포스트담론 이후 ‘청산’과 ‘지양’의 문제 : ‘총체성’과 ‘사물화’ 담론을 중심으로

변상출 ( Byeun¸ Sang-chul ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative theories after post-discourse. In the West, postmodernism has been in full swing since the Revolution of 1968. It was both an expression of new sensibility and a criticism of Logocentrism and rationalism. The postmodernism, which began with the revolution in 1968, opposes the universalism centered on reason, and expresses a variety of sensibilities and desires. These include sex, religion, race, culture, art, etc. In short, postmodernism put multiplicity and pluralism as its first value. But the global economy is also more polarized after the postdiscourse. After the grand discourse of Marxist materialism attacked by post-discourse disappeared, individuals are losing their freedom, not enjoying more freedom in the place. The governing methods of global capitalism in the 21st century are more subtle and thorough. Now it seems necessary to bring the concept of totality and objectification into people's memories. Of course, this evocation is based on the concept of dialectical Aufhebung. The significance of this paper is to bring back the concept of ‘Verdinglichung’ and ‘Totalität’ that has been forgotten from our consciousness into the field of the problem.

E. P. 톰슨의 알튀세르 비판의 때늦은 현재성

변상출 ( Byeun¸ Sang-chul ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2013 영어권문화연구 Vol.6 No.2

This study aims at examining the current meanings of Edward Palmer Thompson’s criticism of Louis Althusser. Althusser is a marxist philosopher who burst upon Korea in the early 1990s, the period of the crisis of Marxism through the breaking down of real socialism in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union. He was considered a key figure who could secure the transformation of Marxism from the crisis of Marxism through, for example, his key concepts such as ‘relative autonomy’, ‘overdetermination’, ‘ideological state apparatus’, ‘ideological interpellation’, ‘theoretical practice’ which played the important roles in expanding the spectrum of traditional Marxism. Thompson, however, did not embrace and even reject Althusser's concepts. He insists that the idea penetrating every Althusser's concept including ‘theoretical practice’ is the denial of a ‘subject’ as a human ‘agent’, which can be expressed in Althusser's remark on history as “the process without a subject”. For Thompson, Althusser's fatal problem comes not only from the denial of a subject, but also mainly from his theoretical reductionism where everything has resolved within the boundary of ‘theoretical practice’. In this reductionism, Thompson detects “Stalinism reduced to paradigm of theory”. He characterizes it as ‘structuralism of stasis’. In this structuralism, he continues to secure the concepts structuralism denies, such as ‘historicism’, ‘empiricism’, and ‘moralism’. Thompson insists that Althusser confines vivid human life, experience, and morals to the theoretical frameworks so that there is not a ‘blade of human aspiration’, which means the denial of a subject. In his book, The Poverty of Theory, he criticizes bitterly Althusser's exclusion logic of subject in history. In this process, he impliedly emphasizes the return of subject and the dialogue with subject, resulting in the restoration of a ‘blade of human aspiration’ withered by complicate control mechanism. It has been a half generation since the attack of New Liberalism in this country. As Postists vaguely warns, it seems that subjects of substantial discourses has disappeared. The shades of world market system is overwhelming everywhere. Despite the desperate situation, we cannot give up a ‘blade of human aspiration’. Thompson's continuous trials of reviving a subject and a ‘blade of human aspiration’ stand for his nowness in the present.

