알칼리성 폐수를 중화제로 사용하기 위한 처리방법 연구

구민희,이찬원,문성원 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 2002 환경연구 Vol.25 No.-

A cleansing wastewater which comes from operating water-purifying machine is classified as a strong alkaline wastewater. When this alkaline wastewater was directly applied to the neutralization of acidic wastewater, there were several problems such as increasing the coagulant amount, reaction time, and floating of sludge in the neutralizing tank. Thus, the goal of this study is to fix the problems in utilizing the alkaline wastewater as a neutralizing agent by introducing a new method to the first pre-treatment process. A cleansing wastewater was characterized by pH 12.3, COD 28mg/L, and SS 25mg/L. Without any treatment, there would be some difficulties in treating in the following physicochemical sewage treatment facilities. When seawater or bittern was added to the alkaline wastewater, the solids were coprecipitated with Mg(OH)₂. Use of alkaline wastewater after removing some contaminants and color made it possible to treat wastewater effectively and economically in the next step of wastewater treatment.

약자들의 구실 : 브레히트의 드라마 "사천의 선인"에서

구승모,정인모 釜山大學校 師範大學 1996 교사교육연구 Vol.32 No.-

Shen The ist nicht in der Lage, allein mit den gesellschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten umzugehen. Deshalb braucht sie eine fremde Hilfe, jedesmal wenn sie in die Notsituation gera··t. Diese fremde Hilfe kommt einmal aus den anderen, na··mlich Go··ttern. Jedoch u··berwindet sie meistens die notgedrungenen Situationen mit der Selbsthilfe, die unter der Maske von Shui Ta realisiert. Unter ihren sozialen Verhalten kann man verstehen, daβ das andere Ich von Shen Te hinter dem Veralten von Shui Ta versteckt bleibt. Bemerkenswert ist ihr auf die Ichbezogenheit gerichtetes Verhalten, jedesmal wenn Shen Te unter der Maske von Shui Ta auftritt. Inszeniert wird derartige Auftritt dreimal: Erstens, um ihren Tabakladen vor den armen Leute zu retten. Zweitens, um ihren vergangenen Traum zu erfu··llen, den Liebestraum, den sie als Prostituierte nicht erfu··llen konnte. Drittens, um des Reichtums willen, das sie unter der Vorwand der Zukunft ihres Kindes gewinnen will. So hat Shen The ihre alle Wu··nsche erreicht, die vergangene, gegenwa··rtige und zuku··nftige Wu··nsche. In der Maβe, in dem sie ihre versteckten Interessen gezeigt und in die Tat umgesetzt hat, ist zu schlieβen, daβ ihr Verhalten egozentrisch ist. Durch die Doppelrolle von Shen Te zeigt sich das widerspru··chliche Verhalten der sozialen Schwa··cheren deutlich. So hat Brecht vor dem Pla··doyer der sozial Unterlegenen gewarnt.

烏貝散이 HCI-aspirin 으로 유발된 십이지장궤양에 미치는 조직학적 영향

구세광,이형식,김종대,한상원,김상찬,이재현 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1999 基礎科學 Vol.3 No.-

오패산이 HCI-aspirin tm으로 유발된 rat 십이지장궤양에 미치는 조직학적 영향을 관찰하기 위하여, 오패산을 1,3 및 5일 동안 경구투여하고 십이지장의 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 실험 전 기간동안 대조군에서는 십이지장 융모의 위축과 붕괴가 관찰되었으며, 조직학적으로는 점막상피의 변성 및 탈락이 관찰되었고 점막고유층에서는 염증세포의 침윤(infilteration)의 소견이 관찰된 반면 오패산 투여군의 투여 1일에서는 대조군과 유사하게 관찰되었으나, 투여 3일후부터 점막상피의 첨부에서 경미한 카타르성 물질이 관찰된 이외에 정상군과 유사한 소견을 나타내었다. 이상에서 오패산이 십이지장궤양의 치유를 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. In order to study, the histological effects of Opeaesan on the duodenal ulcer induced by HCI-aspirin tm in rate, experiments were done by oral administration and observed histological profiles of the ulcerative lesions. Ulcerative lesions were unmerously detected in control groups especially in pylorus-duodenal junctions. Histologically, very severe injury to duodenal epithelium wer observed in control groups and these injuries were increased with time intervals. But in the Opaesan-administration groups, no gross lesion of ulcer were demonstrated and histologically minor injury to the mucosal epithelium were observed. Among the Opaesan treatment groups, most slight injuries to duodenal mucosa were detected in 5 days after administration when the histological profiles were similar to that of normal groups. According to these result, it is suggested that Opaesan should be used in treatment of the duodenal ulcer but the funcitonal mechanisms were unknown.

