Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes

Sung-Sam Hwang,Hyo-Sun Seo,Tae-Young Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Hwang, Sung-Sam, SeD, Hyo-Sun, Kim, Tae-Young. 2010. Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes: A Case Study Focusing on Korea-specific Cultural Aspects. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). In this case study, we have focused on the disempowerment of a Korean English teacher (KET) in English-only classrooms. Six English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a Korean high school were observed and analyzed by using interpretive discourse analysis. Out of the six classes, three representative classrooms were both video- and audio-taped. The results show that the English-only classes could weaken the KETs' power via three mechanisms: (a) calling the KETs' last name for choral greetings at the beginning of the class, (b) students' group solidarity and peer pressure between classmates, and (c) the students' excessively collaborative approach to peer assistance. It is argued that the exclusive English-only instruction disempowers the KETs' status and dismantles their vocational identity. In order to remedy the current situation, within a scaffolding supported by the eclectic use of first language where necessary for effective class management, KETs are empowered and overcome constraints imposed by the limited L2 oral competence of some non-native English teachers.

비글개에서 신원방우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험

성하정,권오경,방명주,곽형일,이진영,신대희,박대규,정규혁,윤효인,조명행 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with sinlge dose of 2,000 ㎎/㎏ and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 ㎎/㎏/day (low dosage group), 400 ㎎/㎏/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 ㎎/㎏/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). LD_50 value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

색깔 속성은 객관적인가? : 타이의 논변을 중심으로

김효은,최성호 중앙대학교부설 중앙철학연구소 2009 철학탐구 Vol.26 No.-

The question of whether colors exist either inside or outside the mind has been raised since ancient times. This paper critically examines Michael Tye’s objectivist replies to the subjectivist claim on the nature of color. Color subjectivists such as Cosmides & Tooby employ simultaneous color contrast phenomenon to support their position. One of Tye’s replies is that there are ‘Normal’ observers by which we can determine true colors. Another reply relies on the analogy to the simultaneous phenomenon of shape. I point out that Tye’s replies are wrong-headed not only because ‘Normality’ is groundless but also because Tye’s comparison between shapes and colors turns out to be disanalogous. Further, Tye’s claim fails to explain our ordinary mistakes on color perception. In conclusion, Tye’s objectivist account of the nature of color is far from satisfactory. 색깔의 본성에 대한 객관주의적 견해와 주관주의적 견해 간의 논쟁은 색깔이 대상에 속하는 본래적 속성인지 아니면 대상 이외의 속성과의 관계에 의해서 존재하는 것인지에 관한 것으로, 고대시대 이래로 논쟁이 되어왔다. 코스미데스와 투비처럼 색깔을 심적 속성으로 보는 색깔에 관한 주관주의자들은 그들 주장의 근거로서 색깔 동시대비 현상을 근거로 삼는다. 이에 대한 타이의 해결책은 두 가지이다. 하나는 어느 색 경험이 맞는지를 판별해 줄 기준이 되는 지각자와 지각적 환경이 있다고 하는 것이다. 또 다른 해결책은 모양 속성의 특징에 색깔을 비유하는 것이다. 필자는 타이의 해결책이 근거가 없을 뿐만 아니라 잘못된 유비를 사용하고 있다고 비판하고, 우리의 일상적인 색 지각 오류를 설명하지 못하기 때문에 색깔에 대한 타이의 객관주의적 견해는 잘못되었거나 부족한 설명이라고 결론내린다.

외국인직접투자기업의 성장요인에 대한 실증분석 : 기업규모 및 나이를 중심으로

성효용 한국산업조직학회 2003 産業組織硏究 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 Gibrat 법칙의 검증을 통해 한국에 진출한 외국인 직접투자 foreign direct investment 기업의 성장과 규모간의 관계를 분석하였다. 첫째, 외국인직접투자기업이 일반적인 Gibrat 법칙의 가정을 충족시키는가를 검증하였고, 둘째, 외국인직접투자기업에 있어서 규모와 성장간의 관계가 내국인 소유 제조업체의 경우와 어느 정도 다른가를 비교분석 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한국제조업 전체를 대상으로 한 경우와 외국인직접투자기업 및 내국인 소유 제조업체의 경우 모두 기업성장들과 기업규모간에 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 나타나 Gibrat법칙이 기각되었다. 반면 기업나이와 기업성장간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 음의 상관관계를 보임으로써 Jovanovic의 기업성장이론을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzes the relationship between firm growth and factors such as firm size and age of Foreign Direct Investment firms in Korea. It includes the impact of ownership and chaebol on firm growth. The estimation results show that in general, smaller and younger firms grow faster than larger or older firms, for both FDI and domestic firms, rejecting Gibrat's theory of firm growth, but supporting Jovanovic's learning model of firm growth. Nevertheless, foreign ownership had a positive impact on firm growth in general, showing that they have asset specific advantages other than firm size which help them to grow.

馬耳山一帶에 나타나는 微地形의 氣候地形學的 硏究

成孝鉉 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1982 綠友硏究論集 Vol.- No.24

담도에 국한되어 증상을 유발한 석회쓸개즙 2 예

윤성우,이지영,하경호,이수경,한나,배효근,박선자 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Limy bile is a rare condition characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate in the gallbladder or bile duct. Recently we experienced two cases with obstructive jaundice in which limy bile in the common bile duct but not in the gallbladder for one case, and in the common bile duct and intra hepatic duct but not in the gallbladder for another case. The patients were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Here, we report the cases and review the literature.

