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FOOD TRUCK OPERATORS PROVIDE BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Sandipan Sen,Katrina Savitskie,Sampath Ranganathan,John R. (Rusty) Brooks 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Food trucks are not a new idea but the significant growth in the variety of foods served and the number of trucks operating means this retail option is becoming more important. The growth of this segment can be explained by McNair’s (1958) wheel of retailing theory which indicates that growth in retailing happens when new types of retailers with low startup costs, low capital and low prices enter the market – exactly what is occurring with food trucks entering the mature food retailing market. There has been limited academic research regarding the food truck industry. To better understand this retail segment and the factors influencing it, we conducted in-depth discussions with nine food truck owner/operators in the Midwest and Gulf Coast regions of the United States. The discussions with the food truck owner/operators indicated three critical areas: marketing, growth strategy, and legal issues. Technology was found to be vital to this retail segment with social media being used to promote the business and many vendors mentioned that apps like Square (which enables credit card payments) help them get additional sales when customers lack cash. These apps also helped the owner/operators manage some of the legal/regulatory issues associated with operating within different municipalities. Our in-depth discussions with the nine food truck vendors provided insight into the food truck business and helped refine our understanding of critical concerns of this growing industry.
Reliability analysis of laminated composite shells by response surface method based on HSDT
Sandipan N. Thakur,Subrata Chakraborty,Chaitali Ray 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.72 No.2
Reliability analysis of composite structures considering random variation of involved parameters is quite important as composite materials revealed large statistical variations in their mechanical properties. The reliability analysis of such structures by the first order reliability method (FORM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) based approach involves repetitive evaluations of performance function. The response surface method (RSM) based metamodeling technique has emerged as an effective solution to such problems. In the application of metamodeling for uncertainty quantification and reliability analysis of composite structures; the finite element model is usually formulated by either classical laminate theory or first order shear deformation theory. But such theories show significant error in calculating the structural responses of composite structures. The present study attempted to apply the RSM based MCS for reliability analysis of composite shell structures where the surrogate model is constructed using higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) of composite structures considering the uncertainties in the material properties, load, ply thickness and radius of curvature of the shell structure. The sensitivity of responses of the shell is also obtained by RSM and finite element method based direct approach to elucidate the advantages of RSM for response sensitivity analysis. The reliability results obtained by the proposed RSM based MCS and FORM are compared with the accurate reliability analysis results obtained by the direct MCS by considering two numerical examples.
( Sandipan Samaddar ),( Gwang Hyun Han ),( Puneet Singh Chauhan ),( Poulami Chatterjee ),( Sunyoung Jeon ),( Tongmin Sa ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2
Soils amended for long-term with high levels of compost demonstrated greater abundance of bacterial members of the phylum Bacteroidetes whereas a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of phylum Acidobacteria was noted with increasing levels of compost. Metabolic profiles predicted by PICRUSt demonstrated differences in functional responses of the bacterial community according to the treatments. Soils amended with lower compost levels were characterized by abundance of genes encoding enzymes contributing to membrane transport and cell growth whereas genes encoding enzymes related to protein folding and transcription were enriched in soils amended with high levels of compost. Thus, the results of the current study provide extensive evidence of the influence of different compost levels on bacterial diversity and community structure in paddy soils.
