The gastronomic cultures' impact on the African cuisine

Serdar Oktay,Saide Sadıkoglu 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.2

Background: The countries of the African continent have had centuries of European colonial rule. Historically, African countries have been influenced by gastronomic cultures of the colonial European countries and eventually developed their own gastronomic culture. Every country has adopted a different food culture from a neighboring society and every society has taken the food culture from those who migrated from far away countries. Methods: In this study, literature search was carried out on the gastronomic cultures transferred to African cuisines. Zimbabwe in the west, Nigeria in the east, Morocco in the north and Republic of South Africa in the south were selected for the research. Scientific researches, articles, graduate theses, printed scientific books and historical documents were examined for this study. Results: We see that African countries still use the culinary culture they received from the European civilizations they lived in the past years. Conclusion: The foods that they have transferred to their own country's culinary cultures still continue to be consumed with fondness. Historical relations play a very important role when evaluating the country kitchens.

The Effect of Supplementation of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Vascular Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes

Nilsel Okudan,Hu¨lagu Barısxkaner,Hakkı Go¨kbel,Aysxe Saide Sxahin,Muaz Belviranlı,Hatice Baysal 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11

Increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation could underlie many of the vascular complications associated with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a natural antioxidant, on vascular responses and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control rats, untreated diabetic rats, and GSPE (100 mg/kg, for 6 weeks)-supplemented diabetic rats. Thoracic aorta rings of the rats were mounted in organ baths, and relaxant responses to acetylcholine (ACh), A23187, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assayed in tissues precontracted with 60mM KCl. Plasma samples used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to ACh and A23187 were impaired, but endothelium-independent relaxation in response to SNP did not change in diabetic rats. Supplementation with GSPE significantly improved the relaxant responses to ACh and A23187. The MDA level was significantly elevated and the plasma SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats, but supplementation with GSPE attenuated the elevated MDA levels and increased plasma SOD activity. Thus supplementation of GSPE may attenuate oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and may restore endothelial function and reduce the risk of vascular disease in diabetes.

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

Lennartson, Elizabeth M.,Wang, Jun,Gu, Juping,Castro Garcia, Lorena,Ge, Cui,Gao, Meng,Choi, Myungje,Saide, Pablo E.,Carmichael, Gregory R.,Kim, Jhoon,Janz, Scott J. Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.20

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Spatial distribution of diurnal variations of aerosol properties in South Korea, both long term and short term, is studied by using 9 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sites from 1999 to 2017 and an additional 10 sites during the KORUS-AQ (Korea-United States Air Quality) field campaign in May and June of 2016. The extent to which the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry) model and the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) satellite retrieval can describe these variations is also analyzed. On a daily average, aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550<span class='thinspace'></span>nm is 0.386 and shows a diurnal variation of 20 to <span class='inline-formula'>−30</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% in inland sites, which is larger than the AOD of 0.308 and diurnal variation of <span class='inline-formula'>±20</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% seen in coastal sites. For all the inland and coastal sites, AERONET, GOCI, and WRF-Chem, and observed PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) data generally show dual peaks for both AOD and PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>, one in the morning (often at <span class='inline-formula'>∼08</span>:00-10:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, Korea Standard Time, especially for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5)</span> and another in the early afternoon (<span class='inline-formula'>∼14</span>:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, albeit for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> this peak is smaller and sometimes insignificant). In contrast, Ångström exponent values in all sites are between 1.2 and 1.4 with the exception of the inland rural sites having smaller values near 1.0 during the early morning hours. All inland sites experience a pronounced increase in the Ångström exponent from morning to evening, reflecting an overall decrease in particle size in daytime. To statistically obtain the climatology of diurnal variation of AOD, a minimum requirement of <span class='inline-formula'>∼2</span> years of observation is needed in coastal rural sites, twice as long as that required for the urban sites, which suggests that the diurnal variation of AOD in an urban setting is more distinct and persistent. While Korean GOCI satellite retrievals are able to consistently capture the diurnal variation of AOD (although it has a systematically low bias of 0.04 on average and up to 0.09 in later afternoon hours), WRF-Chem clearly has a deficiency in describing the relative change of peaks and variations between the morning and afternoon, suggesting further studies for the diurnal profile of emissions. Furthermore, the ratio between PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> and AOD in WRF-Chem is persistently larger than the observed counterparts by 30<span class='thinspace'></span>%-50<span class='thinspace'></span>% in different sites, but spatially no consistent diurnal variation pattern of this ratio can be found. Overall, the relatively small diurnal variation of PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> is in high contrast with large AOD diurnal variation, which suggests the large diurnal variation of AOD-PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> relationships (with the PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span><span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>∕</span><span class='thinspace'></span>AOD ratio being largest in the early morning, decreasing around noon, and increasing in late afternoon) and, therefore, the need to use AOD from<span id='page15126'/> geostationary satellites to constrain either modeling or estimate of surface PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> for air quality application.</p> </P>

