루카치 후기 미학이론 비판

홍성군 한국독어독문학회 1989 獨逸文學 Vol.42 No.1

Die a¨sthetische Theorie des spa¨ten Luka´cs konzentriert sich um die Erkla¨rung der Besonderheit als Gebietskategorie des A¨sthetischen. Sie unterscheidet die a¨sthetische Besonderheit von der wissenschftlichen Allgemeinheit und der allta¨glichen Einzelheit auf Grund der vielen Zitate aus der klassischen marxistisch-leninistischen Werke. Die Besonderheit spielt die a¨hnliche Vermittlungrolle in der Wissenschaft und A¨sthetik. Aber das Ergebins ist ganz anders. Die wissenschaftliche Allgemeinheit als das Resultat der Wissenschaft wird auf eventuellen Abbruch, auf eventullen Korrektur gesetzt. Dagegen statuiert die Werkindividualita¨t des Kunstwerks als das Resultat der a¨sthetischen Besonderheit als eine nunmehr unaufhebbare. Und die allta¨gliche Einzelheit entha¨lt den Moment der Totalita¨t, erst wenn sie aus ihrer Partikularita¨t in die a¨stlietische Besonderheit aufgehoben wird. Wa¨hrend in der Wissenschaft und dem Alltagsleben jede Bewegung zur Kontinuum wird, entsteht die unzertrennbare organische Einheit in der a¨sthetischen Besonderheit. Die Besonderheit als organisierende Mitte zwischen der Allgemeinheit und Einzelheit bildet die ideelle Grundlage des ku¨nstlerlisch Spezifischen. Diese Theorie des spa¨ten Luka′cs leistet u¨berhaupt Entscheidendes wie seine der 30er Jahre, um die marxistische Philosophie zum Ausgangspunkt der a¨sthetischen Theoriebildung zu machen. U¨ber seine Vermittlungen werden die philosophischen, politischen, o¨konomischen U¨berelegungen von Marx, Engels, Lenin in die a¨sthetische Theorie eingefu¨hrt. Dennoch entha¨lt seine Theorie manche nicht leichten Probleme. Die entscheidende Grenze seiner Theorie ist die objektivistische, mechanische Auffassung der Wirklichkeit. Die Praxis wird von dieser Auffassung ausgeschlossen oder nur einseitig betrachtet. Die Teilung der drei Kategorien bleibt deshalb bei ihm bei einer mehr order weniger statische Klassifikation. Dieser statische Charkter hat seinen Ursprung in dem kontemplativen Moment seiner noch nicht aufgegebene traditionalistische Auffassung, die in der klassisch-bu¨rgerlichen Totalitt die Vollendung der Kunst findet. Luka′cs hemmt durch diesen objektivistischen und kontemplativen Moment den Fortschritt der proletarischen Literaturtheorie.

길초근 추출 분말 제조 및 길초근 추출물의 수면 활성

한성희(Sung Hee Han),김해든(Hae Dun Kim),조경애(Kyungae Jo),신중철(Jung Cheul Shin),서형주(Hyung Joo Suh) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

본 연구에서는 추출조건에 따른 활성 성분의 변화와 분무건조 조건에 따른 건조수율을 측정하였으며, 최적 조건에서 생산된 길초근 추출 분말의 수면 활성을 평가하였다. 80% 주정 추출물에서 추출효율이 좀 더 높은 것으로 판단되지만, 추출물 간의 함량 차이가 많지 않으므로 생산원가를 고려하였을 때 8배수 추출배수를 이용한 60% 주정 추출 방법이 가장 적합하였다. Inlet 가열온도가 170°C일 때 추출수율이 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. Inlet 온도를 170°C로 설정한 후 분사회전속도 조건에 따른 수율의 변화를 측정한 결과, 분사회전속도 20,000 rpm이 가장 적합한 속도로 확인되었다. 길초근 추출물 80 mg/kg을 투여하였을 경우 대조군과 비교시 수면대기시간과 수면시간은 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 최적화된 추출조건과 분무건조 조건에서 생산된 길초근 추출분말도 수면 활성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. In this study, extraction conditions and spray drying conditions were established for the preparation of valerian extract powder with sleep activity. When 80% ethanol was used for extraction of valerian, valerenic acid content as an active ingredient was higher than the concentrations of other components in the ethanol extract. However, differences in contents of the extracts were not significant compared with the 60% ethanol extract. Therefore, 60% ethanol extract was most suitable when considering production costs. The maximum spray dried yield was obtained at an inlet heating temperature of 170°C and atomized speed of 20,000 rpm. High dose administration of valerian extract (80 mg/kg) resulted in significant differences in sleep latency time and total sleep time compared to the control (P<0.05). Valerian extract powder, which was produced under optimal extraction and spray drying conditions, showed sleep potentiating activity in a pentobarbital-induced model.