Holmium:YAG laser를 이용한 요관경하쇄석술의 초기 경험 : 기존의 쇄석술과의 결과 비교

구경완,노용수,김홍섭,양상국,나공찬 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2003 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Purpose: Holmium:YAG lasertripsy for the 33 patients with lower ureteral calculi compared the outcome with other results using Lithoclast and ultrasonic lithotripsy. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with symptomatic urinary calculi underwent Holmium:YAG lasertripsy from March 1999 to December 2000. Twelve patients were treated with Ultrasonic lithotripsy and twenty-one patients with Lithoclast lithotripsy from April 1997 to October 1999. All calculi of the above patients were located in their lower ureters. The size of ureter stones was ranged from 3.5 mm to 12 mm (mean 6.54 mm). Results: The age of the patients ranged was from 19 to 62 years (me~n 35.7 years). After a single ureteroscopic lasertripsy calculi were conlpletely cleared in 83 % of the cases for the patients with lower ureter calculi. The immediate complications of lasertripsy were gross hematuria, fever, and flank pain. However in the long term follow up (up to 3 months after the procedures) there were no further complications, such as, vesicoureteral reflux or ureteral stricture. In other two lithotripsies Lithoclast and Ultrasonic lithotripsy accomplished calculi were completely cleared in 71 % and 74 % of cases respectively. But Holmium:Y AG lasertripsy is cleared in 94 % effectiveness. Holmium:Y AG lasertripsy is more effective than two other methods compared by stratified analysis that unmasking from confounding factors such as impacted situation. Conclusions: Lasertripsy with Holmium:Y AG laser is considered effective and safe procedure for the lower urinary calculi lithotripsy (Ultrasonic, Lithoclast).

3종류의 탄화로에서 얻어진 죽초액의 특성

구창섭,문성필,박상범,권수덕 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.4

3종류의 국내산 대나무의 생재 및 기건재를 3종류의 탄화로에서 탄화시키고 얻어진 죽초액에 대하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 기계식 전용탄화로의 경우, 대부분 1단 회수 죽초액의 비중, 유기산 및 용해 타르 함량이 높았으나 2단 이상에서 감소하여 3단 이후에 일정해지는 경향을 나타내었으며 전체적으로는 기건재가 생재에 비해 이들 물성이 높게 나타났다. pH의 경우 맹종죽 기건재를 제오하고 생재가 기건재보다 높게 나타났다. 3성분합계는 비중, 유기산, 용해타르 함량과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 개량탄화로의 경우, 수종에 따라 전체 물성이 다양하게 나타났다. 간이탄화로에서 탄화시켜 연통온도 80℃로 얻어진 기건 죽초액의 경우 그 이상의 온도에서 얻어진 죽초액보다 비중, 용해타르 함량 및 3성분 합계가 높게 나타났다. 간이, 개량 및 기계식 전용탄화로에서 얻어진 죽초액의 비중은 온도, 수분함유 상태에 상관없이 유기산과 용해타르 함량의 합계와 0.90 정도의 높은 상관관계를 나타내어 앞으로 죽초액 품질 결정에 중요한 지표로 사용될 가능성이 시사되었다. 죽초액의 구성 유기성분의 경우 초산이 주성분이었으며, 리그닌의 열분해에 의하여 생성되는 guaiacyl 및 syringyl골격의 페놀류가 다량 검출되었다. Three different species of green and air-dried Korean bamboos were carbonized by using three different types of kilns designated as special (800∼1000℃), improved(600∼700℃) and simple kiln (400∼500℃), and the bamboo vinegars obtained from the carbonization processes were characterized. In the case of the special kiln most of the bamboo vinegars obtained at the first recovery stage showed high values of specific gravity and also in content of organic acid and water-soluble tar. The bamboo vinegars obtained from the improved kiln showed various physical properties depending on their species. In the case of simple kiln, the bamboo vinegars obtained from air-dried bamboos and at temperatures below 80℃, showed a higher specific gravity and more water-soluble tar as well as total organic components than those obtained at 80∼150℃. A good linear relationship (correlation coefficient of ca. 0.90) was obtained between the specific gravities and the sum of organic acids and water-soluble tars. Therefore, this correlation coefficient might be a good index to determine the quality of bamboo vinegars. The major chemical constituents of the bamboo vinegars were acetic acid and considerable amounts of phenols: guaiacol, ethyl guaiacol, syringol, and methyl syringol.

土壤栽培에 있어서 질소 및 칼리의 施肥水準이 오이의 生育, 收量 및 無機成分吸收에 미치는 影響

具禹書,權成煥,鄭淳宰,鄭景泰 東亞大學校 大學院 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Cucumbers were grown at 5 levels of Potassium and Nitrogen to stuudy the effect of N,k concentration on growth, yield and content of mineral elements. 1. Growth and yields were increased in N treatment with 16g per plant, and wrer increase in K treatment with 16me per liter. 2. The content of mineral elements of in leaves were higher N teatment than K treatment in content of T-N and Mg, and content of P was high in K treatment. 3. The content of mineral of petiole, fruit and Xyleme sap. were detected. The content in Xyleme sap, was most in N treatment all content expect of NO₃-N. NO₃-N and K were contented a lot in petiole Ca was contented a little in fruit. In K treatment, No-N and K were contented a lot in petiole, and the others were contented in Xyleme sap. Ca was contented a little in fruit. 4. The content of mineral in soil was detected in N and K treatment content of mineral was a little after than before treatment P while in case of P content was higher before treatment 5. absorption of water in cucumber plants was increased in N treatment with 8g per plants, while decreased in the K treatment 8 me per plant. The contents of chlorophyll was increased as the levels of Nitrogen was increased in N treatment, however, decreased on young leave as the level of Poassium was incresed in K treatment.

