An Efcient Tracking of MPP in PV Systems Using a Newly‑Formulated P&O‑MPPT Method Under Varying Irradiation Levels

Mazen Abdel‑Salam,Mohamed Th. El‑Mohandes,Mahmoud El‑Ghazaly 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1

This paper proposes a newly-formulated Perturb and Observe (P&O) method for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in PV systems. The new formulation considers the efect of solar irradiation level on tracking the maximum power point (MPP). The formulated P&O method is tested under standard test condition (STC) to achieve tracking efciency 99.98% against 98.4% for the conventional P&O method, 99.5% for the improved and 99.85 for the adaptive versions of the P&O method irrespective of the location of the initial operating point to the right or left of the MPP. The higher the tracking efciency, the closer is the operation of the PV module to the MPP with a subsequent capture of maximum electric energy available in the incident solar radiation. At constant irradiation level, the tracking efciency reaches 99.98% for the formulated method against 98.4% for the conventional P&O and 83.6–98.5% for the improved and adaptive versions. The amplitude of output power oscillations around the MPP is reduced to 0.05% of its average value for the formulated method against 1.02% for the conventional P&O, 0.5% for the improved and 0.8% for the adaptive versions. Also, the smaller the oscillations’ amplitude, the closer is the operating point to the MPP. The proposed formulation of P&O tracks successfully the MPP under various conditions including the Ropp irradiation profle, step and ramp changes of irradiation level. However, the conventional P&O method fails to track the MPP under Ropp and ramp changes of irradiation level.

A Review: Synthesis and characterization of metals complexes with paracetamol drug

Salam R AL-Ayash,Taghreed H AL-Noor 한국분석과학회 2022 분석과학 Vol.35 No.4

In this review, previous studies on the synthesis and characterization of the metal Complexes with paracetamol by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, (IR, NMR and UV-Vis (spectroscopy and conductivity. In reviewing these studies, the authors found that paracetamol can be coordinated through the pair of electrons on the hydroxyl O-atom, carbonyl O-atom, and N-atom of the amide group. If the paracetamol was a monodentate ligand, it will be coordinated by one of the following atoms O-hydroxyl, O-carbonyl or N-amide. But if the paracetamol was bidentate, it is coordinated by atoms (O-carbonyl and N-amide), (O-hydroxyl and N-amide) or (O-carbonyl and O-hydroxyl). The authors also found that free paracetamol and its complexes have antimicrobial activity.

Damage detection by the distribution of predicted constraint forces

Salam Rahmatalla,이은택,은희창 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.4

Damage causes the deterioration of dynamic and static performance of intact structures. Regarding the measured static displacement or modal displacement data as constraints for describing damaged responses, this study derives analytical equations to estimate constraint forces in the satisfaction of constraints. The constraint forces are forces required for describing the flexural shape of the damaged beam under static and dynamic loadings. Based on the concept that the occurrence of damage causes the change of force mechanism, this work proposes an analytical method to detect damage from the distribution of constraint forces. When compared to the displacement curvature and the frequency response function (FRF) curvature methods using 2% noise, the results have shown that the proposed method is less sensitive to noise and is more effective in detecting multiple damaged areas in the beam of short span length and their intensity at low levels of damage.

Bidirectional High-Frequency Link Inverter with Deadbeat Control

Salam, Zainal The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2009 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.9 No.5

This paper presents a Bidirectional High-Frequency Link (BHFL) inverter that utilizes the Deadbeat controller. The main features of this topology are the reduced size of the inverter and fewer power switches. On the secondary side of the transformer, the active rectifier employs only two power switches, thus reducing switching losses. Using this configuration, the inverter is capable of carrying a bidirectional power flow. The inverter is controlled by a Deadbeat controller, which consists of the inner current loop, outer voltage loop and a feedforward controller. Additional disturbance decoupling networks are employed to improve the system's robustness towards load variations. A 1-kVA prototype inverter has been constructed and the Deadbeat control algorithm is experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the inverter has high efficiency (91%) with low steady state output voltage total harmonics distortion (1.5%).