철도역사 사상사고 예방대책 수립을 위한 기초 연구 (Development of Railway Station Safety Measures for Passenger)

곽상록(Sang-Log Kwak),최돈범(Dun-Bum Choi),박찬우(Chan-Woo Park),조연옥(Yun-Ok Cho) 한국철도학회 2011 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

As accident rate have been reduced into half since 2005, no train accident fatality occurred in recent year. Level crossing accident also been reduced that no more than 5 fatalities occurred every year. As a result 98% of accident fatalities occurred in station and track. So railway station safety measures are more and more important but only few research have been done on railway station safety. In this study status on safety measures on railway stations are reviewed and basic research have been done based on expert interview for the development of new safety measures.

Construction of Chromosome-Specific BAC Libraries from the Filamentous Ascomycete Ashbya gossypii

Choi Sang-Dun Korea Genome Organization 2006 Genomics & informatics Vol.4 No.2

It is clear that the construction of large insert DNA libraries is important for map-based gene cloning, the assembly of physical maps, and simple screening for specific genomic sequences. The bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system is likely to be an important tool for map-based cloning of genes since BAC libraries can be constructed simply and analyzed more efficiently than yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries. BACs have significantly expanded the size of fragments from eukaryotic genomes that can be cloned in Escherichia coli as plasmid molecules. To facilitate the isolation of molecular-biologically important genes in Ashbya gossypii, we constructed Ashbya chromosome-specific BAC libraries using pBeloBAC11 and pBACwich vectors with an average insert size of 100 kb, which is equivalent to 19.8X genomic coverage. pBACwich was developed to streamline map-based cloning by providing a tool to integrate large DNA fragments into specific sites in chromosomes. These chromosome-specific libraries have provided a useful tool for the further characterization of the Ashbya genome including positional cloning and genome sequencing.

Single and Dual Ligand Effects on Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Macrophage Cells

Choi Sang-Dun,Seo Jeong-Sun Korea Genome Organization 2006 Genomics & informatics Vol.4 No.2

We identified differentially expressed genes in RAW264.7 cells in response to single and double ligand treatments (LPS, $IFN{\gamma}$, 2MA, LPS plus $IFN{\gamma}$, and LPS plus 2MA). The majority of the regulated transcripts responded additively to dual ligand treatment. However, a significant fraction responded in a non-additive fashion. Several cytokines showing non-additive transcriptional responses to dual ligand treatment also showed non-additive protein production/secretion responses in separately performed experiments. Many of the genes with non-additive responses to LPS plus 2MA showed enhanced responses and encoded pro-inflammatory proteins. LPS plus $IFN{\gamma}$ appeared to induce both non-additive enhancement and non-additive attenuation of gene expression. The affected genes were associated with a variety of biological functions. These experiments reveal both dependent and independent regulatory pathways and point out the specific nature of the regulatory interactions.

Effects of Systemic and Focal Hypoxia on the Activities of Rostral Ventrolateral Medullary Neurons in Cats

Yan, Hai-Dun,Kim, Charn,Kim, Ji-Mok,Lim, Won-Il,Kim, Sang-Jeong,Kim, Jun The Korean Physiological Society 1996 대한생리학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Rendering the brain ischemic would evoke the cerebral ischemic reflex which is characterized by an arterial pressor response, apnea and bradycardia. Since the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is known to play a key role in the maintenance of normal cardiopulmonary activity, during the cerebral ischemic reflex some cardiac related cells should be excited and respiration related cells inhibited. In this context, the responses of RVLM neurons to systemie and focal hypoxia were analyzed in the present study. Twenty-five adult cats of either sex were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ and the single neuronal activities were identified from RVLM area. For the induction of focal hypoxia in the recording site, sodium cyanide was applied iontophoretically and for systemic hypoxia the animal was ventilated with nitrogen gas for a twenty-second period. Cellular activities were analyzed in terms of their discharge pattern and responses to the hypoxia by using post-stimulus time and single-pass time histograms. Of eighteen cardiac related cells recorded from the RVLM area, twelve cells were excited by iontophoresed sodium cyanide and of twenty-five respiration related cells, fourteen cells were excited by iontophoresed sodium cyanide. Remaining cells were either inhibited or unaffected. Eight of fifteen cells tested with iontophoresed sodium lactate were excited and remaining seven cells were inhibited. Systemic hypoxia induced by nitrogen gas inhalation elevated the arterial blood pressure, but excited, inhibited or unaffected the single neuronal activities. Some cells showed initial excitation followed by inhibition during the systemic hypoxia. Bilateral vagotomy resulted in a decrease of arterial pressor response to the systemic hypoxia, and a slight decrease in the rhythmicity related to cardiac and/or respiratory rhythms. The single neuronal responses to either systemic or focal hypoxia were not affected qualitatively by vagotomy. From the above results, it was concluded that the majority of the cardiac- and respiration- related neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla be excited by hypoxia, not through the mediation of peripheral chemoreceptors, and along with the remaining inhibited cells, all these cells be involved in the mediation of cerebral ischemic reflex.

