최근 제주도 도심과 배경지점에서의 CO2 농도 변화 및 복사강제력 영향 연구

이수정 ( Soo-jeong Lee ),송상근 ( Sang-keun Song ),박연희 ( Yeon-hee Park ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

The spatial and temporal variations of CO2 concentrations and radiative forcing (RF) due to CO2 were examined at urban center (Yeon-dong) during 2010-2015 and background sites (Gosan) during 2010-2014 on Jeju Island. The RF at the two sites was estimated based on a simplified expression for calculating RF for the study period. Overall, annual mean CO2 concentrations at the Yeon-dong and Gosan sites have gradually increased, and the concentrations were higher at Yeon-dong (401-422 ppm) than at Gosan (398-404 ppm). The maximum CO2 concentrations at the two sites were observed in winter or spring, followed by fall and summer, with higher concentrations at Yeon-dong. The RF at Yeon-dong (annual mean of up to 0.70 W/m2 in 2015) was higher than that at Gosan (up to 0.46 W/m2 in 2014), possibly because of higher CO2 concentrations at Yeon-dong resulting from population growth and human activities (e.g., fossil fuel combustion). The highest monthly mean RFs at Yeon-dong (approximately 0.92 W/m2) and Gosan (0.52 W/m2) were observed in spring 2015 (Yeon-dong) and spring 2013 (Gosan), whereas the lowest RFs (0.17 and 0.31 W/m2, respectively) in fall 2011 (Yeon-dong) and summer in 2012 (Gosan).

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

당뇨병 백서의 부신 Glomerulosa세포에서 Angiotensin Ⅱ자극후 인지질분해효소 활성의 변화

성연아 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.1

연구배경: 당뇨병에서 흔히 고칼륨혈증과 대사성 산혈증을 초래 하는 저aldosterone혈증의 원인은 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않으나 혈중의 renin농도와 ACTH, K^+ 자극에 대한aldosterone의 분비는 다양하였으나 angiotensin Ⅱ(A Ⅱ)자극에 대한 aldosterone의 분비는 공통적으로 감소 되어 있다고 보고되었다. 그러나 이러한 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone분비 감소의 기전은 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 당뇨병을 유발시킨 백서에서 생체와 시험 관내 aldosterone분비의 변화양상을 관찰하고 AⅡ 자 극 aldosterone 분비의 감소가 세포막 신호전달계의 이 상에 의해 나타나는지 밝히기 위해 AⅡ 작용의 세포막 신호 전달계중 세포내칼슘증가와 PKC활성화에 중요한 PLC 및 PLD의 활성의 변화를 관찰하여 당뇨병에서 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone분비변화의 기전을 AⅡ의 신호 전달계중 인지질분해효소 활성화를 중심으로 밝히고 이러한 변호가 인슐린 치료에 의해 교정되는지 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법: Sprague-Dawley 백서를 정상대조군, streptozotocin으로 당뇨병을 유발시킨 군, 당뇨병 유발후 인슐린으로 혈당조절을 한 세군으로 분류하고 실험시작 2주후 회 생시켜 혈중 renin과 aldosterone을 측정하였다. 부신 glomerulosa세포를 분리한 후 시험관내에서 ACTH와 K^+ 자극 aldosterone 분비 반응의 변화 및 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone 분비 반응을 측정하였다. AⅡ 자극후 PLC 및 PLD의 활성을 반영하는 IP_3, PA,PEt, DAG를 측정하였다. 