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Optimal voice packet classification for enhanced VoIP over priority-enabled networks
Filipe Neves,Salviano Soares,Pedro A. Amado Assuncao 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.6
This paper proposes a method for optimal classificationof voice packets to enhance the quality of voice communicationsover priority-enabled networks when poor transmission conditionsoccur. Either high or low priority is assigned to each packetaccording to the relevance of its payload (voice segment) for thevoice intelligibility. Then, in case of constrained networking conditions,by discarding first the voice packets of lower importance,the network always delivers those segments that most contributeto the perceptual quality. The proposed method is based on a dynamicprogramming optimisation algorithm that finds the optimalsubset of m high priority voice segments in each utterance of sizen > m. Such optimal subset minimizes the reconstruction distortionover all possible subsets with the same size m (i.e., the distortionincurred by a utterance reconstructed from only m segments). The simulation results show that the proposed method consistentlyachieves higher mean opinion scores (MOS) in comparisonwith non-selective packet drop under the same random networkloss conditions, yielding better quality of experience (QoE)for the same packet loss rates (PLR). The priority classification algorithmis independent from error concealment methods and distortionmetrics used in the optimisation process, which allows generalisationfor diverse communication networks and applications.
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Genotoxicity Study of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke
Rita de Cássia Lima Ribeiro,Emerson Luiz Lorenço Botelho,Guilherme Donadel,Maria Leticia Ames,Bruna Nunes,Salviano Tramontini,Andreia Assunção Soares,Odair Alberton,Ezilda Jacomassi,Arquimedes Gasparo 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.7
Vitex megapotamica (Spreng) Moldenke is commonly known as tarumã, it is an important medicinal and edible fruit plant. It is native to regions of tropical and subtropical climate in greater proportion than temperate zones and widely distributed in Central America, South America, Asia, and Africa. In Brazil, it is present in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Despite its widespread use, there are no minimum standards for quality control or information on genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a detailed description of the short-term genotoxicity assays of V. megapotamica and to provide parameters of a preparation routinely used in traditional folk medicine. For genotoxicity assays, five groups were used with eight wistar rats in each group. For this, three doses of the V. megapotamica extract in doses (100, 300, and 900 mg/kg) or negative control (filtered water) were administered orally and positive control cyclophosphamide monohydrate (20 mg/kg; Sigma–Aldrich®) was applied by the intraperitoneal route after 24 h. At the end, whole blood was collected in a tube containing EDTA for the comet test and later the animals were euthanized. For the micronucleus test, femurs were removed, and bone marrow was collected. In the comet assay, V. megapotamica crude extract did not show significant DNA damage at all doses tested. The micronucleus assay showed no significant increase in the frequency of inducing micronuclei at any dose examined. It can be concluded that the safety parameters in genotoxicity studies reveal that V. megapotamica has no toxicity, which characterizes the important quality control of this plant species.
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Marcia Alessandra Arantes Marques,Bruno Henrique Lopes Botelho Lourenc¸o,Michelle de Paula Reis,Karoline Bach Pauli,Andre´ Luiz Soares,Salviano Tramontin Belettini,Guilherme Donadel,Rhanany Alan Callo 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.3
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that is characterized by impairments in bone strength that predispose an individual to a higher risk of fractures. Despite the various etiologies, undoubtedly the most important factors are aging of the population and hypogonadism. Although several therapeutic options are available, pharmacological treatments have some risks. Among these are increases in the incidence of thrombosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and muscle injury, among others. Herbal medication may be an alternative for the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in rats. Female rats were first subjected to OVX and treated with TT (3, 30, and 300 mg/[kg·day]) or furosemide (25 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Bone densitometry and tibial histology were performed, and acute renal function and testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and estradiol levels were assessed. Prolonged treatment with TT stimulated bone mass gain in all ovariectomized animals, raising bone mass to levels that were similar to sham-operated rats. DHEA levels significantly increased in TT-treated rats. The TT group also had lower calcium (Ca2+) excretion that OVX control and furosemide-treated rats. Finally, the histopathological analyses showed the maintenance of bone turnover in all TT-treated groups. Overall, the results indicate that the standardized extract of T. terrestris exerted a bone-protective effect by increasing bone mineral density. This activity may be at least partially attributable to an increase in serum DHEA levels and a Ca2+-sparing effect.
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Washington Rogerio de Sousa,Bruno Henrique Lopes Botelho Lourenc¸o,Michelle de Paula Reis,Guilherme Donadel,Marcia Alessandra Arantes Marques,Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior,Ezilda Jacomassi,Salviano Tra 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.1
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.; Aquifoliaceae) is a popular tonic and stimulant beverage that is widely consumed in different South American countries. Estimates indicate the consumption of >1 L per day in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Despite its relatively high consumption, data on reproductive toxicity during critical periods of gestation remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis leaves (“chimarrão” [IPC]) at two critical periods of gestation in Wistar rats: preimplantation embryonic stage and fetal organogenesis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with IPC (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) from days 1 to 7 or 8 to 21 of pregnancy. The respective control groups received vehicle. During treatment, clinical signs of maternal toxicity, maternal body weight, and food and water intake were monitored. The rats were killed on days 8 and 20 of pregnancy, and the following parameters were evaluated: weight of the maternal uterus, weight of the liver, weight of the kidneys, weight of the spleen, total embryo implantation, preimplantation loss, the mean of live fetuses, the percentage of dead fetuses, fetus weight, and fetal malformation. The aqueous extract of the leaves of I. paraguariensis L. did not present any deleterious effects on preimplantation embryos or the organogenesis of offspring from female Wistar rats. These safety data provide evidence that IPC may be safe for consumption during gestation.
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