon(권대호),Eunil Lee(이은일) 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11

예비요양보호사의 직업의식 영향 요인 및 인식에 관한 연구

전상남(Sangnam Jeon),신학진(Hakgene Shin) 한국보건복지학회 2009 보건과 복지 Vol.11 No.-

Objectives. This study aimed at exploring factors and perception influencing job value of caregiver trainees who are classified as health group, welfare group and newcomer in terms of their previous educations. Methods. For the empirical study, we exploited the convenient sampling and collected 138 questionnaires from caregiver trainees in Jeonju city. The data was analyzed by the cross-tabulation with χ2 to examine the differences among groups and the multiple regressions to find factors and perception influencing to job value. Results. First, we found differences in the reasons of attending the class among health, welfare, and newcomer groups. Second, for the reason to attaining caregiver job, newcomers thought economic reason and the health and the welfare groups responded self actualization. Third, the three groups want to branch out different occupational areas. Fouchh, it was appeared that the health and the newcomer considered 'fand y-like atmosphere' and the welfare group emphasized 'giving oppochuappees to perform one's capability' as the major factor for choosing a job. Last y idenpefied were the factors influencing perception of caregiver as a professional occupation. For the health group and the newcomer group, the belief of 'people should wnd ' respective y explained 7.5% and 3vi9% of the perception of caregiver as a professional occupation. For the welfare group, the belief of 'wnd ths social nomigation' explained 6s 6% of the perception of caregiver as a professional occupation(R2=63.6%). Conclusions. In general and common, three groups made certain level of differences in terms of the reasons for education, social obligation, dedication for work and professionalism. Therefore we suggest the education program for three caregiver trainee groups should be different in terms of curriculum and contents.

Comparison of Total RNA Isolation Methods for Analysis of Immune-Related microRNAs in Market Milks

Oh, Sangnam,Park, Mi Ri,Son, Seok Jun,Kim, Younghoon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Bovine milk provides essential nutrients, including immunologically important molecules, as the primary source of nutrition to newborns. Recent studies showed that RNAs from bovine milk contain immune-related microRNAs (miRNA) that regulate various immune systems. To evaluate the biological and immunological activity of miRNAs from milk products, isolation methods need to be established. Six methods for extracting total RNAs from bovine colostrums were adopted to evaluate the isolating efficiency and expression of miRNAs. Total RNA from milk was presented in formulation of small RNAs, rather than ribosomal RNAs. Column-combined phenol isolating methods showed high recovery of total RNAs, especially the commercial columns for biofluid samples, which demonstrated outstanding efficiency for recovering miRNAs. We also evaluated the quantity of five immune-related miRNAs (miR-93, miR-106a, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-451) in milk processed by temperature treatments including low temperature for long time (LTLT, 63℃ for 30 min)-, high temperature for short time (HTST, 75℃ for 15 s)-, and ultra heat treatment (UHT, 120-130℃ for 0.5-4 s). All targeted miRNAs had significantly reduced levels in processed milks compared to colostrum and raw mature milk. Interestingly, the amount of immune-related miRNAs from HTST milk was more resistant than those of LTLT and UHT milks. Our present study examined defined methods of RNA isolation and quantification of immune-specific miRNAs from small volumes of milk for use in further analysis.

금융제약 기업에 대한 정부 R&D보조금 정책의 투자 보완 효과 분석

이상남(Sangnam Lee),전현배(Hyunbae Chun),오윤정(Yunjung Oh) 한국혁신학회 2018 한국혁신학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 기업의 금융제약 정도에 따라 정부 연구개발 보조금 지원 시 투자 보완 효과에 차이가 있는지를 실증 분석하였다. 이에 따라 투자 보완 효과 및 금융제약을 반영할 수 있는 재원 변수를 오차수정모형에 포함하여 분석모델을 설정하였다. 분석 결과 금융제약이 있는 저연령 비상장 중소기업에서 정부보조금 지원 시 투자 보완효과가 나타났다. 즉, 정부 보조금 지원이 저연령 기업의 금융제약을 완화하고 자기부담 연구개발 투자를 증가시켰다. 정보비대칭성, 결과의 불확실성으로 인해 기업이 직면하는 금융제약은 정부의 연구개발 직접 지원을 이론적으로 정당화한다. 본 연구는 이러한 이론적 논의를 지지하는 실증적인 근거를 제시한다. 정책적으로 정부 보조금 지원 시 금융제약이 완화되는 기업 연령대에 보다 집중한다면 외부 민간 금융의 자금 유입 및 해당 기업의 추가 투자를 유발하여 정부 지원 효과를 더욱 제고시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. This research investigates whether the complementary effect of government subsidies is dependent on the financial constraints of firms. So This research uses the Error Corretion Model(ECM) including variables of financial constraints and government subsidies. It shows that young, unlisted, hightech SMEs have the release of financial constraints and complementary effect when they receive the government subsidies. This result supports the financial constraints theory that justifies government subsidies on R&D firms. In R&D policy this result suggests if government subsidies focuses more on financially constrained young, unlisted, hightech SMEs, it would induce more private investment, firms’ own R&D investment and improve the efficiency of public funds.

러시아의 유라시아 전략과 한·러 협력 - 지방자치단체 간 경제협력을 중심으로 -

Park, Sangnam 사단법인 코리아컨센서스연구원 2019 Analyses & alternatives Vol.3 No.1

This study suggests that Korea - Russia economic cooperation, which has been sluggish in the meantime, should be revitalized as a small, medium sized business that can be practiced at the local level of both countries. Some large scales of national projects were difficult to realize due to some internal and external factors. Therefore, if Russia's Far East region of the complementary economic structure with the Korea's Gyeonggi Province of Korea could form the basis of cooperation by centering on SMEs, it further can be positive for promoting cooperation among South Korea, North Korea and Russia. The trilateral cooperation among two Koreas and Russia is necessary for the balance of political and economic powers in the East Asia. China's retaliation case regarding THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) clearly showed that the greater the economic dependence on a particular country, the more threatening it could be. Therefore, it is important for the political and economic security to keep the balance by diversifying economic cooperation counterparts. As China's influence in the global economy grows, building value chains for mutual prosperity with various neighboring countries is gaining great importance. To this end, this paper examined Russia's Eurasian Strategy, New East Policy, and Far East Development Policy which were designed to seek the way to establish Russia's independent economic zone not absorbed by Europe and China.

미국 만성질환자가관리프로그램(CDSMP)의 성공 사례와 국내 적용가능성

안상남(SangNam Ahn),김건엽(Keon Yeop Kim),Marcia G. Ory,나윤주(Yoon Joo Na),김기수(Ki Su Kim) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2014 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.31 No.4