혁명과 법치주의 -1917년 페트로그라드 임시법원(временный суд)을 중심으로-

박상철 ( Park¸ Sang-chul ) 한국서양사학회 2021 西洋史論 Vol.- No.150

1917년 2월 혁명이 끝나가던 3월 3일에 새로운 법무장관 케렌스키는 페트로그라드의 치안 판사들에게 새로운 형태의 법원, 즉 치안 판사가 노동자와 병사 대표들과 함께 재판하는 임시법원을 조직하라는 명령 2호를 발표하였다. 이런 조치의 원인과 배경에는 당시 “끓어올랐던 혁명운동”과 함께, “임시정부와 노동자 및 병사대표 소비에트의 상호관계” 이외에 2월 혁명 중에 대중들의 자의적인 행동들을 규제하고 법치를 재확립해야 한다는 케렌스키와 주변 인물들의 신념, 국민의 합리적 판단 능력에 대한 믿음, 그리고 계층 간의 의견 차이를 쉽게 극복할 수 있을 것이라는 낙관적인 전망이 존재하였다. 임시법원 내에는 법치를 옹호하는 유산계층의 대표인 치안판사와, 혁명적 사회변화를 열망하는 하층 주민들을 대변하는 노동자-병사 배석판사 사이에는 갈등과 충돌의 가능성이 존재했다. 따라서 혁명적 분위기가 가라앉으면서 임시법원은 곧 ‘법치주의’에 근거한 비판에 직면하게 되었다. 사회 여론, 특히 법률가 사회의 비판적인 여론 속에서 결국 7월 24일에 ‘임시 시 두마’에서 치안 판사 선거가 이뤄짐에 따라 트로그라드에서 임시법원은 폐지되고 치안 법원이 복원되었다. 이렇듯 임시법원의 등장과 폐지는 ‘혁명’과 ‘법치’의 긴장 관계를 보여준다. 2월 혁명 때 민중들은 ‘혁명’의 이름으로 자신들의 자의적인 활동을 정당화했으며 구체제의 모든 법률을 부정하였다. 이에 케렌스키는 법치를 재확립하기 위해, 즉 민중들을 법치의 영역으로 끌어들이기 위해 그들의 대표를 임시법원에 참여시켰다. 그런데 임시법원, 특히 노동자-병사 배석 판사들은 구체제의 법률이 아니라 ‘양심’, 즉 그들의 상식적인 판단에 따라 판결하였고, 때때로 혁명 이전에 여러 법률로 보호받았던 유산계층의 기득권을 위협하였다. 그 결과 임시법원은 ‘법치’를 내세운, 즉 기존 법률에 근거한 재판을 요구하는 법률가들의 공격을 받았고 결국 계층 간의 갈등이 첨예해지던 상황에서 서둘러 폐지되었다. 달리 말하자면, 임시법원은 구체제의 법률에 대해 민중들이 느꼈던 거리감을 치안 법원의 개편을 통해 극복하려는 케렌스키 등의 낙관적인 시도였지만, ‘법치’를 내세운 법률가들의 공격에 직면하여 실패하였다. 그렇다면 1917년 혁명기에 임시법원을 둘러싼 논쟁에서 ‘양심’(또는 ‘혁명’)과 ‘법치’는 결국 지향해야 할 초계급적인 가치라기보다는, 유산계층과 하층 민중들 사이의 계급투쟁을 함축하고 있는 명분 또는 기치로 전락했으며, 이는 2월 혁명 이후 새로운 러시아 사회가 국민 대다수의 지지를 받을 수 있는 새로운 법치주의를 확립하지 못했음을 의미할 것이다. On March 3, 1917, A. F. Kerensky, the new minister of justice, ordered judges of peace to organize Provisional Courts where they could try with representatives of workers and soldiers. The cause of this measure was not only the revolutionary situation and “the interrelationship between the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet, but also Kerensky’s effort to regulate arbitrary actions of masses and re-establish the rule of law, his optimistic view that people had rational judgment ability, and that differences of opinion between classes could be easily overcome. Provisional Courts could have conflicts between judges of peace who advocated the rule of law and worker-soldier judges who represented lower classes. Therefore, Provisional Courts soon faced criticism of lawyers who advocated the ‘rule of law’. On July 24, with the election of judges of peace in a Provisional City Duma, Provisional Court was abolished. As such, the introduction and abolition of provisional courts showed tension between ‘revolution’ and ‘rule of law’. During the February Revolution, people justified their arbitrary activities in the name of “revolution” and denied all laws of the old regime. To reestablish the rule of law, Kerensky enlisted their representatives in Provisional Courts. In other words, Provisional Courts were aware of the optimistic attempt by Kerensky to overcome the distance people felt from old laws. However, the attempt failed in the face of attacks by lawyers who advocated the “rule of law.” Thus, the debate over Provisional Court ‘conscience’ (or ‘revolution’) and ‘rule of law’ is not about superclass’ values to be pursued, but rather a slogan of class struggle. It meant that the new Russian society after the February Revolution failed to establish a new rule of law that would win the support of the majority of the people. (Chonnam National University / sachpak@chonnam.ac.kr)

Universal Health Coverage and Promotion of Gender Equity: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Sangchul Yoon 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2017 한국여성정책연구원 세미나자료 Vol.2017 No.7

중국 보안서비스산업의 운영실태 및 제도정착 방안

Sangchul Lee 한국재난정보학회 2014 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.4

