Exceptional reduction of the plastid genome of saguaro cactus (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>): Loss of the <i>ndh</i> gene suite and inverted repeat

Sanderson, Michael J.,Copetti, Dario,Bú,rquez, Alberto,Bustamante, Enriquena,Charboneau, Joseph L. M.,Eguiarte, Luis E.,Kumar, Sudhir,Lee, Hyun Oh,Lee, Junki,McMahon, Michelle,Steele, Kelly,Wing Botanical Society of America, Inc. (Columbus) * Bu 2015 American journal of botany Vol. No.

<P>• <I>Premise of the study:</I> Land-plant plastid genomes have only rarely undergone significant changes in gene content and order. Thus, discovery of additional examples adds power to tests for causes of such genome-scale structural changes.</P><P>• <I>Methods:</I> Using next-generation sequence data, we assembled the plastid genome of saguaro cactus and probed the nuclear genome for transferred plastid genes and functionally related nuclear genes. We combined these results with available data across Cactaceae and seed plants more broadly to infer the history of gene loss and to assess the strength of phylogenetic association between gene loss and loss of the inverted repeat (IR).</P><P>• <I>Key results:</I> The saguaro plastid genome is the smallest known for an obligately photosynthetic angiosperm (∼113 kb), having lost the IR and plastid <I>ndh</I> genes. This loss supports a statistically strong association across seed plants between the loss of <I>ndh</I> genes and the loss of the IR. Many nonplastid copies of plastid <I>ndh</I> genes were found in the nuclear genome, but none had intact reading frames; nor did three related nuclear-encoded subunits. However, nuclear <I>pgr5</I>, which functions in a partially redundant pathway, was intact.</P><P>• <I>Conclusions:</I> The existence of an alternative pathway redundant with the function of the plastid NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) complex may permit loss of the plastid <I>ndh</I> gene suite in photoautotrophs like saguaro. Loss of these genes may be a recurring mechanism for overall plastid genome size reduction, especially in combination with loss of the IR.</P>

Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Depotentiation and Their Relevance to Schizophrenia

Thomas M Sanderson 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2012 전남의대학술지 Vol.48 No.1

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission are forms of synaptic plasticity that have been studied extensively and are thought to contribute to learning and memory. The reversal of LTP, known as depotentiation (DP) has received far less attention however, and its role in behavior is also far from clear. Recently, deficits in depotentiation have been observed in models of schizophrenia, suggesting that a greater understanding of this form of synaptic plasticity may help reveal the physiological alterations that underlie symptoms experienced by patients. This review therefore seeks to summarize the current state of knowledge on DP, and then put the deficits in DP in models of disease into this context.

Sleep disturbance changes in women after treatment of refractory overactive bladder with sacral neuromodulation

Derrick J. Sanderson,Matthew Gevelinger,Elaine Jaworski,Paula J. Doyle 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in sleep disturbance following treatment of overactive bladder with sacral neuromodulation. Materials and Methods: This is a sub-analysis of data collected from an institutional review board approved retrospective cohort study evaluating women with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD) before and after sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder between March 2016 and October 2017. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, and additional PROMIS item banks. Within-group analysis was performed with paired t-tests. Groups based up on PROMIS-SD improvement (change <0) were then compared using Fisher's exact test, t-test, or Mann–Whitney U-test as appropriate. Results: Those with improved sleep disturbance (n=7) noted a significant mean improvement of −3.99 (95% confidence interval, −6.32, −1.65; p<0.01). Both pre- and post-procedure PROMIS-Physical Function (38.86±2.35 vs. 34.13±5.58, p=0.07 and 37.14±5.10 vs. 35.44±4.74, p=0.53), Pain Interference (60.04±6.34 vs. 65.50±6.20, p=0.13 and 57.89±5.08 vs. 64.73±7.35, p=0.07), Depression (44.2±4.73 vs. 61.29±9.53, p=0.17 and 54.29±6.25 vs. 57.96±11.42, p=0.47) t-scores were similar between sleep response groups. Conclusions: Those with improved sleep disturbance reported significant changes after sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder. However, no significant differences were identified between those with and without improvement. Further investigation of changes in sleep disturbance and factors affecting change are needed within this population.

Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Mediate the Induction of the Protein Kinase A-Dependent Component of Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus

Park, Pojeong,Sanderson, Thomas M.,Amici, Mascia,Choi, Sun-Lim,Bortolotto, Zuner A.,Zhuo, Min,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Collingridge, Graham L. Society for Neuroscience 2016 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.36 No.2

<P>Two forms of NM DA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LIP) at hippocampal CAI synapses can be distinguished based on their sensitivity to inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA). The PKA-dependent form requires multiple episodes of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) or theta burst stimuli (TBS) with a spacing between episodes in the order of minutes. To investigate the mechanism by which spaced episodes induce the PKA-dependent form of LIP, we have compared, in interleaved experiments, spaced (s) and compressed (c) TBS protocols in the rat CAI synapses. We find that LIP induced by sTBS, but not that induced by cTBS, involves the insertion of calcium-permeable (CP) AMPARs, as assessed using pharmacological and electrophysiological criteria. Furthermore, a single TBS when paired with rolipram [4-(3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one], to activate PKA, generates an LTP that also involves the insertion of CP-AMPARs. These data demonstrate that the involvement of CP-AMPARs in LTP is critically determined by the timing of the induction trigger and is associated specifically with the PKA-dependent form of LIP.</P>

Inferred fluid flow through fault damage zones based on the observation of stalactites in carbonate caves

Kim, Y.S.,Sanderson, D.J. Pergamon Press 2010 Journal of structural geology Vol.32 No.9

