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Young “Sally” K. Kim 한국마케팅과학회 2006 마케팅과학연구 Vol.16 No.3
Many financial service organizations use various types of penalties (e.g., late payment fee, overdraft fee), often inflicting customer complaints and, in extreme cases, attrition. This study examines how customers evaluate penalties using concepts from attribution theory and literatures of social justice and customer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction. The study hypothesizes that both cognitive (i.e., attribution, perceived fairness, disconfirmation) and affective (i.e., emotion) responses influence customer’s penalty judgment and tests the effect of moderation between attribution and perceived fairness on penalty judgment. The study uses a crosssectional survey design and collects data using the critical incident technique. The results show that attributions have significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived fairness and dissatisfaction with the penalty and that perceived fairness, emotion, and attribution have a significant influence on penalty evaluation. The study provides discussion of the findings and managerial implications.
A Modified Multiple Depth First Search Algorithm for Grid Mapping Using Mini-Robots Khepera
Sally El-Ghoul,Ashraf S. Hussein,M. S. Abdel Wahab,U. Witkowski,U. Ruckert 한국정보과학회 2008 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.2 No.4
This paper presents a Modified Multiple Depth First Search algorithm for the exploration of the indoor environments occupied with obstacles in random distribution. The proposed algorithm was designed and implemented to employ one or a team of Khepera II mini robots for the exploration process. In case of multi-robots, the BlueCore2 External Bluetooth module was used to establish wireless networks with one master robot and one up to three slaves. Messages are sent and received via the module’s Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) interface. Real exploration experiments were performed using locally developed teleworkbench with various autonomy features. In addition, computer simulation tool was also developed to simulate the exploration experiments with one master robot and one up to ten slaves. Computer simulations were in good agreement with the real experiments for the considered cases of one to one up to three networks. Results of the MMDFS for single robot exhibited 46% reduction in the needed number of steps for exploring environments with obstacles in comparison with other algorithms, namely the Ants algorithm and the original MDFS algorithm. This reduction reaches 71% whenever exploring open areas. Finally, results performed using multi-robots exhibited more reduction in the needed number of exploration steps.
Sally A. Cantrell,Michael D. Leavell,Olivera Marjanovic,Anthony T. Iavarone,Julie A. Leary,Lee W. Riley 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.5
The lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis, serves as an effective barrier against many chemotherapeutic agents and toxic host cell effector molecules, and it may contribute to the mechanism of persistence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains mutated in a 13-gene operon called mce1, which encodes a putative ABC lipid transporter, induce aberrant granulomatous response in mouse lungs. Because of the postulated role of the mce1 operon in lipid importation, we compared the cell wall lipid composition of wild type and mce1 operon mutant M. tuberculosis H37Rv strains. High resolution mass spectrometric analyses of the mce1 mutant lipid extracts showed unbound mycolic acids to accumulate in the cell wall. Quantitative analysis revealed a 10.7 fold greater amount of free mycolates in the mutant compared to that of the wild type strain. The free mycolates were comprised of alpha, methoxy and keto mycolates in the ratio 1:0.9:0.6, respectively. Since the mce1 operon is regulated in vivo, the free mycolates that accumulate during infection may serve as a barrier for M. tuberculosis against toxic products and contribute to the pathogen’s persistence.
( Sally Harris ) 한국국방연구원 2000 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.12 No.2
South Korea`s latest defense modernization program aims to give the country a powerful, independent military that can effectively overcome challenges to its security well into the future. This includes being able to deal successfully not only with the present North Korean threat, but with possible regional crises in the post-reunification era, with or without support from us forces. Present and future threats, however, do not require the same military capabilities. Moreover, in democratization South Koreans have shifted their attitude towards defense and security issues. A broader, multilateral, more inclusive approach to security is the result. The article defines the ROK`s two security strategies and examines the various elements of the military reform program, involving armed forces restructuring; force improvement programs associated with ground, naval, and air forces and common force capabilities; and reforms to the military industrial complex including changes to the defense procurement process, R&D policy, and the local defense industry, to achieve greater efficiency. The impact of the 1997-1998 economic crisis on military procurement and the defense industry is discussed, and its implications are assessed for South Korea`s military reform program. The crisis actually hastened reform in some sectors, while the speed of the ROK`s economic recovery permitted the swift revival of several important military procurement programs. The sudden loss of funding was to have a damaging effect on R&D, however, and the slowing of corporate sector reforms means that the ROK defense industry still faces an uncertain future.