결 과: 1)당뇨병백서의 혈장 renin활성도와 aldsoterone 농도는 정상 대조군 및 인슐린으로 혈당을 조절한 군과 유 의한 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 2)당뇨병백서의 부신 glomerulosa세포의 기저상태, K^+, ACTH자극 aldosterone 분비는 정상대조군과 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), AⅡ자극 aldosterone의 분비가 정상대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다.(p>0.05). 3) AⅡ자극에의한 IP_3와 PA, PET, DAG의 생성은 세균간에 유의한 차이가 없었다.(p>0.05). 결 론: 당뇨병백신에서 부신 glomerulosa세포의 AⅡ자극 aldosterone분비가 감소되며 이러한 AⅡ자극 알도스테론 분비 변화는 인슐린의 치료에 의해 교정되고 PLC와 PLD 활성화후 산물의 생성이 정상군과 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 phospholipase의 활성화이후의 신호 전달체계의 결함에 의할 것으로 생각되었다. Objectives : Diabetic patients develop hypoaldosteronism which frequently caused hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis and diabetic hypoaldosteronism is associated with selective unresponsiveness of aldosterone to angiotensin Ⅱ(AⅡ), but mechanism of defect in AⅡ stimulated aldosterone response still remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of defect in AⅡ stimulated aldosterone response and whether the defect was corrected by insulin treatment. author evaluated the responses of aldosterone production to AⅡ, K^+ and ACTH. I also evaluated the products of phospholipase C(PLC) and phospholipase D(PLD) activation important for increase of intracellular calcium and protein kinase C activation after AⅡ activation in adrenal glomerulosa cells prepared from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods : Two weeks after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The aldosterone production to AⅡ, K^+ and ACTH was measured by RIA. Inositol triphosphate(IP_3) and diacylglycerol(DAG) generated by activation of PLC and phosphatidic acid(PA), phosphatidylethanol(PEt) and DAG generated by activation of PLD were measured by anion exchange column and thin layer chromatography. Results : 1) Plasma renin activity and aldosterone level were not different among control rats, untreated and insulin treated diabetic rats. 2) basal, ACTH and K^+-stimulated aldosterone production were similar in cells from the three groups(p>0.05), but AⅡ stimulated aldosterone production was significantly decreased in cells from untreated diabetic rats compared with control and insulin treated diabetic rats(p<0.05). 3) AⅡ-induced IP_3, PA, PEt and DAG generation was similar among the three groups(p>0.05). Conclusion : These results suggested that decreased AⅡ-stimulated aldosterone response was present in glomerulosa cells from strepzptocin induced diabetic rats and reversed by insulin treatments. The main defect of altered AⅡ response of zona glomerulosa might be located in the step distal to the activation of phospholipase.