Faults and fractures are important factors that control fluid flow in rock masses in hydrothermal, groundwater, and hydrocarbon systems. In this paper we examine local variations in fluid flow as evidenced by the distribution patterns and sizes of stalactites in fractured limestone. We observe that the size and distribution of stalactites relate to fluid flow and is strongly controlled by the fracture apertures, intersection of fractures, and development of damage zones around a fault. Fault damage zones are the volumes of deformed wall rocks around a fault surface that result from the initiation, propagation, interaction, termination, and build-up of slip along the fault. They are divided into tip-, wall-, and linkage damage zones depending on their location along the fault. The pattern of deformation within a damage zone mainly depends on fault tip modes (mode II or III), the 3-D locations around a fault surface, and the evolutionary stage of the fault. The development of different structures within damage zones gives valuable information about fault initiation and termination, fault propagation and growth, and fluid flow. Stalactites indicate fluid flow variation within a fault in that fluid flow is high in dilational jogs, variable along the main fault traces, and low in contractional jogs. Variation in ore fluid flow within faults is also important in controlling the position of ore shoots in structurally-controlled hydrothermal mineral deposits. Thus, the characteristics of fluid flow in fractured carbonate rocks can be related to patterns of damage around faults. Hence, the mapping of damage zones can be applied to the study of fracture-controlled fluid flow in the fields of petroleum geology, hydrogeology, and ore deposits.

NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation comprises a family of temporally overlapping forms of synaptic plasticity that are induced by different patterns of stimulation

Park, Pojeong,Volianskis, Arturas,Sanderson, Thomas M.,Bortolotto, Zuner A.,Jane, David E.,Zhuo, Min,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Collingridge, Graham L. The Royal Society 2014 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.369 No.1633

<P><I>N</I>-methyl-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is extensively studied since it is believed to use the same molecular mechanisms that are required for many forms of learning and memory. Unfortunately, many controversies exist, not least the seemingly simple issue concerning the locus of expression of LTP. Here, we review our recent work and some of the extensive literature on this topic and present new data that collectively suggest that LTP can be explained, during its first few hours, by the coexistence of at least three mechanistically distinct processes that are all triggered by the synaptic activation of NMDARs.</P>

NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation comprises a family of temporally overlapping forms of synaptic plasticity that are induced by different patterns of stimulation

Park, Pojeong,Volianskis, Arturas,Sanderson, Thomas M.,Bortolotto, Zuner A.,Jane, David E.,Zhuo, Min,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Collingridge, Graham L. Royal Society of London 2014 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.369 No.1633

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is extensively studied since it is believed to use the same molecular mechanisms that are required for many forms of learning and memory. Unfortunately, many controversies exist, not least the seemingly simple issue concerning the locus of expression of LTP. Here, we review our recent work and some of the extensive literature on this topic and present new data that collectively suggest that LTP can be explained, during its first few hours, by the coexistence of at least three mechanistically distinct processes that are all triggered by the synaptic activation of NMDARs.

High-definition ultrasound characterization of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the mouse

Toy G. Lee,Derrick Sanderson,Paula Doyle,Dongmei Li,Ronald W. Wood 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.1

Purpose: To examine associations if any between changes in voiding function, hematuria, and bladder ultrasonography metrics in murine cyclophosphamide-induced chemical cystitis. Materials and Methods: Cystitis was induced in 6 female mice by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg). Voiding frequency, void volume, hematuria assessment, and ultrasonographic measurements of the bladder were obtained at baseline, days 1 to 5, and days 9, 11, and 13. Voiding was induced with preferred sweet drinking solution and voiding data collected using an automated data collection system in 135 minute sessions. Bladder wall thickness, lumen volume, and vascular Doppler were acquired using a high definition ultrasound system. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between the voiding changes, hematuria, and ultrasound findings. Results: Hematuria was present 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. All animals displayed increased bladder vascularity, bladder wall thickness, and void frequency that was associated with concurrent decreased total and average void volumes. Increased bladder wall vascularity was correlated with the presence of hematuria (r=0.59, p<0.01) and bladder wall thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01). Hematuria correlated with increased void frequency (r=0.34, p<0.01). Average void volume was negatively correlated with hematuria (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and frequency (r=−0.38, p<0.01). Conclusions: High-definition ultrasound imaging permits in vivo monitoring of changes in bladder morphology associated with voiding function in relation to cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Ultrasound imaging of the bladder may assist in differential diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.

The effectiveness of deformation band damage zones as a barrier to fluid flow

Paul Edwards,Sehyeon Gwon,David J. Sanderson,Young-Seog Kim 대한지질학회 2015 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Numerical Simulation on Disproportionate Collapse of the Tall Glulam Building under Fire Conditions

Zhao, Xuan,Zhang, Binsheng,Kilpatrick, Tony,Sanderson, Iain Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2021 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.10 No.4

Perception of the public to structural fires is very important because there are only a number of tall timber buildings constructed in the world. People are hesitating to accept tall timber buildings, so it is essential to ensure the first generation of tall timber buildings to a very high standard, especially fire safety. Right now, there are no specific design standards or regulations for fire design of tall timber buildings in Europe. Even though heavy timber members have better fire resistance than steel components, many conditions still need to be verified before considering the use of timber materials, e.g. fire spread, post-fire collapse, etc. This research numerically explores the structural behaviours of a tall Glulam building when one of its internal Glulam (Glued laminated timber) columns fails after sustaining a full 120-min standard fire and is removed from the established finite element building model created in SAP2000. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure and removal of the selected internal Glulam column may lead to the local failure of the adjacent CLT (Cross laminated timber) floor slabs, but will not lead to large disproportionate damage and collapse of the whole building. Here, the building is assumed to be located in Glasgow, Scotland, UK.