HOW A BRAND VALUE IS DISSEMINATED AND REALIZE AT RETAIL STORES

Salena Watanabe,Kenji Sera,Mari Yoshida 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Creating their brand images based on rich consumer experiences is becoming significant for retailers to differentiate themselves from competitors (Ailawadi and Keller 2004). Among multiple retailer attributes that have been argued by existing studies that influence overall image of the retailer, several researchers pointed out that personal encounters, such as those between employees and customers, may be more influential in communicating brand meaning than marketing-driven, mass-targeted messages (Cialdini 1993, Keller 2003, Sirianni et al. 2013) and referred to service employees as the “living brand” (Bendapudi and Bendapudi 2005).

Chittagong University Campus : Rich in Forest Growing Stock of Valuable Timber Tree Species in Bangladesh

Salena Akter,Md. Siddiqur Rahman,M. Al-Amin 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.2

The campus of Chittagong University in Bangladesh is rich in forest ecosystem. The campus has large area with vast tract of land planted with valuable timber tree species. The present study identifies and discovers the potential growing stock of the plantations in the campus area. This Growing stock was measured in three parameters viz. volume, biomass and organic carbon stock. Study identified thirty three economically valuable forest tree species in the plantations of Chittagong University. Out of three growing stock parameters, volume of timber was found to be low in indigenous tree species in the plantation sites other than exotic species. This might be due to their slow growth rate and low density in the plantation sites. However, biomass and organic carbon stock of trees per hactre area showed that indigenous species gather and sequester more timber and carbon respectively than introduced species. Plantations of Chittagong University campus can acquire 25.51 m3/ha volume of economically important tree species, where biomass and organic carbon stock is 222.33 tonne/ha and 107.48 tonne/ha respectively. This result shows a positive impression on the plantation site to be considered as good forest reserve.

Chittagong University Campus: Rich in Forest Growing Stock of Valuable Timber Tree Species in Bangladesh

Akter, Salena,Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Al-Amin, M. Institute of Forest Science 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.2

The campus of Chittagong University in Bangladesh is rich in forest ecosystem. The campus has large area with vast tract of land planted with valuable timber tree species. The present study identifies and discovers the potential growing stock of the plantations in the campus area. This Growing stock was measured in three parameters viz. volume, biomass and organic carbon stock. Study identified thirty three economically valuable forest tree species in the plantations of Chittagong University. Out of three growing stock parameters, volume of timber was found to be low in indigenous tree species in the plantation sites other than exotic species. This might be due to their slow growth rate and low density in the plantation sites. However, biomass and organic carbon stock of trees per hactre area showed that indigenous species gather and sequester more timber and carbon respectively than introduced species. Plantations of Chittagong University campus can acquire $25.51m^3/ha$ volume of economically important tree species, where biomass and organic carbon stock is 222.33 tonne/ha and 107.48 tonne/ha respectively. This result shows a positive impression on the plantation site to be considered as good forest reserve.

Carbon Forestry: Scope and Benefit in Bangladesh

Md. Siddiqur Rahman,Salena Akter 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.4

The aim of the study was to reveal the scope and benefits derives from establishing carbon forests in a country like Bangladesh. Carbon forestry is the modernized forestry practice that evolves no cutting of trees or vegetation rather conserves them in the wood. Trees might be the source of carbon sink at large scale by establishing carbon forests. To find out how and in what extent forests of Bangladesh could contribute to global emission reduction, tree species of economic importance were taken into account about their carbon sequestration potential. Data source was a secondary one. Bangladesh has subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest tree species. Here trees can sequester almost 45-55 percent organic carbon in their biomass. On an average, trees in different types of stands can sequester 150-300 tC/ha. Carbon value of these forests might be 7,500-15,000 USD per hactre (assuming 50 USD per equivalent tCO2). Thus, accounting tree carbon credits of total forested lands of Bangladesh, there might be a lump sum value of 1.89×1010-3.79×1010 USD. If soil carbon is added, this amount would jump. Alternatively, there are two times higher spaces as marginal lands than this for starting carbon forestry. However, carbon forestry concept is still a theoretical conception unless otherwise their challenges are addressed and solved. Despite of this, forests of Bangladesh might be the key showcase for conserving biodiversity in association with carbon capture. Protected areas in Bangladesh are of government wealth, however, degraded and denuded waste and marginal lands might be the best fit for establishing carbon forests.

Carbon Forestry: Scope and Benefit in Bangladesh

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Akter, Salena Institute of Forest Science 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.4

The aim of the study was to reveal the scope and benefits derives from establishing carbon forests in a country like Bangladesh. Carbon forestry is the modernized forestry practice that evolves no cutting of trees or vegetation rather conserves them in the wood. Trees might be the source of carbon sink at large scale by establishing carbon forests. To find out how and in what extent forests of Bangladesh could contribute to global emission reduction, tree species of economic importance were taken into account about their carbon sequestration potential. Data source was a secondary one. Bangladesh has subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest tree species. Here trees can sequester almost 45-55 percent organic carbon in their biomass. On an average, trees in different types of stands can sequester 150-300 tC/ha. Carbon value of these forests might be 7,500-15,000 USD per hactre (assuming 50 USD per equivalent $tCO_2$). Thus, accounting tree carbon credits of total forested lands of Bangladesh, there might be a lump sum value of $1.89{\times}10^{10}-3.79{\times}10^{10}$ USD. If soil carbon is added, this amount would jump. Alternatively, there are two times higher spaces as marginal lands than this for starting carbon forestry. However, carbon forestry concept is still a theoretical conception unless otherwise their challenges are addressed and solved. Despite of this, forests of Bangladesh might be the key showcase for conserving biodiversity in association with carbon capture. Protected areas in Bangladesh are of government wealth, however, degraded and denuded waste and marginal lands might be the best fit for establishing carbon forests.

