Studies on the Distillated - diethyl Ether Extracts of Rehmanniae Rhizoma

Park, Soo Keun,Cho, Yong Ho,Shinn, Sang Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1980 BMB Reports Vol.8 No.1

Three kinds of the distillated-diethyl ether extracts from the raw Rehmanniae Rhizoma, steam dried Rehmanniae Rhizoma and steamed Rehmanniae Rhizoma, for the chemical identification, was extracted by the Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The distillated-diethyl ether extracts of the three kinds Rehmanniae Rhizoma was easily identified in the spectral propertiies as the degree of optical density from ultraviolet range to visible region in the spectrophotometric method. For recognition of the spectral properties, the means of column chromatography was also performed. It was suggested from experimental results that the amount of the organic color compoLmd, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of the distillated-diethyl ether extracts in the steamed Rhemanniae Rhizoma is reduced during the steam distillating process. And the steamed Rehmanniae Rhizoma was found to be identified mainly in the optical density and the absorption ratio (E400㎚/E300㎚, E450㎚/E350㎚) from the raw and steam dried Rehmanniae Rhizoma.

표지된 황산염 유황의 유황단백질에 대한 이용에 관한 연구

이정희,전세열,신상주 ( Chung Hee Lee,Sea Yull Chun,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1971 BMB Reports Vol.4 No.1

Hinted by a symbiotic relationship between rumen microorganisms and host ruminant in utilization of inorganic sulfur compounds such as sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, an investigation was conducted to determine a similar symbiotic effect between ceacum microflora and host rabbit, for ammonium sulfate. Radioactivity of fecal emission was detected from the first day of administration but the radioactive compound (s) was not precipitated by barium chloride. A similar fact was found when the labelled sulfate-sulfur was administered by intraperitoneal injection. When urinary ejection was fractionated into 3 parts, namely, trichloroacetic acid precipitate, barium chloride precipitate and supernatant fractions, radioactivity was almost equally distributed into barium chloride precipitable and supernatant fractions with a minor beta-ray emission from TCA precipitated fraction. Radioactivity was detected in hairs of experimental subjects regardless the mode of drug administration. Our finding shows that angola rabbit possesses per se the capacity of such utilization independent to its ceacum microflora. Liver homogenates made 48 hours after the suspension of drug administrations showed no radioactive emission from its barium chloride precipitated fraction. Majorities of beta-ray emission was detected in the TCA precipitated fraction. A minor amount of count, detected from supernatant is interpreted as an evidence that in the liver, transformation of inorganic sulfate sulfur into other sulfur compound(s) is a pre-requisite for protein incorporation or other physiological or metabolic process. The results of in vitro test for microbial incorporation of labelled sulfate-sulfur show that when ceacum microflora are incubated under anaerobic conditions the microorganisms can incorporate the labelled element into their cellular protein. The capacity of doing so seems to be increased by a prolonged exposure to or contact with such compound expressed otherwise, they can be trained to do so.

Biochemical Studies on Ginseng(I) Effect of Dietary Ginseng on the Rate of Blood Ethanol Clearance

장이수,조용호,신상주,Chang, Ie-Soo,Cho, Yong-Ho,Shinn, Sang-Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1974 한국생화학회지 Vol.7 No.2

식이성 인삼을 저 단백성과 고 단백성 사료에 혼합한 먹이로 키운 흰쥐에 ethanol을 복강내 주사한 후 흡수된 혈액 ethanol의 제거율을 효소학적으로 측정하였다. ethanol을 복강내 주사하고 3.5시간 후에 혈액내의 잔여 ethanol을 측정하였던 바 식이성 인삼투여군이나 인삼과 30% casein 투여군에서 모두 차이가 없었으나 혈액내 주정 제거율은 암컷에서 우세하였다. 그러나 ethanol을 복강내 주사한 후 2시간에는 차이를 볼 수 없었고 성별에도 영향이 없었다. 간 homogenate 용액내의 alcohol dehydrogenase 활성은 in vitro 실험에서 숫컷군이 우세하였다. Upon feeding dried ginseng to rats on either low-protein or high-protein diet ethanol was administered intra peritoneally and disappearance rate of blood alcohol was enzymatically measured. In terms of residual blood alcohol after a time lapse of 3.5 hours between IP alcohol administration and blood withdrawal neither ginseng nor ginseng plus 40% casein did improve the rate of alcohol clearance but sexual difference was clearly demonstrated in favor of female rats. However this difference was no longer detectable in the case of blood with drawn only 2 hours after IP injection of alcohol neither the treatment nor sexual difference did influence the amount of blood alcohol. Liver homogenate alcohol dehydrogenase activity measured in terms of residual ethanol contents after in vitro reaction to which a known amount of alcohol was added clearly demonstrated a male superiority in alcohol clearance.

