Christmas cribs: traditions of szopka art and craft in Cracow Samanta Kowalska

Samanta Kowalska 국립민속박물관 2019 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.14 No.-

Intangible cultural heritage plays an immeasurablerole in the existence, continuation and development ofcommunities. Intergenerational transmission helps tostrengthen the bond between people. The first legallybinding act of international law concerning this issue isthe UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of IntangibleCultural Heritage of 2003. This article discusses the roleand the significance of Cracovian nativity scenes forthe local community, for whom they represent a ‘living’tradition. Cracovian nativity scenes, inscribed on theUNESCO Representative List of the Intangible CulturalHeritage of Humanity in 2018, are the first Polish entry onthe List. The issues discussed include perspectives on theprinciple of sustainable development in the cultural sectorand present the challenges of safeguarding intangibleheritage in the context of increasing commercialisationand globalisation.

Development of Hepatitis Vaccine in Genetically Engineered Mammalian Cell

Himadri, Samanta,Choi, Kyung-Hee 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1988 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.1 No.1

B형 간염 바이러스 표면항원 유전자가 포유동물세포에서 발현되도록 bovine papilloma virus(BPV)를 vector로 사용하여 몇가지 재조합 플라스미드를 제조하였다. promoter는 mouse metallotheionin promoter를 사용하였고, BPV의 크기를 변화시켰으며 또한 HBsAg 유전자의 polyadenylation signal을 제거하기도 하였다. 포유동물에서 세가지의 재조합 플라스미드는 모두 HBsAg을 발현시켰으며, BPV유전자와 HBV유전자가 완전히 들어있는 vector에 의해 가장 많은 HBsAg이 생산되었다. HBV DNA는 episomal 상태로 남아있는것이 아니고, 마우스세포의 염색체에 삽입되어 있는것이 확인되었으며, HBV DNA의 copy 수와 HBsAg의 생산량과는 비례하지 않는 것이 밝혀졌다. HBsAg 생산세포는 2-3개월동안 계대배양의 필요없이 계속해서 HBsAg을 배양액에 분비하였다. 이를 정제하여 E.M.으로 관찰한 결과 particle을 형성함이 확인되었고, western blot 분석을 통해 pre-s를 포함하고 있음을 밝혔다. We have expressed the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in mouse fibroblast cell line using metallothionein-bovine papilloma virus vectors. We have used three different recombinant plasmids and find that the expression level varies significantly from one plasmid to the other. One of the constructs gave very high express level and has been characterized further. We have failed to detect any plasmid in the episomal form in the producing clones and all the HBV DNA found to be integrated in the mouse chromosome at more than one site. We do not find any linear relationship between the number of copies HBV DNA and the level of the surface antigen produced. Cells can continuously be grown in the presence of cadmium chloride without splitting for more than two months and the secreted surface antigen be harvested during this period. The antigen is secreted as particle as have been found in electron micrograph of purified antigen. From western blot studies we find that the antigen contains the pre-s region.

Comparative assessment of the adverse outcome of wastewater effluents by integrating oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in endemic fish

Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Yoo, Jisu,Lee, Hwanggoo,Kim, Nan-Young,Kim, Wonky,Hwang, Soon-Jin,Kim, Woo-Keun,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.344 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study evaluated the adverse effect of wastewater effluents on three fish species, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, <I>Zacco platypus</I>, and <I>Zacco koreanus</I>, collected in the Eungcheon, Mihocheon, and Busocheon streams, respectively. Fish gills, liver, and kidneys from the mixing zone (MZ) and sites upstream (US) and downstream (DS) of the MZ were analyzed for oxidative stress responses and histology. Catalase and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase activity was significantly higher at MZ and DS than from US (<I>p<</I> 0.05), indicating induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Additionally, degree of tissue changes (DTC) indicated highest histopathological alteration in MZ, followed by DS and US. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) for oxidative stress and histopathological alterations showed higher values consistently for <I>Z. koreanus</I> than other two species. Water temperature, EC, and TN levels seemed to be responsible for the observed biomarker responses. These findings indicate that thermal hot spring effluent discharged into Busocheon steam induced the most significant impact on the cool water species (<I>Z. koreanus</I>). Overall, this study suggests that the IBR index is a very useful tool for monitoring <I>in situ</I> adverse effects of wastewater effluents on fish, particularly for histopathological alterations representing prolonged impact.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The IBR study identified the adverse effect of effluent discharge on fish clearly. </LI> <LI> The cool water species was the most impacted by thermal hot spring effluent. </LI> <LI> Pathological alterations gave more consistent IBR index than oxidative stress. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of roughness on interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete surface

Samanta, Manojit,Punetha, Piyush,Sharma, Mahesh Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.4

The present study evaluates the interface shear strength between sand and different construction materials, namely steel and concrete, using direct shear test apparatus. The influence of surface roughness, mean size of sand particles, relative density of sand and size of the direct shear box on the interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete has been investigated. Test results show that the surface roughness of the construction materials significantly influences the interface shear strength. The peak and residual interface friction angles increase rapidly up to a particular value of surface roughness (critical surface roughness), beyond which the effect becomes negligible. At critical surface roughness, the peak and residual friction angles of the interfaces are 85-92% of the peak and residual internal friction angles of the sand. The particle size of sand (for morphologically identical sands) significantly influences the value of critical surface roughness. For the different roughness considered in the present study, both the peak and residual interaction coefficients lie in the range of 0.3-1. Moreover, the peak and residual interaction coefficients for all the interfaces considered are nearly identical, irrespective of the size of the direct shear box. The constitutive modeling of different interfaces followed the experimental investigation and it successfully predicted the pre-peak, peak and post peak interface shear response with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the predicted stress-displacement relationship of different interfaces is in good agreement with the experimental results. The findings of the present study may also be applicable to other non-yielding interfaces having a similar range of roughness and sand properties.