중국은 개혁개방이후 경제의 발전과 치안환경 변화에 따라 안전서비스영의 변화와 사회치 안제도의 변화를 수반하게 되어 보안서비스산업이 날로 증가하고 이에따른 문제도 증가를 하고 있는 실정이다. 중국의 보안서비스 시장경제가 활성화 되려면, 우선 보안서비스에 대한 공안기관의 독점을 취 소해야 하고 전람, 전시판매, 문체, 상업 등 활동의 안전보위와 각 종 안전기술 방범상품의 연구개발, 확충과 응용, 안전기술 방범계통 공정의 접속과 그에 상 응한 기술업무의 제공과 보안서비스 업무영역의 확충이 요구 된다. 그리고 보안회사의 행정관리권, 재산권과 경영관리권의 분리를 실행하고 보안본사는 완전 히 시장요구에 따라 각종 자원에 대하여 최적화를 위해 통합조정하며 권리와 소속 관계를 명확히 하고, 경영관리가 통일되고, 자원이 최적화되어 함께 나눌 수 있는 기업실체를 건립 하여 보안서비스 시장에서 경쟁력을 향상시켜야 한다. 또한 이제 시행된 중국의 보안서비스조례를 현실적으로 적용하고 진정한 보안서비스 시장 경제를 활성화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 연구하여 보안서비스 관련 각종 조례를 정비하여 보안 서비스 업무의 특성에 맞도록 정비하여야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 중국은 공안과 보안서비스의 상호협력체계를 구축함에 있어서 공안기관은 보 안서비스가 범죄예방과 사회질서 유지에서의 중요성과 보안서비스회사의 지위를 승인해 주고 보안서비스에 대한 일방적인 지휘와 관리체제에서 벗어나 양자의 동반자 관계를 확립 하고 아직 초보발전단계에 있는 보안서비스업을 긍정적인 태도로 발전 시켜야 한다. With the changing safety services and social order systems accompanied by the economic development and changing public security environment since the Chinese economic reform, the security service industry in China is growing daily and related problems are increasing. For the Chinese security service market to be activated, the monopoly of security services by the public security agencies must be removed. In addition, the research and development, expansion, and applications of safety and crime prevention technologies regarding the safety and protection of exhibition, sales, culture, sports, commerce activities, combinations of safety technologies and crime prevention processes, the provision of relevant technical operations, and the expansion of security service areas are required. Furthermore, the administration rights, property rights, and business management rights of security companies must be separated, the security headquarters must be integrated and coordinated for optimization of various resources solely by market needs, and their rights and affiliation relations must be clear. Besides, the competitiveness of security companies in the security service market must be enhanced by unifying the business management, and optimizing and sharing their resources. The security service ordinances of China that have been implemented now must be applied realistically, methods to activate the true market economy for security services must be researched, and various ordinances related to security services must be realigned in line with the characteristics of security services. Finally, for the mutual cooperation system between public and private security services, the public security agencies must acknowledge the importance of private security services and the status of security service providers in crime prevention and social order maintenance. They must establish partnership relations with each other beyond the unilateral direction and management system for security services and drive with positive attitudes the security service industry which is still in its infancy

A Validation Method for Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations

Sangchul Lee 한국항공우주학회 2002 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.3 No.2

Establishment of hepatocellular cancer stem cell lines using reprogramming technique

Sangchul Yun,Dongho Choi,Seung Bum Lee 한국간담췌외과학회 2013 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.4

Adsorption Characteristics of Siloxane in Biogas

( Sangchul Nam ),( Kyung-mi Lee ),( Nam-hoon Lee ),( Kwang Beom Hur ),( Chae-young Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

Standardized Technique for Mouse Visual Phenotype

Sangchul Yoon,Soo-Jung Han,Hong Kyung Kim,Ho Sung Jung,Kwann Tae Park,Kyoung Yul Seo 한국실험동물학회 2015 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.8

Characterization and optimization of calorific value of low grade coal by statistical experiment and modelling

Sangchul Park,Qammer Zaib,Hung-Suck Park 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.2

The effects of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and airflow) on gross calorific value (GCV) and proximate analysis of low grade coal were systematically investigated. The factorial experiments were conducted according to the statistical experimental design. The results were empirically modeled, statistically tested, and experimentally verified to quantify the change in GCV and proximate analysis of coal directed by environmental factors. The GCV of the coal were most affected by the humidity followed by the temperature. The GCV was increased from 5,365 to 5,986 (kcal/kg) through the decrease in humidity from 80 to 29 (% R.H.) and increase in temperature from 28 to 36 (°C). This increase in GCV could be attributed to the decrease in moisture content of the coal from 16.2 to 7.1 (%). Also, the optimized environmental conditions were identified where GCV ≈ 6,000 kcal/kg of the coal could be obtained. This study can be helpful in (i) managing the variability in GCV of a coal at different places, environment, and weather conditions and, thereby, settling the disputes between buyers and sellers over its variability and (ii) in maintaining the optimum conditions to enhance the GCV of the low grade coal in the power plants.