Time Series Crime Prediction Using a Federated Machine Learning Model

Salam, Mustafa Abdul,Taha, Sanaa,Ramadan, Mohamed International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.4

Crime is a common social problem that affects the quality of life. As the number of crimes increases, it is necessary to build a model to predict the number of crimes that may occur in a given period, identify the characteristics of a person who may commit a particular crime, and identify places where a particular crime may occur. Data privacy is the main challenge that organizations face when building this type of predictive models. Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach that overcomes data security and privacy challenges, as it enables organizations to build a machine learning model based on distributed datasets without sharing raw data or violating data privacy. In this paper, a federated long short- term memory (LSTM) model is proposed and compared with a traditional LSTM model. Proposed model is developed using TensorFlow Federated (TFF) and the Keras API to predict the number of crimes. The proposed model is applied on the Boston crime dataset. The proposed model's parameters are fine tuned to obtain minimum loss and maximum accuracy. The proposed federated LSTM model is compared with the traditional LSTM model and found that the federated LSTM model achieved lower loss, better accuracy, and higher training time than the traditional LSTM model.

Analysis and Design of a Bidirectional Cycloconverter-Type High Frequency Link Inverter with Natural Commutated Phase Angle Control

Salam, Zainal,Lim, Nge Chee,Ayo, Shahrin Md. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.5

In this paper a cycloconverter-type high frequency transformer link inverter with a reduced switch count is analyzed and designed. The proposed topology consists of an H-bridge inverter at the transformer's primary side and a cycloconverter with three bidirectional switches at the secondary. All of the switches of the cycloconverter operate in non-resonant zero voltage and zero current switching modes. To overcome a high voltage surge problem resulting from the transformer leakage inductance, phase angle control based on natural commutation is employed. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is verified by constructing s 750W prototype. Experimentally, the inverter is able to supply a near sinusoidal output voltage with a total harmonic distortion of less than 1%. For comparison, a PSpice simulation of the inverter is also carried out. It was found that the experimental results are in very close agreement with the simulation.

Damage detection from the variation of parameter matrices estimated by incomplete FRF data

Salam Rahmatalla,은희창,이은택 국제구조공학회 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.1

It is not easy to experimentally obtain the FRF (Frequency Response Function) matrix corresponding to a full set of DOFs (degrees of freedom) for a dynamic system. Utilizing FRF data measured at specific positions, with DOFs less than that of the system, as constraints to describe a damaged system, this study identifies parameter matrices such as mass, stiffness and damping matrices of the system, and provides a damage identification method from their variations. The proposed parameter identification method is compared to Lee and Kim’s method and Fritzen’s method. The validity of the proposed damage identification method is illustrated in a simple dynamic system.

Measuring the Impact of Industrial Loans on the Contribution of the Industrial Sector to Iraq’s GDP for the Period (2003-2019) Using the Angel-Kranger Method

Salam Mounam Zamil,Hatem Kareem Balhawi,Ghalib Shaker Bahit 대한산업공학회 2023 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.22 No.1

Shear response of lean duplex stainless steel plate girders

Salam R. Armoosh,A.R. Khalim,Akram Sh. Mahmood 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.6

Carbon steel plate girders have been used on a large scale in the building industry. Nowadays, Lean Duplex Stainless Steel (LDSS) plate girders are gaining popularity as they possess greater strength and are more impervious to corrosion than those that are constructed from carbon steel. Regardless of their popularity, there is very limited information with regards to their shear behavior. In this paper, the non-linear finite element analysis was employed to investigate the shear behavior of LDSS plate girders. Parameters considered were the web thickness, the flange width, and the girders aspect ratio. The analysis revealed that although the shear behavior of the LDSS girders was no different from that of carbon steel plate girders, it had obviously been affected by the non-linearity of the material. Furthermore, the selected parameters were found to pronounce effect on the shear capacity of the LDSS girders. That is, the shear capacity increased considerably with web thickness, and increased slightly with flange width. However, it was reduced as the aspect ratio increased. Comparisons between the finite element analysis failure loads and those predicted by the current European Code of Practice revealed that the latter underestimated the shear strength of the LDSS plate girders.

An On-Line Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Scheme for Voltage Source Inverter

Salam, Zainal The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.1

This paper proposes a new harmonic elimination PWM (HEPWM) scheme for voltage source inverters (VSI) based on the curve fittings of certain polynomials functions. The resulting equations to calculate the switching angle of the HEPWM require only the addition and multiplication processes; therefore any number of harmonics to be eliminated and the fundamental amplitude of the pole switching waveform (NP1) can be controlled on-line. An extensive angle error analysis is carried out to determine the accuracy of the algorithm in comparison to the exact solution. To verify the workability of the technique, an experimental single phase VSI is constructed. The algorithm is implemented on a VSI using a 16-bit microprocessor. The results obtained from the test rig are compared to the theoretical prediction and the results of the MATLAB simulations.