Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

『住吉物語』 와의 비교를 중심으로 : 『住吉物語 』와의 비교를 중심으로 『住窪物語』 との比較を中心に

이상경 德成女子大學校 1993 德成女大論文集 Vol.22 No.-

이 논문은 일본 최초의 繼母이야기인 『住吉物語』를 비롯한 다른 계모이야기들과의 비교를 통하여 같은 계모이야기면서도 그 아버지에 대한 비중이 훨씬 큰 『落窪物語』에 나타난 부친상의 의미를 분석 고찰하고, 나아가서 平安시대 부친상의 한단면과 그 의의를 부각시키고자 한 것이다. 우선 평안시대 초기에 계모이야기가 많이 만들어진 원인으로서는 모계제가 붕괴하면서 부계제가 확립되고자 하는 사회 배경이 고려되고 있다. 『落窪物語』도 그러한 평안시대 계모이야기중의 하나인데 『落窪物語』는 다른 계모이야기들과는 달리 계모와 계자간의 관계 해결을 神佛등의 초자연적인 힘에 의존하지 않고 그 아버지의 인간성에 전적으로 책임이 있다고 보는 현실성을 띄고 있는 이야기다. 따라서 『住吉物語』를 비롯한 다른 계모이야기들의 무력하고 선량하기만 한 父親像과는 달리 『落窪物語』에 등장하는 아버지는 계모 입장을 두둔하며 계모이상으로 자식을 학대하고 자신의 권력으로 인하여 오만하여 더 큰 권력에는 순종하는 어리석은 속된 인물로 묘사되고 있다. 뿐만아니라 『住吉物語』의 아버지가 계모의 계략을 알고는 그 계모와 헤어짐으로서 딸의 아버지로의 입장을 고수하는데 비해 『落窪物語』의 아버지의 딸이 권력이 있는 훌륭한 사람과 결혼하여 아버지의 권력 집착욕을 성취시켜주자 이번엔 그 계모의 반대에도 불구하고 모든 재산을 딸에게 주겠다고 유언을 하는 단순함마저 보이고 있다. 즉 끝까지 자식에 대한 사랑과 의무로 부녀관계를 유지하고 있는 『住吉物語』의 아버지와는 달리 『落窪物語』의 아버지는 권세에 대한 성취감으로 인하여 딸에 대한 아버지로서의 태도도 변할수 있는 속된 인물인 것이다. 이는 平安시대라고 하는 攝政시대의 딸가진 아버지들의 권세 집착욕을 계모이야기와 연결시켜서 해학적으로 묘사한 것인 동시에 平安시대의 다른 문학 작품에 나타난 이상적인 부친상만이 아닌 현실속에 있는 또 하나의 父親像을 지적한 것이라고 생각할수 있다. ,

아동용 분노조절프로그램의 개발과 적용

홍상황,곽경숙,김미라 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2009 初等敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.-

타액선 세포에서 내인성 산화질소에 의한 칼슘유입 조절기전

최경자,정성수 전남대학교 치과대학 1996 전남치대논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Nitric oxide (NO) has been known to function as a cellular signaling messenger in various tissues and organs. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the regulatory mechanisms of calcium influx are mediated by the endogenous NO in submaxillary acinar cells. Effects of agents which stimulate or inhibit the NO-cGMP pathway on the calcium influx and potassium efflux were examined in submaxillary cells of the rat in vitro. 1) In the submandibular slices, carbachol (10^-5 mol/L) increased the NO_2 contents, which was prevented by pretreatment with L-NAME. 2) In the submandibular slices, K^+ efflux in response to carbachol (10^-5 mol/L) was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with L-NAME (10^-4 mol/L) which was attenuated by L-arginine (10^-5 mol/L). 3) L-NAME (10^-4 mol/L) did not affect the transient K^+ efflux in response to carbachol (10^-5 mol/L), but decreased the sustained K^+ efflux. 4) In the isolated submandibular acini, calcium influx by carbachol (10^-5 mol/L) was reduced by L-NAME or L-NMA. 5) In the isolated submandibular acini, calcium influx induced by sodium nitroprusside (10^-6 mol/L) was attenuated by pretreatment with hemoglobin (10^-4 mol/L) or methylene blue (10^-4 mol/L). 6) Calcium influx by 8-Br-cGMP (10^-4 mol/L) was inhibited by H8, (10^-4 mol/L). 7) Calcium influx by 8-Br-cGMP was not affected by nifedipine or verapamil (10^-5 mol/L) but was slightly decreased by reduction of extracellular sodium concentration. These results suggest that endogenous NO stimulates Ca^2+ influx through activating a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-activated nonselective cation channel in submandibular acinar cells.

