영어 5형식 구문에서의 주어

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2015 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.50 No.-

There are many kinds of phrases that can be Subjects in English. Subjects can be realized by various classes of groups and clauses: nominal group, finite clause, non-finite clause, anticipatory it + extraposed finite or non-finite clause, prop it, presentative there + postposed NP, prepositional group, adverbial group, and adjectival group.

中間 痕迹 考察

박승혁 이화여자대학교 부설 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.60 No.1

The existence of intermediate traces (especially of A´-intermediate traces) is not entirely obvious even though they have played a non-trivial role in the development of Government and Binding Theory. The Subjacency Condition, which is assumed to be one of the principles of UG, does not seem to make the establishment of intermediate traces unavoidable, if the condition is viewed as a condition on movement rather than on representation. A similar conclusion may be drawn from the consideration of the Empty Category Principle, which has also been assumed to be one of the principles of UG. Nonetheless, the intermediate trace (even of arguments) that participates in establishing a chain connection between an operator and a variable can be represented at LF if we adopt Rizzis(1990) approach. Intermediate traces are like initial traces, which are required by modules like the Projection Principle, in that they have no phonological matrix. Unlike initial traces, however, they are invisible to such rules and principles as wanna-contraction, the (Extended) Projection Principle, etc. Wh-intermediate traces appears in A´-position, which is a θ´-position to which no Case is assigned, so that they do not affect semantic interpretation of a sentence. Summarizing their grammatical properties, we can conclude that they are subject to the ECP just like initial traces and that they must have a neutralized feature complex[-WH, -pred] without regard to the feature complex of their antecedent. Hence they cannot appear in the Spec position of a verb that require a [+WH] complementizer. They can license Agr for a null complementizer through A´-agreement so that the null complementizer may properly head govern the element that satisfies the structural condition on government.

영어에서의 보어

김상혁 忠州大學校 2010 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.45 No.-

There are many kinds of phrases that can be Complements in English. Among them Onions, C. T. (1904, 1969) insisted that Adverbs and Adverb Phrases can't be Complements. But there are many counter examples which show Adverbs or Adverb Phrases are Complements. Therefore I show that Adverbs and Adverb Phrases must be included in the Complement category.

석분과 황토를 사용한 건자재 제품 개발 연구

성찬용,류능환,윤준노,김영익,임상혁 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2003 석재연 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 석분과 황토를 사용한 건자재 제품을 개발하기 위하여 황토의 첨가량를 5종류, 석분의 첨가량을 3종류로 하여 총 16종류의 모르타르에 대하여 단위중량, 흡수율, 압축강도, 휨강도, 동탄성계수, 초음파진동속도, 중성화 깊이에 대하여 구명하였다. 단위중량, 압축강도, 휨강도, 동탄성계수 및 초음파진동속도는 황토와 석분의 사용량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 흡수율과 중성화 깊이는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 주사전자현미경에 의한 관찰에서는 비활성황토의 사용량이 증가할수록 결정이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 황토의 사용량은 강도적인 측면에서는 결합재량의 40%까지 사용이 가능하고, 흡수율 측면에서는 10%까지 사용이 가능하며, 건자재의 사용목적에 따라 황토의 사용량을 조절하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to obtain the basic data for the development of construction materialproducts using stone dust and non-active Hwangto. The results of physical and mechanical properties were as follows. The unit weight, compressive and flexural strengths, dynamic modulus and ultrasonic pulse velocity are decreased with increase of the stone dust and Hwangto. The absorption ratio and neutralization depth are increased with increase of the stone dust and Hwangto. In the results of SEM analysis, the crystals are increased with increase of the non-active Hwangto. Accordingly, the Hwangto may be suitably used as a cement replacement material in the construction material products.

영어 To-부정사의 용법

김상혁 忠州大學校 2009 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.44 No.-

Some be-verbs may be used with a to-infinitive, as in The meeting is to be held tomorrow. At this time the finites of be are used with a to-infinitive to indicate an arrangement either by agreement or as the result of a request or an order. The purpose of this paper is to insist that in this case the verb be be followed by an infinitive or an infinitival phrase as the nominal part of the predicate, not as the adjectival part of it.