Biochemical Studies on Ginseng(IV) Effect of Dietary Intake of of Aqueous Red Ginseng By-product on Clearance Rate of Injected Ethanol in Rats

조정희,조용호,신상주,Cho, Jung-Hi,Cho, Yong-Ho,Shinn, Sang-Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1974 한국생화학회지 Vol.7 No.2

In the process of steam-dried ginseng manufacturing a quantity of aqueous by-product with a strong ginseng flavor is obtained and this by-product has been widely speculated for its commercial usage. When this by-product is added to a white liquor it smells and tastes like an ordinary commercial ginseng liquor. For these reasons the present experiment was conceived and carried out with rats to determine any effect of this by-product on the clearance rate of injected ethanol. It was found that this by-product did not influence the clearance rate of blood alcohol and had no more commercial value than other commercial soft drinks at most. 수삼을 중좌하여 홍삼을 제조하는 과정 중 다량의 증자수가 얻어진다. 이 수용액은 강한 인삼 향기를 지녔으며 따라서 그 상품화가 모색되고 있다. 그런데 이 수용액을 소주에 첨가하면 그 맛이 보통 인삼주와 갈아진다. 따라서 본 연구는 이 물질이 ethanol을 주입한 쥐의 ethanol 제거 속도에 대하여 어떤 효과가 있는지 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 실험결과 이 물질은 혈액 ethanol의 제거에는 아무 영향도 미치지 않으며 따라서 이 물질은 다른 시판 음료수와 별 차이가 없다는 결론을 짓게 한다.

인삼에 관한 생화학적 연구 ( 3 ) 식이성 인삼이 ethanol 을 투여한 쥐의 간장 비타민 A 함량에 미치는 영향

강병수,조용호,신상주 ( Byung Soo Kang,Yong Ho Cho,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1974 BMB Reports Vol.7 No.2

In the course of our previous trial it came to cur mind that a chronical administration of ethanol to rats might influence hepatic vitamin A content as a result of impaired liver function. Six groups of albino rats weighing on the average 110 grams each at the commencement of assay were fed with either basal diet of low protein content, basal diet plus 1 percent of dried ginseng or high protein diet plus 1 percent of dried ginseng and administered with ethanol either chronically or occasionally for a period of 4 weeks. Upon the photometric determination it was found that neither ginseng treatment nor high protein diet did influence hepatic content of vitamin A to any significant degree.

인삼에 관한 생화학적 연구 ( 1 ) 식이성 인삼이 혈액 주정의 제거율에 미치는 영향

장이수,조용호,신상주 ( Ie Soo Chang,Yong Ho Cho,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1974 BMB Reports Vol.7 No.2

Upon feeding dried ginseng to rats on either low-protein or high-protein diet ethanol was administered intraperitoneally and disappearance rate of blood alcohol was enzymatically measured. In terms of residual blood alcohol after a time lapse of 3.5 hours between IP alcohol administration and blood withdrawal neither ginseng nor ginseng plus 40% casein did improve the rate of alcohol clearance but sexual difference was clearly demonstrated in favor of female rats. However this difference was no longer detectable in the case of blood with drawn only 2 hours after IP injection of alcohol neither the treatment nor sexual difference did influence the amount of blood alcohol. Liver homogenate alcohol dehydrogenase activity measured in terms of residual ethanol contents after in vitro reaction to which a known amount of alcohol was added clearly demonstrated a male superiority in alcohol clearance.

Biochemical Studies on Ginseng(II) Effect of Dietary Ginseng on the Activities of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic and Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminases

김홍기,조용호,신상주,Kim, Hong-Ki,Cho, Yong-Ho,Shinn, Sang-Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1974 한국생화학회지 Vol.7 No.2

다량의 주정을 장기간 복용한다는 것은 비교적 단기간내에 간질환을 발생하지 않는다하여도 간의 정상적인 기능을 저해할 것이다. 인삼이나 또는 인삼과 고단백 식이가 장기 음주자의 간장을 보호하는 효과가 있는지를 구명하기 위하여 저단백 식이, 저단백 식이 및 1%의 인삼 그리고 고단백 식이 및 1%의 인삼을 급여한 쥐에 일정한 양의 ethanol을 정기적으로 또는 장기적으로 투여하고 혈청을 채취하여 혈청의 GPT와 GOT의 활성을 측정하였다. 인체와는 달리 혈청의 GOT 및 GPT 함량은 매우 높았으며 처리간이나 성별 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았으며 이는 인삼의 급여나 또는 고단백 식이 및 인삼의 급여가 ethanol로 처리한 쥐의 간장 기능에 대하여 어떠한 보호적 효과도 없음을 시사하는 것이다. A chronical intake of substantial amount of alcohol would distrupt a normal function of liver if not develop liver diseases in a relatively short period. In order to find out whether ginseng or ginseng plus high protein diet have any protective effects on the liver of chronical alcoholist from developing malfunction enzymatic activities of both glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases were measured on serum of rats maintained with basal low-protein diet, basal diet plus 1 per cent ginseng and high-protein diet (40%) plus 1 per cent ginseng and administered intraperitoneally with a constant amount of ethanol either periodically or chronically. It was found that, unlike human subject GOT and GPT contents were exceedingly high and no significant difference was found either among treatments or among sexes thus indicating that neither ginseng intake nor high-protein diet plus ginseng has any protective effect on the liver function of ethanol treated rats.