DYNAMICAL MODEL OF A SINGLE-SPECIES SYSTEM IN A POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT

Samanta, G.P.,Maiti, Alakes 한국전산응용수학회 2004 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.16 No.1

The effect of toxicants on ecological systems is an important issue from mathematical and experimental points of view. Here we have studied dynamical model of a single-species population-toxicant system. Two cases are studied: constant exogeneous input of toxicant and rapidly fluctuating random exogeneous input of toxicant into the environment. The dynamical behaviour of the system is analyzed by using deterministic linearized technique, Lyapunov method and stochastic linearization on the assumption that exogeneous input of toxicant into the environment behaves like ‘Coloured noise’.

Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation on Serum α-Tocopherol and Immune Status of Crossbred Calves

Samanta, A.K.,Dass, R.S.,Rawat, Mayank,Mishra, S.C.,Mehra, U.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.4

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male calves (7-15 days old) divided into 4 different experimental groups on the basis of body weights to study the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration and immune response of the calves. All the calves were fed on milk and calf starter up to 13 weeks and afterwards, they were fed on concentrate mixture and oat hay up to 32 weeks of age. In addition, the calves in groups I, II, III and IV were supplemented with 0, 125, 250 and 500 IU feed grade DL-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0 day and subsequently at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 months of age to monitor the serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration in crossbred calves. After 24 weeks of experimental feeding, 4 animals from each group were intramuscularly inoculated with single dose (3 ml) of Haemorrhagic septiceaemia (Pasteurella multocida P52 strain) oil adjuvant vaccine. The cumulative group mean serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration (${\mu}g/100ml$) was 88.12, 210.11, 235.21 and 294.02 in-groups I, II, III and IV, respectively and differed significantly (p<0.001) among the four groups. Lymphocyte stimulation indices (LSI) did not differ among the groups significantly. The pooled mean ELISA antibody titer against Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) was 788.02, 926.85, 1,214.00 and 1,109.51 for group I, II, III and IV, respectively, which indicated higher antibody titer in groups supplemented with vitamin E as compared to the control group. It may be concluded that vitamin E supplementation increased the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration in serum and dietary supplementation of vitamin E at higher level has a humoral immune enhancing effect against killed bacterial antigen.

COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR HYBRID MAPS IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN FUZZY METRIC SPACES

Samanta, T.K.,Mohinta, Sumit The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, we have established some common fixed point theorems for two pairs of occasionally weakly compatible hybrid maps sat-isfying a strict contractive condition in a non-archimedean fuzzy metric space. Our result extend, generalized and fuzzify several fixed point theo-rems on metric space.

Studying Thermochemical Conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Melt

Samanta, Nibedita,Chandra, Manish,Maji, S.,Venkatesh, P.,Annapoorani, S.,Jain, Ashish The Korean Electrochemical Society 2022 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.13 No.2

In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl₃, Al₂O₃, unreacted Sm₂O₃ and AlCl₃ in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attributes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallographic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl₃, duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by doubling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl₃ in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.

Pharmacological and Biochemical studies on Telescopium telescopium - a marine mollusk from the Mangrove regions

Samanta, SK,Adhikari, D,Karmakar, S,Dutta, A,Roy, A,Manisenthil, KT,Roy, D,Vedasiromoni, JR,Sen, T Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.4

The tissue extract (TTE) of a marine snail Telescopium telescopium, collected from the coastal regions of West Bengal, India, was extensively screened for pharmacological and biochemical properties. Telescopium telescopium (TTE) produced significant lysis of washed rat erythrocytes (both direct and indirect), produced haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and also released haemoglobin (in vitro tissue damage) from different tissue samples. TTE was found to produce pro-inflammatory effects when injected into the rat hind paw and also increased peritoneal vascular permeability. Furthermore, intravenous administration of TTE produced a decrease in blood pressure (hypotensive effect) in anaesthetized rats. The extract produced potent esterase activity, as was evident from the breakdown of FDA with subsequent release of fluorescein (in vitro). TTE also demonstrated prominent cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase and protease activities.

The challenge of hapatitis B virus

Samanta, Hinadri K. The Microbiological Society of Korea 1987 微生物과 産業 Vol.13 No.3

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a very serious threat to public health in most of the developing countries of the world. It is estimated that around 300 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of this virus and will transmit the disease both vertically and horizontally. Infection by this virus may cause a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic infection to liver cirrhosis.