Nutrient requirements and evaluation of equations to predict chemical body composition of dairy crossbred steers

Silva Flavia Adriane de Sales,Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos,Costa e Silva Luiz Fernando,Fernandes Jaqueline Gonçalves,Lage Bruno Corrêa,Chizzotti Mario Luiz,Felix Tara Louise 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective Objectives were to estimate energy and protein requirements of dairy crossbred steers, as well as to evaluate equations previously described in the literature (HH46 and CS16) to predict the carcass and empty body chemical composition of crossbred dairy cattle. Methods Thirty-three Holstein×Zebu steers, aged 19±1 months old, with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 324±7.7 kg, were randomly divided into three groups: reference group (n = 5), maintenance level (1.17% BW; n = 4), and the remaining 24 steers were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were: intake restricted to 85% of ad libitum feed intake for either 0, 28, 42, or 84 d of an 84-d finishing period. Results The net energy and the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance were 0.083 Mcal/EBW0.75/d and 4.40 g/EBW0.75, respectively. The net energy (NEG) and protein (NPG) requirements for growth can be estimated with the following equations: NEG (Mcal/kg EBG) = 0.2973(±0.1212) ×EBW0.4336(±0.1002) and NPG (g/d) = 183.6(±22.5333)×EBG−2.0693(±4.7254)×RE, where EBW, empty BW; EBG, empty body gain; and RE, retained energy. Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) chemical contents in carcass, and all the chemical components in the empty body were precisely and accurately estimated by CS16 equations. However, water content in carcass was better predicted by HH46 equation. Conclusion The equations proposed in this study can be used for estimating the energy and protein requirements of crossbred dairy steers. The CS16 equations were the best estimator for CP and EE chemical contents in carcass, and all chemical components in the empty body of crossbred dairy steers, whereas water in carcass was better estimated using the HH46 equations. Objective: Objectives were to estimate energy and protein requirements of dairy crossbred steers, as well as to evaluate equations previously described in the literature (HH46 and CS16) to predict the carcass and empty body chemical composition of crossbred dairy cattle.Methods: Thirty-three Holstein × Zebu steers, aged 19 ± 1 months old, with an initial shrunk body weight of 324 ± 7.7 kg, were randomly divided into three groups: reference group (n = 5), maintenance level (1.17% BW; n = 4), and the remaining 24 steers were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were: intake restricted to 85% of <i>ad libitum</i> feed intake for either 0, 28, 42, or 84 d of an 84-d finishing period.Results: The net energy and the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance were 0.083 Mcal/EBW^0.75/d and 4.40 g/EBW^0.75, respectively. The net energy (NE_G) and protein (NP_G) requirements for growth can be estimated with the following equations: NE_G (Mcal/kg EBG) = 0.2973_{(± 0.1212)} × <i>EBW</i>^{0.4336(± 0.1002)} and NP_G (g/d) = 183.6_{(± 22.5333)} × EBG – 2.0693_{(± 4.7254)} × RE, where EBW = empty body weight, EBG = empty body gain, and RE = retained energy. Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) chemical contents in carcass, and all the chemical components in the empty body were precisely and accurately estimated by CS16 equations. However, water content in carcass was better predicted by HH46 equation.Conclusion: The equations proposed in this study can be used for estimating the energy and protein requirements of crossbred dairy steers. The CS16 equations were the best estimator for CP and EE chemical contents in carcass, and all chemical components in the empty body of crossbred dairy steers, whereas water in carcass was better estimated using the HH46 equations.

Pemphigus foliaceus patients (Fogo Selvagem) treated with kinesiotherapy presented lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines

Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo,Helioswilton Sales-Campos,Marcos Vinicius Silva,Djalma Alexandre Alves da Silva,Jonatas Da Silva Catarino,Marlos Aureliano Dias de Sousa,Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior,Leonardo Eur 한국운동재활학회 2019 JER Vol.15 No.3

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Key Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

( Francisca Adilfa De Oliveira Garcia ),( Helioswilton Sales-campos ),( Violet G. Yuen ),( Juliana Reis Machado ),( Glauce Socorro De Barros Viana ),( Carlo José Freire Oliveira ),( John H. Mcneill ) 대한소화기학회 2020 대한소화기학회지 Vol.76 No.3

Background/Aims: Therapies aimed at modulating cytokines have been used to treat inflammatory illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand, patients may become intolerant, refractory, or present with several side effects. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (SPI) is a blue-green microalga with bioactive molecules that have been evaluated to treat inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, few studies have examined their effects on the production of specific cytokines and the intestinal architecture in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Therefore, this study examined the effects of a treatment using SPI in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Methods: All mice (C57BL/6 male) were evaluated daily for their food and water intake, bodyweight variations, and clinical signs of disease. Colon inflammation was induced by exposure to DSS for 6 consecutive days. SPI was given orally at 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg/day. ELISA was performed to assess the production of cytokines. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide were also investigated. The level of microscopic damage was assessed by staining colon sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: SPI attenuated the DSS-induced inflammation, with improvements in the clinical signs and a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. In addition, particularly at 250 mg/kg, SPI attenuated the severity of colitis by modulating the level of mucosal and submucosal cell infiltration, which preserved the epithelial barrier. Conclusions: SPI may be an alternative source of bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory properties, and has great potential to be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2020;76:150-158)

Optimization of Production, Biochemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Fibrinolytic Enzymes from a New Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens

Fabiana América Silva Dantas de Souza,Amanda Emmanuelle Sales,Pablo Eugênio Costa e Silva,Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra,Germana Michelle de Medeiros e Silva,Janete Magali de Araújo,Galba Maria de Campos Taka 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.7

The capacity of fibrinolytic enzymes to degrade blood clots makes them of high relevance in medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, forty-three microorganisms of the genus Bacillus were evaluated for their potential to produce fibrinolytic proteases. Thirty bacteria were confirmed as producers of fibrinolytic enzymes, the best results obtained for the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UFPEDA 485. The optimization of the enzyme production conditions was done by a central composite design (CCD) star 23 that allowed to define the optimal conditions for soybean flour and glucose concentrations and agitation rate. The highest fibrinolytic activity (FA) of 813 U mL-1 and a degradation of blood clot in vitro of 62% were obtained in a medium with 2% (w/v) of soybean flour and 1% (w/v) glucose at 200 rpm after 48 h of cultivation, at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. The obtained fibrinolytic enzyme was characterized biochemically. Fibrinolytic activity was inhibited by PMSF (fluoride methylphenylsulfonyl - C7H7FO2S) 91.52% and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - C10H16N2O8) 89.4%, confirming to be a serine- metallo protease. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 37 oC, respectively, and the enzyme was stable for 12 h. The fibrinolytic activity at physiological conditions of this enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UFPEDA 485, as well as its long term stability, demonstrate that it has suitable characteristics for human and veterinary applications, and promises to be a powerful drug for the treatment of vascular diseases.