( Sandipan Samaddar ),김기윤 ( Kiyoon Kim ),( Poulami Chatterjee ),전선영 ( Sunyoung Jeon ),사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-
Ammonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite. However, we know little about archaeal population under field conditions, or how their relative contributions to soil nitrification respond to the combination of cropping treatment and seasonal conditions. Archaea especially Ammonia oxidizing archaea are responsible for the rate limiting step in nitrification; a key nitrogen (N) loss pathway in agricultural systems. Among the factors reported to influence the abundance and diversity of archaea are fertilizers (ammonium addition).The main objective of this study is to investigate the abundance and diversity of archaeal community especially nitrifying archaea in paddy fields under five different treatments (No fertilizer (CON), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Compost (CO), Chemical fertilizer along with Compost (FCO), P & K [N free] (NFR) and how it is correlated to physicochemical parameters and nitrification potential in soil. Soil samples were collected from paddy fields of Department of Southern Area Crop Science, Paddy Crop research Division, Miryang, Republic of Korea and were used to characterize the abundance and diversity of ammonia oxidizing archaeal community based on ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA). Soil enzyme activities, chemical parameters and nitrification potential were determined in laboratory using standard procedures. Soil nucleic acid was extracted from 0.25 grams of soil using PowerSoil DNA isolation kit (MoBIO, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the manufacturer`s protocol. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) reactions were performed on a Rotor-Gene 6000 real-time rotary qPCR analyzer (Corbett Research) using SYBR Green PCR master mix (Applied Biosystems). Pyrosequencng of amoA gene was performed on a 454 GS FLX Platform by Macrogen, South Korea. Results revealed the treatments lead to considerable changes in community structure of nitrifying archaea and lead to separate taxonomical placement in a reference tree. The soil factor organic matter was found to contribute significantly for shaping this change in community structure.
Sandipan Gupta,Debarati Chattopadhyay,Akhilesh Kumar Agarwal,Goutam Guha,Nirjhar Bhattacharya,Pawan K Chumbale,Souradip Gupta,Marang Buru Murmu 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.3
Study Design: Case series. Purpose: To describe paraspinal transposition flap for coverage of sacral soft tissue defects. Overview of Literature: Soft tissue defects in the sacral region pose a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Goals of sacral wound reconstruction are to provide a durable skin and soft tissue cover adequate for even large sacral defects; minimize recurrence; and minimize donor site morbidity. Various musculocutaneous and fasciocutanous flaps have been described in the literature. Methods: The flap was applied in 53 patients with sacral soft tissue defects of diverse etiology. Defects ranged in size from small (6 cm×5 cm) to extensive (21 cm×10 cm). The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 16–78 years). Results: There was no flap necrosis. Primary closure of donor sites was possible in all the cases. The median follow up of the patients was 33 months (range, 4–84 months). The aesthetic outcomes were acceptable. There has been no recurrence of pressure sores. Conclusions: The authors conclude that paraspinal transposition flap is suitable for reconstruction of large sacral soft tissue defects with minimum morbidity and excellent long term results.
Green function of correlated genes in a minimal mechanical model of protein evolution
Dutta, Sandipan,Eckmann, Jean-Pierre,Libchaber, Albert,Tlusty, Tsvi National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.20
<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Many protein functions involve large-scale motion of their amino acids, while alignment of their sequences shows long-range correlations. This has motivated search for physical links between genetic and phenotypic collective behaviors. The major challenge is the complex nature of protein: nonrandom heteropolymers made of 20 species of amino acids that fold into a strongly coupled network. In light of this complexity, simplified models are useful. Our model describes protein in terms of the Green function, which directly links the gene to force propagation and collective dynamics in the protein. This allows for derivation of basic determinants of evolution, such as fitness landscape and epistasis, which are often hard to calculate.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The function of proteins arises from cooperative interactions and rearrangements of their amino acids, which exhibit large-scale dynamical modes. Long-range correlations have also been revealed in protein sequences, and this has motivated the search for physical links between the observed genetic and dynamic cooperativity. We outline here a simplified theory of protein, which relates sequence correlations to physical interactions and to the emergence of mechanical function. Our protein is modeled as a strongly coupled amino acid network with interactions and motions that are captured by the mechanical propagator, the Green function. The propagator describes how the gene determines the connectivity of the amino acids and thereby, the transmission of forces. Mutations introduce localized perturbations to the propagator that scatter the force field. The emergence of function is manifested by a topological transition when a band of such perturbations divides the protein into subdomains. We find that epistasis—the interaction among mutations in the gene—is related to the nonlinearity of the Green function, which can be interpreted as a sum over multiple scattering paths. We apply this mechanical framework to simulations of protein evolution and observe long-range epistasis, which facilitates collective functional modes.</P></▼2>