Cross-Coupling Reaction of 2-halo1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Offers a New Synthetic Route to Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amine-PHIP and DMIP

Sajith, Ayyiliath M.,Muralidharan, Arayambath,Karuvalam, Ranjith P.,Haridas, Karickal R. Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.3

A modified synthetic approach to the synthesis of heterocyclic food mutagens, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PHIP) and 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (DMIP) is reported. This route highlights an optimized palladium catalysed Buchwald cross-coupling of 2-halo-1-methyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with benzophenoneimine followed by acidic hydrolysis to yield compound 7. Using finely tailored conditions, Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with highly efficient catalytic systems were performed as the final step on 8 to introduce the aryl group and methyl group on the heterocyclic core.

UNDERSTANDING SERVICE EXCLUSION THROUGH VALUE CO-CREATION PARADIGM

Sajith Siriwardana,Gaurangi Laud,Rajesh Rajaguru 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11

Significant Enhancement in Visible Light Absorption of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays by Surface Band Gap Tuning

Kurian, Sajith,Seo, Hyungtak,Jeon, Hyeongtag American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.33

<P>Band gap tuning of the wide band gap semiconductor, TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, has great importance due to its versatile properties in solar cell applications. Visible light activity of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> can enhance the efficiency of the third-generation solar cells by acting itself as light absorbing material. In this study, we demonstrate a surface structure modification and band gap tuning of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube arrays (TNTA) by anodization accompanied by a short-term, quick annealing process. This TNTA shows absorption both in the UV and entire visible range (400–700 nm, an increase by 350%). The effective band gap is found to be 1.7 eV. Through a detailed analysis we show that the significantly enhanced visible light absorption in the entire visible range is due to the substitutional and interstitial carbon atoms on the surface which introduces a structural disorder and localized states at the surface compared to the bulk. Based on the results from photoemission spectra, the probable band gap modeling shows a band bending at the surface. This behavior points to the excessive electronic conduction at the surface which has both merits and demerits in the applications of TNTAs in photocatalytic and photovoltaics in terms of surface recombination. This is confirmed by a solar cell device fabrication and testing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-33/jp405207e/production/images/medium/jp-2013-05207e_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp405207e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of Feeding Calcium Salts of Palm Oil Fatty Acids on Performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows

Purushothaman, Sajith,Kumar, Anil,Tiwari, D.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.3

Twenty lactating crossbred cows yielding 10 to 15 litres of milk daily during mid lactation were selected and divided into four groups of five animals to assess the effect of feeding calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (bypass fat) on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred cows. The animals in groups 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 were fed concentrate mixture containing 0 (no bypass fat), 2, 4 and 6% bypass fat, respectively. The average daily dry matter consumption in the various groups ranged from 13.1 to 13.6 kg and showed no significant difference among treatment groups. There was no significant difference among different groups in digestibility of DM, OM, CP and CF, however, ether extract digestibility in cows of groups 2 and 4 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. The average milk yields of the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat) showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher value than cows of groups 1 and 2. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) increase in fat yield, 4% FCM yield and SNF yield was observed for the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat). The milk composition in terms of total solids, fat, lactose, protein, solids-not-fat and ash percentage showed a varying response and bypass fat feeding did not have any effect on milk composition of cows in different groups. The gross and net energetic efficiency of milk production ranged from 23.6 to 27.5% and 37.1 to 44.4%, respectively, and showed no significant difference among different treatment groups. The gross and net efficiency of nitrogen utilization for milk production ranged from 24.0 to 28.7% and 37.2 to 43.5%, respectively, and no significant difference was noted among different treatment groups. The supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acid reduced the proportion of caproic, caprylic and capric acids and significantly (p<0.01) increased the concentration of palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids in milk fat with increase in level of bypass fat supplementation. It was concluded that incorporation of calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids at a 4% level in the concentrate mixture of lactating crossbred cows improved the milk production and milk quality in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids without affecting the digestibility of nutrients.

General Practitioners’ Perceptions on Clinical Management and Training Needs regarding the Healthcare of Community- Dwelling People with Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Survey in Singapore

Sreedharan Geetha Sajith,Yen-Li Goh,Joshua Marcus Wee 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.6

Background: Studies worldwide indicate that people with intellectual disability have high risks of physical andmental morbidities, and poor quality of health care. This study was aimed at determining general practitioners’perceptions on barriers in clinical assessment and training needs with regard to the healthcare of communitydwellingpeople with intellectual disability. Methods: A survey questionnaire was developed specifically for the study through focus group discussions and aliterature review. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional anonymous survey of private general practitionerspracticing in Singapore. The survey contained questions on their experience and training needs in assessing andtreating patients with intellectual disability. Results: Forty-nine of the 272 questionnaires sent out were returned. The respondents were predominantly malegeneral practitioners working in “solo” practices. For most general practitioners, the proportion of patients with intellectualdisability ranged from 1% to 5%. Nearly 90% of general practitioners identified problems in communicatingwith such patients as an important barrier that affected the quality of assessment of their health conditions. Other barriers identified were behavioral issues and sensory impairments. Only one-third of the general practitionerswere confident that they had sufficient knowledge of physical and mental health conditions related to patientswith intellectual disability. Three-fourths of the general practitioners believed that further training in this areawould be beneficial. Conclusion: Appropriate interventions to address barriers in assessment and management of patients with intellectualdisability with further training for general practitioners may improve the standard of healthcare provided tothis population group.