인삼에 관한 생화학적 연구 ( Ⅳ ) 식이성 홍삼 증자수가 쥐에 주입한 ethanol 의 제거 속도에 미치는 영향

조정희,조용호,신상주 ( Jung Hi Cho,Yong Ho Cho,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1974 BMB Reports Vol.7 No.2

In the process of steam-dried ginseng manufacturing a quantity of aqueous by-product with a strong ginseng flavor is obtained and this by-product has been widely speculated for its commercial usage. When this by-product is added to a white liquor it smells and tastes like an ordinary commercial ginseng liquor. For these reasons the present experiment was conceived and carried out with rats to determine any effect of this by-product on the clearance rate of injected ethanol. It was found that this by-product did not influence the clearance rate of blood alcohol and had no more commercial value than other commercial soft drinks at most.

인삼에 관한 생화학적 연구 ( 2 ) 식이성 인삼이 혈액 GPT 및 GOT 활성에 미치는 영향

김홍기,종용호,신상주 ( Hong Ki Kim,Yong Ho Cho,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1974 BMB Reports Vol.7 No.2

A chronical intake of substantial amount of alcohol would distrupt a normal function of liver if not develop liver diseases in a relatively short period. In order to find out whether ginseng or ginseng plus high protein diet have any protective effects on the liver of chronical alcoholist from developing malfunction enzymatic activities of both glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases were measured on serum of rats maintained with basal low-protein diet, basal diet plus 1 per cent ginseng and high-protein diet (40%) plus 1 per cent ginseng and administered intraperitoneally with a constant amount of ethanol either periodically or chronically. It was found that, unlike human subject GOT and GPT contents were exceedingly high and no significant difference was found either among treatments or among sexes thus indicating that neither ginseng intake nor high-protein diet plus ginseng has any protective effect on the liver function of ethanol treated rats.

A Study on the Incorporation of Sulfate-sulfur into Sulfur-containing Protein

이정희,전세열,신상주,Lee, Chung-Hee,Chun, Sea-Yull,Shinn, Sang-Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1971 한국생화학회지 Vol.4 No.1

고등동물에 있어서 황산염 유황의 단백질 전환은 소화관내에 기식하는 미생물의 도움으로만 가능한 것으로 알려져 있으나 본 실험에서는 고등 동물자체가 독자적으로 그와 같은 기능을 가졌는가를 구명하고져 반추초식덩물 아닌 토끼를 이용하여 표지된 황산염을 여러가지 방법으로 투여하여 그것이 단백질 합성에 이용됨을 구명하였고 토끼가 그와 같은 능력을 독자적으로 지녔음을 확인하였다. 각 기관에 있어서의 방사능 분포 상태도 아울러 조사하였다. Hinted by a symbiotic relationship between rumen microorganisms and host ruminant in utilization of inorganic sulfur compounds such as sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, an investigation was conducted to determine a similar symbiotic effect between ceacum microflora and host rabbit, for ammonium sulfate. Radioactivity of fecal emission was detected from the first day of administration but the radioactive compound(s) was not precipitated by barium chloride. A similar fact was found when the labelled sulfate-sulfur was administered by intraperitoneal injection. When urinary ejection was fractionated into 3 parts, namely, trichloroacetic acid precipitate, barium chloride precipitate and supernatant fractions, radioactivity was almost equally distributed into barium chloride precipitable and supernatant fractions with a minor beta-ray emission from TCA precipitated fraction. Radioactivity was detected in hairs of experimental subjects regardless the mode of drug administration. Our finding shows that angola rabbit possesses per se the capacity of such utilization independent to its ceacum microflora. Liver homogenates made 48 hours after the suspension of drug administrations showed no radioactive emission from its barium chloride precipitated fracton. Majorities of beta-ray emission was detected in the TCA precipitated fraction. A minor amount of count, detected from supernatant is interpreted as an evidence that in the liver, transformation of inorganic sulfate sulfur into other sulfur compound (s) is a pre-requisite for protein incorporation or other physiological or metabolic process. The results of in vitro test for microbial incorporation of labelled sulfate-sulfur show that when ceacum microfiora are incubated under anaerobic conditions the microorganisms can incorporate the labelled element into their cellular protein. The capacity of doing so seems to be increased by a prolonged exposure to or contact with such compound expressed otherwise, they can be trained to do so.