표면근전도의 근육 긴장도를 이용한 컴퓨터 단말기 작업자세 평가

임상혁,박희석,김현욱 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목 적 : 본 연구는 VDT작업에서 작업동안 영향을 받는다고 알려진 5개의 근육을 표면근전도를 이용하여 근육의 긴장도를 측정, 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 전화교환 및 고객상담 업무를 담당하고 있는 여성 작업자 11명을 대상으로, 책상의 높이, 모니터의 위치, 키보드의 거리를 달리하여 근육의 긴장도를 측정하였다. 실험장(workstation) 설계에서 높은 책상은 대상자가 속한 사업장의 책상으로 하였으며 높이는 72.8 cm이었고, 미국 국립표준원의 기준에 맞게 제작한 표준 책상의 높이는 65.0 cm이었다. 모니터의 위치는 목을 비틀지 않고 모니터를 주시하고 있는 경우와 약 45도 비틀면서 주시하는 경우로 나누어서 실험하였고, 키보드의 거리는 책상의 끝에서 15 cm 떨어진 것과 30 cm 떨어진 경우로 실험하였다. 실험에 사용된 근육은 paraspinal muscles, upper trapezium muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infrasplnatus muscle, rhomboid muscle이었으며, 실험은 하나의 조건에 대해 각각 5분씩 수행하였고, 각 실험후 10분간 손을 다리 위에 올려놓고 쉬게 하였다. 결 과 : Paraspinal muscles의 표면근전도 값은 모니터가 작업자로부터 45˚측면에 위치할 때가 작업자 중앙에 위치할 때보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. Upper trapezium muscle, supraspinatus musscle, infraspinatus muscle의 표면근전도 값은 높은 책상에서 미국 국립표준연구원이 제시한 표준책상보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. Rhomboid musscle은 책상의 높낮이에 따라 표면근전도 값이 차이가 있었으나 통계적 인 의미는 없었다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과로 볼 때 책상의 높낮이가 VDT 작업에서의 어깨 근육 긴장도에 중요한 영향을 미친다고 생각되며, 또한 표면근전도를 이용한 근육 긴장도의 평가가 인간공학적으로 적합한 VDT작업장 설계에 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Objects : Thls study was designed to assess muscle tensions while working at a YDT workstation with surface electromyography (SEMG). Methods : Variables texted were desk height, monitor positon on the desk, distance from edge of the desk to the keyboard. Eleven female volunteers working in the tele-com munication company were seated at an ergonomically adjusted workstation. They were assigned to a task of typing for 5 minutes and were given a 10 minutes resting with hands in their lap. For the initial experiment, the desk height was fixed to standard desk height(65.0 cm) recommended by ANSI and latter adjusted to a higher desk height (72.8 cm) for this study such that the subjects experienced slight elevation of shoulders. The monitor position initially at the center on the desk and latter left site of the desk (45o from monitorneck axles). The keyboard was positioned to an optimal distance (15 cm from the desk edge) and an abnormal distance (30 cm). Five muscle groups (paraspinal muscles, upper trapezium muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, and rhomboid muscle) were selected for the study. The data of SEMG were analyzed by 2×2×2xs mixed factorial design. Results : The results were as follows: 1. SEMG activity recorded from the paraspinal muscles were significantly higher when the angle of the monitor adjusted to 45 degree from the center of the desk.. 2. SEMG activity recorded from the upper trapezius/supraspinatus/infraspinatus muscles were significantly higher when the hight of the desk was elevated from the recommended height. 3. SEMG activity from the rhomboid muscle showed no significantiy difference in all test conditions. Conclusions : The results of thls study confirm that the helght of a VDT workstation and the angle of the monitor are risk factors of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders. Also SEMG would be useful for measuring muscle activities during workstation assessment.

체내 카드뮴 농도에 따른 신세뇨관 미세손상 유병률

임동혁, 문선인, 엄상용, 김용대, 강종원, 김헌 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2011 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.21 No.2

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문장 형태에 따른 영어와 한국어 어법 차이

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2021 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.56 No.-

This article explains the usage difference of sentence patterns between English and Korean. English native speakers almost never use ‘much’ in affirmative sentences and they use ‘a lot of’, ‘lots of’, and ‘a great deal of’. However they use ‘much’ in negative sentences and in questions. In English native speakers generally do not use ‘long’ as an adverb in affirmative sentences. They use ‘long’ as an adverb in negative or interrogative sentences. Koreans speaking English tend to confuse the words, ‘besides’ and ‘except’, producing sentences which are often very difficult for native speakers to understand. ‘Except’ is used to exclude a member from a set, and means, ‘with the exception of’ or ‘apart from’. ‘Besides’ is used to add another member to a set, and means, ‘in addition’. In most negative sentences, English native speakers can use ‘besides’ and ‘except’ interchangeably. In interrogative sentences they generally avoid using ‘except’. Instead, they use ‘besides’, ‘apart from’, or ‘other than’.

영어와 한국어 어법의 차이

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2020 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.55 No.-

The purpose of this article is to explain the usage difference between English and Korean. Certain common problems would emerge among Korean speakers as they approach English through analogies with their first language, Korean. So sometimes Korean English, Konglish, is spoken and written by Koreans. This article focuses on problems that occur when Koreans use English as a means of communication. We can say a problem in communication has occurred whenever speakers fail to convey what they want to, or when they express something different from what they want to. Koreans sometimes use words and phrases to mean something different from what native English speakers mean by the same expressions. For example, the Korean-English use of word, ‘promise’ differs from the standard English meaning of that word in ways that can lead to very serious misunderstanding. Such confusions of meaning are ‘problems’ in a very obvious sense. While ‘yaksok’ can mean either ‘promise’ or ‘appointment’, in English these two ideas are clearly distinguished. In English, the word, ‘promise’, does not mean ‘an appointment’. These problems are apt to occur frequently whenever Koreans speak English where in day-to-day communication. The goal of this paper is to help Koreans to overcome the problems in their spoken production. We strongly recommend that Korean students put most of their energy into reading and understanding the examples of correct sentences.

영작문에 나타나는 한국어와 영어 의미 차이

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2017 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.52 No.-

This article is concerned about the awkward or confusing expressions that occur when Korean students speak or compose English as a means of communication. Awkward or confusing expressions occur when speakers do not convey what they want to and when they express something different from what they want to. And Korean students sometimes use some words and phrases differently from what native English speakers use by the same words or phrases. For example, Korean students use the word, enjoy, differently from the standard English meaning. In English they use enjoy to mean ‘to experience joy and pleasure in something’. But some Korean students use enjoy only to convey ‘to participate in a certain entertaining activity like playing cards’. But there is a big difference between ‘to experience joy and pleasure in something’ and ‘to participate in a certain entertaining activity like playing cards’. And some Korean students use at that time as a meaning of then. But in English they do not use the phrase like that. At that time is used to give background information to make clear of some situation or condition at a time it is mentioned in the conversation.