장기간 숙성에 따른 죽초 및 목초액의 이화학적 변화

구창섭,문성필,박상범,권수덕 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.4

졸참나무, 맹종죽 및 소나무로부터 제조한 미정제 죽초 및 목초액을 약 1년 간 저장하고, 이들의 이화학적 변화를 주기적으로 분석하였다. pH, 유기산·용해타르 함량 및 비중은 전 숙성기간 중 큰 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 색차의 경우 7∼10개월 사이에서 현저한 변화를 나타내었다. 또한 이 기간동안에 이들 죽초 및 목초액의 색깔은 연한 노랑 띤 오렌지색에서 자주색과 오렌지색으로 크게 변화하였다. 죽초 및 목초액 중 유기산 및 중성 성분(dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-cyclopenten-3-one, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, methanol)들의 함량은 3개월 간격으로 주기적인 증감을 나타내었다. 특히 유기산류와 중성 성분들의 관계는 0.92 정도의 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 페놀류의 함량은 비록 유사한 주기적인 증감이 관찰되었으나, 그 함량의 경우 숙성 전 기간에 걸쳐 감소하였다. Three different kinds of the crude vinegars obtained from oak(Quercus serrata), bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens) and pine(Pinus densiflora) species were stored for approximately one year and periodically analyzed to monitor their physicochemical changes. Small changes in physical properties, such as the pH, specific gravity and amount of organic acids as well as water-soluble tar were observed in the entire course of aging period. However, the color difference of the vinegars showed a remarkable change between 7 and 10 months. In addition, these vinegars' colors changed from light yellowish orange to much deeper purple and orange during this period. The amount of organic acids and neutral compounds(dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-cyclopenten-3-one, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone and methanol) in the vinegars increased or decreased periodically every three months. A good linear relationship (correlation coefficient of ca. 0.92) was obtained between the amount of organic acids and the amount of neutral compounds in such changes. However, although the amount of phenols increased or decreased periodically, its amount was decreased over the entire aging period.

7분 선별검사(7 Minute Screen Test) 각 하위 척도의 임상적 유용성

구형모,김지혜,고선규,고혜정,이형석,김상윤,김도관 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : We aimed to provide standard data of the individual tests in 7MS that could generalized for Korean elderly accor-ding to age and education. We also evaluated diagnostic efFicacy of each test in 7MS. Methods : Data on demographic characteristics of 311 normals were gathered for comparison. We also assessed two differences between normal and dementia group in individual tests of 7MS. Results : All individual tests of 7MS showed significant differences in sex, age, and education, except for ECR. But there were no significant differences in sex controlling age and education. As a result of ROC curve, the ability of the ECR test to discriminate between AD and normal subject appeared superior. The scores of the individual tests of 7MS among CDR 0.5 and 1 group and normal group were compared. It was also found that the ECR test stands out among 7MS tests. Conclusion : The 7MS, Particularly ECR, had the highest sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of AD as well as early de-mentia. It suggests that the individual tests of 7MS are useful to predict early dementia, without using the complex logistic re-gression equation.

열린교육을 지향한 음악교육방법의 모색

구영수,화성인 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1998 初等敎育硏究 Vol.8 No.-

크로이츠펠트-야콥 병

구본대,신동익,한현정,나덕렬,,이상복 관동대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2005 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) is one of the fatal prion diseases. Diagnosis of CJD is mainly based on clinical symptomatology of established criteria, characteristic electroencephalogram, specific cerebrospinal fluid protein measurement, prion protein gene analysis, prion protein isoform detection, and neuropathology. But spongiform change of brain pathology is the only definitive diagnosis of CJD. Clinical symptomatology of CJD includes behavioral disturbances, progressive dementia, cerebellar, pyramidal, and extrapyramidal signs. Most patients show progressive myoclonic jerks that involve either limbs or the entire body. The approximate incidence of CJD is 1 per million and occurs as sporadic, familial and iatrogenic forms. Variant CJD has the strong possibility of cross species transmission between human and cow. It has some differences in clinical and pathological aspects from sporadic CJD. Protease resistant prion protein of scrape isoform may lead to diverse neuronal death in CJD. Recent advannces in CJD reveal that apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress may play an important role of CJD pathogenesis. There areseveral therapeutic trials in CJD but no therapeutic regimensshow effective results. Although there is much progression about CJD in recent days, a lot of things still remained to be reveled.