Fluorescense Quenching Causes Systematic Dye Bias in Microarray Experiments Using Cyanine Dye

Jeon Ho Sang,Choi Sang Dun 한국유전체학회 2007 Genomics & informatics Vol.5 No.3

The development of microaray technology has facilitated the understanding of gene expresion profiles. Despite its convenience, the cause of dye-bias that confounds data interpretation in dual-color DNA microarray experiments it is necessary to identify the cause of dye bias, since designing dye-swaps to reduce the dye-specific bias tends to be very expensive. Hence, we sought to determine the reliable cause of systematic dye bias after treating murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), interferon-beta (IFN-β), and 8-bromoadenosine (8-BR). To find the cause of systematic dye bias from the point of view of fluorescence quenching, we examined the correlation betwen systematic dye bias and the proportion of each nucleotide in mRNA and oligonucleotide probe sequence. Cy3-dye bias was highly correlated with the systematic dye bias is affected by fluorescence quenching of each feature. In addition, we also found that the strength of fluorescence quenching is based on not only dye-dye interactions but also dye-nucleotide interactions as well.

기관내 삽관에 의한 혈압과 심박수 변화에 대한 Urapidil 의 효과

양희성,신창규,김영추,전석봉,임준구 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.31 No.4

Background: Urapidil is a new antihypertensive agent known to diminish total peripheral vascular resistance by postsynaptic a 1-adrenergic blockade and central sympatholytic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine its effectiveness and safety in preventing hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Methods: Thirty normotensive, ASA physical status I patients for elective surgery were selected randomly. They were divided into three groups(Group 1: control group with saline, Group 2: urapidil 0.4 mg/kg, Group 3: urapidil 0.5 mg/kg, n=10 in each group). The drugs were injected 3 minutes before induction with thiopental sodium(4 mg/kg) and succinylcholine(1 mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation was performed 5 minutes after the drugs injection. After endotracheal intubation, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg was injected and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 2Vo1% enflurane were inhaled. We measured the blood pressure and the heart rate with noninvasive method at one minute interval for 5 minutes. Results: In group 3, no significant increase in systolic blood pressure after endotracheal intubation was noted(p$lt;0.05). Urapidil groups showed increase in heart rate at 1, 2 minutes after urapidil injection(p$lt;0.05) and did not blunt increase in heart rate after endotracheal intubation. The side effects of urapidil(hypotension, dizziness, headache and chest tightness) occured in a patient of group 3. Conclusions: We found that the blood pressure response was effectively controlled, but the change in heart rate was not controlled by urapidil 0.5 mg/kg injection before induction.

Fluorescence Quenching Causes Systematic Dye Bias in Microarray Experiments Using Cyanine Dye

Jeon, Ho-Sang,Choi, Sang-Dun Korea Genome Organization 2007 Genomics & informatics Vol.5 No.3

The development of microarray technology has facilitated the understanding of gene expression profiles. Despite its convenience, the cause of dye-bias that confounds data interpretation in dual-color DNA microarray experiments is not well known. In order to economize time and money, it is necessary to identify the cause of dye bias, since designing dye-swaps to reduce the dye-specific bias tends to be very expensive. Hence, we sought to determine the reliable cause of systematic dye bias after treating murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), interferon-beta $(IFN-{\beta})$, and 8-bromoadenosine (8-BR). To find the cause of systematic dye bias from the point of view of fluorescence quenching, we examined the correlation between systematic dye bias and the proportion of each nucleotide in mRNA and oligonucleotide probe sequence. Cy3-dye bias was highly correlated with the proportion of adenines. Our results support the fact that systematic dye bias is affected by fluorescence quenching of each feature. In addition, we also found that the strength of fluorescence quenching is based on not only dye-dye interactions but also dye-nucleotide interactions as well.

I형단면 거더의 Web 부식패턴이 전단 내하력에 미치는 영향

마상수 ( Ma Sang Su ),김인호 ( Kim In Ho ),이덕근 ( Lee Dun Keun ),정재권 ( Jeong Jea Gwon ),홍성수 ( Hong Sung Su ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2013 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.17 No.2