Forest and agro-ecosystem productivity in Bangladesh: a climate vegetation productivity approach

Md. Siddiqur Rahman,Salena Akter,Mohammed Al-Amin 한국산림과학회 2015 Forest Science And Technology Vol.11 No.3

The aim of the study was to assess spatial and temporal variation in productivity with respect to climate factors in Bangladesh in different forest ecosystems and agro-ecological zones. A climate vegetation, and productivity index (CVPI) for different vegetation types of Bangladesh were measured for years ranging between 1990 and 2010. Data were gathered from 11 meteorological stations sporadically distributed throughout the country. The range of CVPI at different vegetation zones of the country shows values between 1223 and 2800 (this index has no unit). Spatial distribution of values indicates that CVPI is lower in northwestern and southwestern agro-ecological zones of the country, whereas it is higher in eastern zones. This may be due to less rainfall and higher atmospheric temperature in the western part than the eastern part. CVPI in the central part of Bangladesh also decreases while the temporal scenario also varies significantly. There was a peak in the index during the year 1998 when the country faced extreme precipitation followed by devastating floods. Both spatial and temporal variation depicts that vegetation productivity would increase or decrease with respect to climatic parameters such as mean monthly temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation received at the site. For major types of forested woodland, tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen types cover the range of 21502800, moist Sal forest covers 12231896, dry Sal forest covers 12771280, Sundarbans covers 1307, and coastal plantations cover 19462531 CVPI. This value greatly depends on the spatial coordinates of the meteorological stations. From Paterson’s regression, forest timber productivity was calculated which was found to be higher for evergreen, semi-evergreen, and coastal plantation (about 1011 m3 ha ¡1 yr ¡1), where deciduous Sal and Sundarbans has lower productivity (about 89 m3 ha ¡1 yr ¡1) than hill forests. Thus, climatic factors, as well as altitudinal and latitudinal differences, may pose divergence in forest productivity. Hence, climate is the key factor in forest productivity and distribution.

Artocarpus chaplasha: Establishment and Initial Growth Performance at Elevated Temperature and Saline Stresses

Md. Siddiqur Rahman,M. Al-Amin,Salena Akter 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.1

Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature-humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. 30oC, 32oC and 34oC, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature (26.31°C) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling’s growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.

Artocarpus chaplasha: Establishment and Initial Growth Performance at Elevated Temperature and Saline Stresses

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Al-Amin, M.,Akter, Salena Institute of Forest Science 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.1

Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature- humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. $30^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature ($26.31^{\circ}C$) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling's growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.

Growth density and regeneration of afforested mangroves at Mirersarai forest range in Bangladesh

Mohammad Main Uddin,Md Siddiqur Rahman,Mohammed Kamal Hossain,Salena Akter 한국산림과학회 2014 Forest Science And Technology Vol.10 No.3

The aim of the study was to determine growth performance of planted mangroves at three beats of Mirersarai forest rangein the Chittagong coastal afforestation division, Bangladesh. This 22–29-year-old mangrove plantation showed satisfactorygrowth and regeneration with variations among different study sites. The study revealed that individual species density andoverall density (stem/ha) in the study sites varied significantly (p0.05) where density of Sonneratia apetala wasmaximum among five species followed by Excoecaria agallocha, Avicennia officinalis, Ceriops decandra and Bruguierasexangula. Sonneratia apetala attained the highest mean diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm) and height (m) among allthe plantation species. It was found dominant at the middle section plantations of three beats, whereas Bruguierasexangula and Ceriops decandra were found absent at seaside plantation sites. Overall tree density was found to be highestat the middle part (1880 stem/ha) followed by inland (1610 stem/ha) and seaside (1087 stem/ha) plantations. Mean annualincrement of height and of DBH were significantly higher for Sonneratia apetala (0.42 m/year, 0.81 cm/year) followed byAvicennia officinalis (0.32 m/year, 0.67 cm/year), Bruguiera sexangula (0.18 m/year, 0.40 cm/year), Excoecaria agallocha(0.16 m/year, 0.30 cm/year) and Ceriops decandra (0.05 m/year, 0.10 cm/year), respectively. Regeneration of vegetationsshowed promising performance in three beats. Sonneratia apetala showed rich regeneration at seaside plantations thaninner parts in northern beats than those of southern beats. For all beats this species has an increased regeneration frominland to seaside plantation strips. Avicennia officinalis seedlings were found highest at the middle part of the plantation,whereas Excoecaria agallocha was found to be regenerated with high density at the inland part with a decreasing trendtoward seaside strips. However, Bruguiera sexangula was found to be regenerated only at inland strips. Thus, this suggeststhat a coastal afforestation program with different species will show varied growth, regeneration and density at differentsituations according to species ecology and adaptability to the sites along the coast .