실험적 치아이동에 의한 백서 치주인대내 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유의 변화

성정옥,박효상,배용철,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

교정력에 의하여 치주인대내에 생긴 압박측에서는 국소적 염증반응과 골 흡수가 활발히 일어나며 신장측은 골 생성이 활발하므로 뒤 두 부위는 서로 다른 조직반응이 일어난다. 치아이동에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유도 압박 및 신장 부위에 따라 다를 것으로 생각된다. 저자등은 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유의 교정력 적용시간에 따른 변화를 관찰하고 압박 및 신장력을 받는 부위에 따른 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 200gm 내외의 생후 9주령 백서 상악 제1 대구치에 Ni-Ti coil spring으로 80gm내외의 교정력을 12시간, 1일, 3일, 7일, 12일동안 가한 후 희생하여 면역 조직화학법으로 염색하여 관찰하였다. · 교정력 적용 12시간 및 1일군에서 압박 및 신장측 모두에서 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유가 감소되었다. · 교정력 적용 3일군에서 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유는 많은 가는 분지가 관찰되며 증가되었고 특히 신장측에서 현저하였다. · 교정력 적용 7일군에서 비교적 굵은 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유도 증가 되었으며 신장측에서 현저하였다. · 교정력 적용 12일군에서 압박측 치주인대에서는 거의 정상과 유사하였으나 신장측치주인대에서는 증가된 채 유지되었다. · CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유는 압박측보다 신장측에서 더 많이 증가하여 치아이동시 CGRP가 말초조직에서 염증반응에 관여함과 동시에 골 개조에도 상당한 연관성을 가지고 있을 것으로 생각된다. Bone resorption was predominate in compression site, bone formation in tension site of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. The biologic response at compression site was different from tension site. Thus the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fiber will respond differently to mechanical force according to the area(compression or tension site). The purpose of this study was to investigate this response of CGRP immuno-positive nerve fiber in the periodontal ligament according to the duration of applied force and the area (compression or tension site) during experimental tooth movement. The experimental animals were 7 week old male rat (approximately 200 gm). The orthodontic force was applied mesially to the right maxillary molar using the Ni-Ti coil spring during 12hours, 1, 3, 7, and 12days. Immunohistochemical staining using antibody against CGRP was performed after sacrifice. The results were as follows. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve bundle showed reduced immunoreactivity and nerve fibers reduced in density after application of orthodontic force for 12 hours and 1day. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed many thin branches at the apical periodontal ligament after application of force for 3 days as compared with normal. The tension site in the apical periodontal ligament showed more branches than the compression site. In 7 day group, the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers increased in terms of the number and had many thin branches in the apical periodontal ligament. The tension site had more branches than the compression site. In 12 day group, the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed similar distribution to normal control at compression site of apical periodontal ligament, but the fibers at the tension site increased in number. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed more increased at tension site than compression site after application of orthodontic force. Therefore it seems to have some relation to the bone remodeling besides the local inflammatory process.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

고양이 위 평활근 수축에 대한 Vanadate와 Pervanadate의 효과

심상수,최효봉,심혜선,이덕주,윤신희,한상준,김명석,조양혁 大韓消化器病學會 1999 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

코어방적사직물의 구김회복거동에 관한 연구

성수광,권오경,김효대 한국의류학회 1989 한국의류학회지 Vol.13 No.3

In this paper, the fabric specimen undergoes repeated laundering under given condition. After this cyclic laundering was applied, the crease recoveries of the specimen were measured using shirley crease revovery tester in order to evaluate the effect of factors at given condition during crease deformation. 5 samples of grey plain cloth were desized, alkali-scoured, bleached, whased with water, and air-dried. All tests were made on samples preconditioned to 65% RH and 20℃. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate crease recoveries and the properties of smaples, recovery periods (time) of crease. Furthermore, the crease recoveries of core-spun yarn woven fabrics were discussed in comparison with those values for 100% combed cotton yarn woven fabric and 65% polyester 35% carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Regardless of materials, remarkable decrease are observed in crease recoveries about 1-5 cycles of the repeated laundering, but slack decrease are observed in crease recoveries after 5 cycle of the re-peated laundering. 2. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to recovery periods (t) of crease as follows; loga=0.01415 logt+2.1168 (r^2=0.94) 3. Core-spun yarn woven fabrics were superior to 100% combed cotton yarn woven fabrics and 65% polyester 35% carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric in crease recoveries. 4. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to cover factor (CF), thickness (T) at pressure 0.5gf/㎠, weight (W) as follows; loga=-0.3482 logCF-0.4924 logT-0.4727 W+2.4243 (r^2=0.88) 5. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to 2HB/B, 2HB/W, ^3√B/W, WC/T which are concerning to formation of weared clothes and bending tran formation behavior as follows; log a=0.0091 2HB/B+0.4667 2HB/W+0.0185 ^3√B/W-+0.0114 WC/T+1.8433 (r^2=0.86)