치 위생사들의 수행업무 실태조사 : 보건소 및 보건지소를 중심으로

성정희,정연강 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 1997 중앙간호논문집 Vol.1 No.2

This study is performed to find the current trends and the desired roles of dental hygienists who are working at the public health centers or it's branches in Korea and to suggest the ideal roles of public health dental hygienists as from dental assisting at present to playing the roles of preventive dentistry affairs in the future. 242 dental hygienists who were working at the public health centers were joind for this study with questionare method and be asked such points as the situations that they are working, present roles they are doing and the desirable roles that they want. The obtained results are as folliwings. 1. 65.8% of dental hygienists were working at the dental clinic of the public health centers and 25.6% of dental hygienists were proved that they were doing the indifferent jobs for dental hygienists. 2. The main role of the public health dental hyginist was rerealed the chairside dental assisting at presnt, and 35.7% of them desired to take a role of preventive dentistry works and 37.2% of them hope to task the oral health education at primary schools. 3. The most of public health dental hygienists deired to focus taking such roles as fluoride mouthrinsing program, oral health education, toothbrushing instruction, pit & fissure sealing, management of school dental clinic and oral health survey, even though they had not been performing the works so much.

CORE 편포의 세탁에 따른 열적 특성의 변화

성수광,김연희,권오경 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1992 연구논문집 Vol.45 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of thermal properties such as warmth retaining and contact warm/cool feeling of a core knitted fabric by repeated washing. Three kinds of knitted fabric such as core, polyester/cotton(P/C), and cotton were repeatedly washed, and then used as specimen. Thermo Labo Ⅱ type was employed to measure the thermal properties of warmth retaining and contact warm/cool feeling. And also, the experimental results were analysed statistically to related the thermal properties and structural properties such as thickness, weight, bulk density, porosity, cover factor, and air permeability. The results are as follows. 1. The warmth retaining and the contact warm/cool feeling were remarkably changed at early washing, and after further washing no changes occured. The change rate of the materials to repeated washing was in the order of cotton>P/C>core knitted fabrics. 2. In case the knitted fabric of the same thickness and of the same weight have been considered, the warmth retaining was in the order of P/C>core cotton knitted fabrics. And also, the contact warm/cool feeling was in reverse order of the warmth retaining. 3. The warmth retaining showed positive correlation with thickness, weight, porosity, and cover factor and negative correlation with bulk density, and air permeability. And also, the contact warm/cool feeling showed an opposite trend to the warmth retaining 4. The warmth retaining and the contact warm/cool feeling were expected by measuring the structural properties such as thickness, weight, bulk density, porosity, cover factor, and air permeability according to the obtained regression equation.

남녀대학생들의 성에 대한 지식,태도,경험과 상관변인에 관한 분석 연구

성영자,정연강 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

The purpose of this study is to measure the knowledge and attitudes of sexuality of the students. The subject for this paper were 144 college students from C university and D university, locating in Seoul. For the study, it is used the Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Test(SKAT) which was designed by Lief and Reed and revised by Ebert. The sexual knowledge items are composed of 8 areas; relation, development, action, stimulation, orgasm, motivation, reaction, and body image. The attitudes items are composed of 4 areas; Heterosexual relation, sex education, autoeroticism, and abortion. The sexual experiences items are composed of 6 areas; experience, self-conscious, worth-constitution, permit, masturbation, and adjustment. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The first period to learn the knowledge of sexuality is junior school 61.8%, primary school 20.1%, senier school 15.3%, and college 2.8%. 2. The majority respendents learn from their friend 67.4%, from teachers 13.2%, from parents 8.3%, and other's 11.1%. 3. To get the knowledge, they use the dictionary and expert magazine 48.6%, monthly magazine 27.8%, weekly magazine 9.0%, ratio, T.V. 8.3%, and newspaper 6.3%. 4. Sexual knowledge marks 1.529 in maximum level 2.0 Sexual stimulation was highest level(1.651) in sexual knowledge area. The correlation in sexual stimulation and sex(p<0.001) grade (p<0.001) was statistically significant. Sexual relation and sex(p<0.01), grade(p<0.001) was statistically significant. Artificial conception and sex(p<0.001), grade(p<0.01) was statistically significant. 5. Attitude marks 3.070 in maximum level 5.0. Abortion was highest level 3.224 in attitude area. Sex, and age use statistically significant(p<0.05) in masturbation. Abortion in sex grade and age was no significant(p>0.05). 6. Experience marks 1.573 in maximum level 5.0. Degree of conservation was highest level 2.458 in experience area. Conservatism and sex(p<0.001), grade(p<0.001), age(p<0.05) was statistically significant. Sexual experience in sex(p<0.001), grade(p<0.001), and age(p<0.001) was statistically significant. Masturbation frequency in sex(p<0.001), grade(p<0.01), and age(p<0.05) was statistically significant. 7. In stepwise multiple regression, grade 7.5% among knowledge, age 2.7% among attitude, sex37.1% age 6.3% and mother's educational background 1.8% among experience were possible to explain.