간호사의 셀프리더십과 간호업무성과간의 관계

서문경애,장성옥,조경희,김인아,이수정 대한간호학회 간호행정학회 2006 간호행정학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to suggest self-leadership as a way to promote organization efficiency of nursing organization. So the relation between self-leadership and outcome of nursing practice inorganization was studied. Method: The subjects of study were nurses as a population who were working for the 2 of university hospitals which have over 500 beds in Kyong Ki Province as well as who have been working for over 6 months. The data was collected by questionnaires from 215 nurses and analyzed using descriptive statistics, perason correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA on SAS Program. Results: Self-leadership of nurse got 3.51 grade out of 5 as a mean point. Each of the segments got 3.74 in self-compensation, 3.57 in self-expectation, 3.53 in goal-setting, 3.45 in rehearsal, 3.37 in self-criticism and 3.30 in constructive thinking in order. Independent performance of nursing practice at each items of outcome of nursing practice showed the highest correlations with the self-expectation among self-leadership segments. Constructive thinking, self-compensation, rehearsal, goal-setting were related like this in order, but self-criticism was related just a little. Dependent nursing practice has the highest correlation with the self-expectation, goal-setting, rehearsal, constructive thinking, self-compensation were similar as aboves in order, but self-criticism didn't show any similar correlations. Relationship practice has the highest correlation with the self-expectation, and goal-setting, constructive thinking, self-compensation, rehearsal were similar, while self-criticism did not show any correlations. Conclusion: In conclusion the result was obtained that self-leadership is much correlated with outcome of nursing practice. Therefore, as a way to promote efficiency of nursing organization, the constant study about self-leadership with the various aspects is needed focusing on self-management and inner motivation as a new leadership paradigm.

DNA 컴퓨팅을 이용한 배낭 문제 해결

김은경,이상용 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2004 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Though Knapsack Problem appears to be simple, it is a NP-hard problem that is not solved in polynomial time as combinational optimization problems. To solve this problem, GA(Genetic Algorithms) was used in the past. However, there war a difficulties in real experiment because the conventional method didn't reflect the precise characteristics of DNA. This paper proposes code optimization DNA-Haskell, which is a functional language to reduce the error of DNA manipulation and to expect more accurate prediction during the DNA computing process. Code optimization DNA-Haskell was applied to (0,1) Knapsack Problem; as a result, it reduced experimental errors an compared with conventional methods, and found accurate solutions more rapidly.

혼합 계면활성제 시스템에서의 온도에 따른 점도 변화 효과

한동성,배상수,천은우,지경엽,조인식 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

In general, the viscosity of fluid increases as temperature decreases, and decreases as temperature increases. This phenomenon can be explained by decreasing mobility of molecules as temperature decreases. But, we found the opposite phenomenon that viscosity decreases as temperature decreases in particular mixed surfactant system. To analyze this phenomenon, various experiments have been proceeded such as composition (anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic surfactant), variation of zwitterion surfactants, structure of hydrophobic chains, structure of Hydrotrope, variation of pH. Conclusively, controlling the complex of zwitterion and anionic surfactant, we could control the viscosity of mixed surfactant system on variation of temperature. We analyzed this phenomenon theoretically, and then can complete "The technology of viscosity control by temperatre in micellar phase".

김치숙성과 품질에 미치는 건어물의 첨가 효과

김상옥,이윤경 영남이공대학 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

Dried fish extracts on the fermentation and quality of kimchi was investigated. Dried pollack, squid, octopus, seafish, filefish, shrimp, cod and anchovy were extracted with boiled water. The extracts supplemented 2% as a basis of dried fish in kimchi. pH, acidity, sensory quality and texture as quality indicator were investigated. The decrease in pH and increase in acidity during fermentation were lower in the dried fish extracts-supplemented kimchi than in control products. Sensory qualtiy of the kimchi with shrimp extract-supplemented kimchi among the dried fish extracts, showed the highest scores in sour taste, crispness and overall taste. Hardness of kimchi was also higher in the kimchi with shrimp extract than in control products.

노인이 지각한 사회적 지지가 자존감에 미치는 영향

유양경,고성희,김귀분,정승희 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: This study was done to identify the degree that perceived social support effects the self esteem of the elderly. Method: A structured questionnaire was administered to 203 elderly subjects from April 2003 to June 2003. The data were analyzed with an SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients. t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The level of social support was moderate; family support received the highest score among sources of support. In types of support, appraisal support was the highest score and material was the lowest. The level of self esteem was also moderate. The score of social support showed a slightly high positive correlation with self esteem. In general characteristics, several variables were significantly related to self esteem. The most powerful predictor of self esteem was material support by family and the variance explained was 19.6%. A combination of material support by family, informational support by relatives, perceived economic status, perceived health status, and having a subject to depend on accounted for 39.8% of the variance in self esteem of the elderly. Conclusion: To increase the self esteem of the elderly, it is necessary to consolidate material support by family.

2-Cyanobenzenesulfonamide 유도체 합성과 항균성에 관한 연구

李相昊,尹容鎭 慶尙大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

2-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride를 출발물질로 도열병균(Pyricularia oryzae)에 대하여 우수한 항균성이 있는 새로운 살균제 개발을 위해 1차 및 2차 아민과 반응하여 상응하는 2-Cyanobenzenesulfonamide 유도체를 합성하고 이들 화합물들의 도열병균에 대한 항균성을 agar medium dilution 방법으로 조사하였다. 조사된 15개 후보화합물들의 도열병균에 대한 ??값은 다음과 같다. (화합물 번호 : ?? ppm) : 8 : 70.02, 9 : 65.36, 10 : 72.86, 11 : 67.79, 12 : 58.42, 13 : 64.42, 14 : 65.40, 15 : 67.58, 16 : 72.44, 17 : 61.77, 18 : 100.00, 19 : 63.44, 20 : 71.00, 21 : 77.30, 22 : 68.45.