Histological analysis and Transcriptional responses during wound healing in zebrafish upon AgNPs treatment

Seo Seung Beom,Dananjaya Sajith,Mahanama De Zoysa 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2016 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2016 No.10

The in-vitro and in-vivo radio labeling unfolds the vitellogenin protein expression site of Bombyx mori L as the ventral perivisceral fat body

Mohiadeen Batcha M.,Sajith Ahamed A.,Ur Rahman M. Ashiq,Janarthanan S.,Krishnan M. 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

The present study aims to focus on the site of fat bodies involved in the differential expression of vitellogenin protein in Bombyx mori L which is not yet fully understood. Culturing fat bodies and analyzing in in vitro and in vivo approaches made it useful to study this pattern. In Bombyx mori, L. The vitellogenin protein is 200–205 kDa and resolves at two molecular weight regions that are at 180 kDa and 42 kDa. We subject dorsal perivisceral (DPV) and ventral perivisceral fat body (VPV), haemolymph for this radio labeling cell culture and incorporation experiment. Based on our in vitro and in vivo experiments of S 35 methionine fluorography, Scanning densito metric, Western blot analysis and RT-PCR expression studies had strongly proven that the ventral perivisceral fat body is the significant and exclusive site of differential vitellogenin expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori but not in dorsal peripheral fat body tissues, haemolymph by radiolabeling studies. The present paper describes an experimental set-up based on the incubation of ventral perivisceral and dorsal perivisceral fat bodies and the measurement of vitellogenin with S 35 protein labeling incorporation method. These findings from our lab were the first report proved by in vitro and in vivo labeling experiments.

Histological analysis and Transcriptional responses during wound healing in zebrafish upon AgNPs treatment

Seo Seung Beom,Dananjaya Sajith,Mahanama De Zoysa 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2016 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Can irregular bridges designed as per the Indian standards achieve seismic regularity?

Thomas, Abey E.,Somasundaran, T.P.,Sajith, A.S. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in computational design Vol.2 No.1

One of the major developments in seismic design over the past few decades is the increased emphasis for limit states design now generally termed as Performance Based Engineering. Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) uses Displacement Based Design (DBD) methodology wherein structures are designed for a target level of displacement rather than Force Based Design (FBD) methodology where force or strength aspect is being used. Indian codes still follow FBD methodology compared to other modern codes like CalTrans, which follow DBD methodology. Hence in the present study, a detailed review of the two most common design methodologies i.e., FBD and DBD is presented. A critical evaluation of both these methodologies by comparing the seismic performance of bridge models designed using them highlight the importance of adopting DBD techniques in Indian Standards also. The inherent discrepancy associated with FBD in achieving 'seismic regularity' is highlighted by assessing the seismic performance of bridges with varied relative height ratios. The study also encompasses a brief comparison of the seismic design and detailing provisions of IRC 112 (2011), IRC 21 (2000), AASHTO LRFD (2012) and CalTrans (2013) to evaluate the discrepancies on the same in the Indian Standards. Based on the seismic performance evaluation and literature review a need for increasing the minimum longitudinal reinforcement percentage stipulated by IRC 112 (2011) for bridge columns is found necessary.

AIDS Awareness: Indispensible Prerequisite Among Fishermen Population

Swapna B. Shetty,Darshan D. Divakar,M.H.N. Dalati,Sajith Vellappally,Sukumaran Anil,Marey A. Alshehry,Baher Felemban,Al S. Mamdouh,Obaid A. Alshahrani 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.5

Objectives: Fishermen are among the most vulnerable groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS with reported high prevalence. Poor knowledge base has been evidenced by a few studies. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among fishermen of the Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 950 fishermen of the Kutch coast, in the months of January-February 2015. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS of fishermen was assessed using structured interview schedules with 12 questions. The information on socio-demographic characteristics was also obtained. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The confidence level and level of significance were fixed at 95% and 5%, respectively. Results: A major proportion of participants (57.2%) had no access to any potential source of information and had never heard about HIV/AIDS (65.1%). Some of them were aware of modes of transmission of AIDS but only a few of them knew about the methods of prevention. Only 23.1% of participants were observed with appropriate knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed significant variation in the proportion of participants with appropriate knowledge with age and educational status.