18세기의 유희음악 : 디베르티멘토(Divertimento) Divertimento

연상춘 이화여자대학교 음악연구소 2001 이화음악논집 Vol.5 No.-

Die Zeit um 1720/30 ist in der europa¨ischen Musikgeschichte eine Umbruchszeit, die dann ungefa¨hr um die Zeit von 1780, also der sogenannten klassischen Zeit ihren Ruhepunkt gelangt. In der Musikgeschichte ist diese Umbruchszeit im Sinne von U¨bergangszeit als "Vorklassik" bezeichnet. Diesen Umbruch herbeifu¨hrende hauptursache aber war u. a. eine politisch-soziale. Weg von der hauptsa¨chlich unter der barocken "ancien re'gime" getragenen kulturellen Form wird jetzt die von der bu¨rgerlichen zum Vordergrund geru¨ckt. Im musikalischen Gebiet fand diese neue Stilwandlung u. a. in der instrumentalen Musik ihre haupta¨uBerung. Die neue Tradition der Instrumentalmusik wird nun in Gang eingestzt. Dies ermo¨glichender Hauptta¨ger war die Gattung "Divertimento". Trotz dieser geschichtlich wichtigen Stellungsnahme des Divertimentos ist es in der Musikgeschichtsschreibung bis vor kurzem viel zu sehr musikalisch abseits behandelt. Ru¨ckblickend kann man sagen, daB dies - auch zumindest um die Pha¨nomene der klassischen Musik kla¨ren zu ko¨nnen - nicht richtigen Weg war. Dafu¨r war die Art der Musik viel zu wichtig. Viele neulich stattfindende wissenschaftliche Diskussionen sagen dies. Der Zielpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung war also diese spezifische Gattungsgeschichte Divertimentos der vorklassischen Zeit unter mo¨glichst vielfa¨ltigen Aspekten aufzuzeigen, um dann hieraus u¨ber das Pha¨nemen desselben ein anna¨hrendes Bild zu machen. Hierfu¨r ist die Arbeit groB in drei Sachgebiete eingeteilt, und schrittweise vorangegangen: Zuna¨chst wurden Fragestellungen angesammellt, Untersuchungsfeld angegrenzt und u¨ber vorla¨ufige Forschungsstand berichtet. Im na¨chsten Schritt - d. i. theoretischer Teil dr Untersuchung - wurde dann damalige musikalische Entwicklung betreff des Divertimentos nach geographisch gegebenen Lagen getrennt beobachtet, und hierauf die "Unterhaltungsmusik des 18. Jahrhunderts" zu definieren versucht. SchlieBlich im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurde mit bisher sich crgabenden Ergebnissen zusammen um die Sache des Divertimentos zu definiten unternommen. Dabei sind anhand der Quellen aus 18. Jahrhundert und neulichen Untersuchungsergebnissen mo¨glich alle Arten der Divertimento - Musik, also wie Serenade, Notturno, Cassation, Pattia, - diesmal im gattungsspezifischen Sinne - Divertimento nach deren Funktion, musikalischen Inhalt und der Stil aufzuzeigen versucht. Es ergab bzw. besta¨tigte sich daraus, daB diese Gattung Divertimento ein typischer instrumentaler Vertreter der vorklassischen Zeit anzusehen ist und daru¨ber hinaus nicht im allgemeinen Sinne auf der europa¨ischen Ebene, sondern besonders im su¨dlichen katholischen Teil der Europa gepflegt wurde. Also sie war in diesem Sinne sozusagen eine geographisch begrenzte Teitendenz, die in der U¨bergangszeit besonders im o¨sterreichischen Raum a¨uBerst beliebt gepflegt war, mit einer starken sozialcn Funktion, Die Musik, die ausschlieBlich instrumental ist, wurde zumeist in Klein-Besetzumgen aufgefu¨hrt. Hauptstilmerkmal ist u. a. eine Einfachheit und Versta¨ndlichkeit, wobei zur akustischen Unterhaltung auch kontrapunktische Arbeitsweise angewendet werden konnte. Viele Arten von Divertimento wie Serenade, Nottumo, Cassacion und nochmals Divertimento - in diesem Sinne ist Divertimento also ein Sammelbegriff deratigen Musik zu verstehen - sind andereseites in dieser Gestalt besonders fu¨r die damaligen angehenden Komponisten als ein beliebt musikalisches Experimentsfeld fungiert. Erst durch diese vielmalige Versuchen und dialektischen ProzeB auch mit der gegnerischen musikalischen Stellungsnahme war daraus der klassische kammermusikalische Stil hervorgegangen.