Blind Channel Estimation and Equalization

Said Elkassimi,Said Safi,B. Manaut 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.12

This paper presents the problem of blind channel estimation of a non-minimum phase system using three algorithms. These algorithms play an important role for blindly estimate the parameters of radio mobile channel. Thus studying the problem of blind channel equalization based on, the proposed algorithm, CMA and SKMAA algorithms. The simulation results in noisy environment and for different SNR values demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more performing than other algorithms. In addition the Sign Kurtosis Maximization Adaptive Algorithm (SKMAA) is more powerful in comparison to constant modulus algorithm (CMA) at the blind channel equalization, that is to say gives the right equalization.

Highly Efficient Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor

Said Drid,Abdesslam Makouf,Mohamed-Said Nait-Said,Mohamed Tadjine 대한전기학회 2007 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.2 No.4

This paper deals with the high efficient vector control for the reduction of copper losses of the doubly fed motor. Firstly, the feedback linearization control based on Lyapunov approach is employed to design the underlying controller achieving the double fluxes orientation. The fluxes' controllers are designed independently of the speed. The speed controller is designed using the Lyapunov method especially employed to the unknown load torques. The global asymptotic stability of the overall system is theoretically proven. Secondly, a new Torque Copper Losses Factor is proposed to deal with the problem of the machine copper losses. Its main function is to optimize the torque in keeping the machine saturation at an acceptable level. This leads to a reduction in machine currents and therefore their accompanied copper losses guaranteeing improved machine efficiency. The simulation and experimental results in comparative presentation confirm largely the effectiveness of the proposed DFIM control with a very interesting energy saving contribution.

Highly Efficient Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor

Drid, Said,Makouf, Abdesslam,Nait-Said, Mohamed-Said,Tadjine, Mohamed The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2007 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.2 No.4

This paper deals with the high efficient vector control for the reduction of copper losses of the doubly fed motor. Firstly, the feedback linearization control based on Lyapunov approach is employed to design the underlying controller achieving the double fluxes orientation. The fluxes# controllers are designed independently of the speed. The speed controller is designed using the Lyapunov method especially employed to the unknown load torques. The global asymptotic stability of the overall system is theoretically proven. Secondly, a new Torque Copper Losses Factor is proposed to deal with the problem of the machine copper losses. Its main function is to optimize the torque in keeping the machine saturation at an acceptable level. This leads to a reduction in machine currents and therefore their accompanied copper losses guaranteeing improved machine efficiency. The simulation and experimental results in comparative presentation confirm largely the effectiveness of the proposed DFIM control with a very interesting energy saving contribution.

Oscillation of Higher Order Strongly Superlinear and Strongly Sublinear Difference Equations

Said R. Grace,Zhenlai Han,Xinhui Li 한국전산응용수학회 2014 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.32 No.3

We establish some new criteria for the oscillation of mth order nonlinear difference equations. We study the case of strongly superlinear and the case of strongly sublinear equations subject to various conditions. We also present a sufficient condition for every solution to be asymptotic at ∞ to a factorial expression (t)(m-1).

回敎律法과 國際人道法

Said El Dakkak 大韓赤十字社 人道法硏究所 1991 人道法論叢 Vol.- No.10·11

New Open Channel with Elliptic Sides and Horizontal Bottom

Said M. Easa,Ali R. Vatankhah 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.4

This paper presents a new general open channel section with elliptic sides and horizontal bottom. The proposed section producesspecial channel forms, such as a circular section with a horizontal bottom, a circular section, and a rectangular section. Exact andapproximate formulas for the area and perimeter of the channel are derived. These formulas are then used to develop an optimizationmodel for determining the optimal section design that minimizes the total construction cost for excavation and composite linings. Inaddition, the most hydraulically efficient elliptic section was derived. The constraints of the optimization model include channeldischarge and physical requirements, such as flow depth, top width, and side slope with fixed or depth-dependent freeboard. The costperformance of the proposed section was compared with another general open channel section (power-law) and the trapezoidalsection using different design scenarios. The results show that the new section is substantially more economical and more flexiblethan the existing power-law section, and is generally superior to the trapezoidal section.

Performance Improvement of GMSK Signaling in Fast Frequency-Selective Mobile Channels using Combined Offset Receiver Diversity and Decision Feedback Equalization

Said E. El Khamy,El Sayed A. Youssef,Abbas A. El Shamly 한국통신학회 1993 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications Vol.2 No.1