화학적 활성화로 제조한 비산회 흡착제의 중금속 흡착 특성

연익준,박상찬 忠州大學校 2005 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.40 No.2

This research was performed to investigate the utilization of fly ash as an adsorbent for effective disposal by recycling of fly ash generated from power plant. The adsorption characteristics of this adsorbent was also studied through the analysis of specific surface area, and removal of heavy mctal ions. The specific surface area of the adsorbent added to 10% Na_(2)SO_(4) at 800℃ was about 2.5~4.0 ㎡/g, which was 8~13 times higher than fly ash. The adsorption of activated charcoal and the manufactured adsorbent at 500 Pb^(2+) ㎎/L at pH 3 were 5.29 ㎎/g and 46.5 ㎎/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of the manufactured adsorbent was about 8.8 times as high as that of activated charcoal, but it was lower for Cu and Cd than activated charcoal.

원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획

이상진,김기수,강영조,조승래,홍순연 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

문화재란 문화가치가 있는 사물로서 국가 가 종교적·세속적 근거에 따라 특별히 지정 한 재산이다. 문화재는 그것이 구현하는 정신적 가치와 시각적 음향적으로 표현하는 수단으로서 그 나라의 독특하고, 다양한 주체성을 보존하는 중요한 매체이기도 하다. 그러므로 문화재는 한나라의 민족역사와 문화로서 과거의 모습을 통해 현재 그리고 나아가 미래를 연결시키는 하나의 매개체인 것이다. 또한 문화재는 그 지역민에게 향토사적 인 자긍심 및 연대의식을 고취시키는 동시에 나아가 한 나라, 세계적인 관심사로 여겨 야 할 것이다. 원적산 봉수대는 양산군청 소재지에서 북쪽으로 약 9.2㎞, 통도사입구 마을인 신평에서 남쪽으로 8㎞지점에 있다. 이 봉수대는 경상남도 기념물 제 118호로써 원적산봉수대 보존회에 의해 복원된 문화재이다. 즉 다른 지역의 문화재와 달리 잊혀 져가는 문화재의 재생을 통해 다시 태어난 문화재인 것이다. 원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획의 목적 은 지역민의 자긍심으로 복원된 봉수대와 주 변과 접근로를 체계적으로 정비를 함으로써 접근성, 전통성, 보존성을 높이고자 한다. 특히, 문화재보호를 위한 제반 법규 및 현지여건에 부합하는 정비방향을 설정하고, 전문 인력과 관련문헌을 바탕으로 문화재 주변을 역사성과 주민친화성, 기능성, 관광성을 함께 갖춘 문화공간으로서의 미래지향적 문화재정비 계획을 추구하고자 한다.

어머니의 결혼만족도 및 양육행동과 아동의 능력(competence)발달과의 관계

박성연 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.61 No.2

Recently, arguments have been forwarded regarding the significance of martial quality in investigating the family context of early childhood development. The current study examines the associations among marital quality, parenting behavior, and childrens competencies. One hundred seventy eight mothers of preschool children served as subjects. Mothers completed the questionnaires concerning marital quality, parenting behavior, and childrens competencies. The main results were as follows: 1) Mothers marital quality appeared to be positively associated with mothers parenting behavior; Mothers who were happily married inclined to show more reasoning guidance, consistent limit setting an intimate behavior. 2) Mothers marital quality is positively related to childs competencies. 3) Among the selected demographic variables, childs sex and mothers education were the significant variable related to childs competencies. 4) Reasoning guidance, marital quality, childs sex, and intimacy were found to be most significant variables to predict the level of childs competencies. 5) Marital quality has not only direct association but also indirect association through parenting behavior with childs competencies. In conclusion, The hypothesis that good marital quality would be associated with good parenting and childrens competencies was generally supported by the data. Direct and indirect associations between the demographic variables (the mothers educational level and the childs sex), marital quality, parenting, and childs competencies are discussed.