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Linking Assessment and Learning via Performance and Proficiency Assessment
Sahie Kang(강사희) 국제한국어교육문화재단 2016 국제한국어교육 Vol.2 No.2
한국어와 외국어 교육의 현장에서 80년대 후부터 의사소통 중심의 교육, 혹은 능숙도 (Proficiency) 지향 교육을 강조하고 실행한다고 하지만, 적어도 평가에 있어서는 많은 경우에 여전히 독립된 문법의 항목이나 어휘, 또는 관형구 등을 문장 또는 단 락 내에서 수동적으로 잘 알고 있는지만을 평가하는 경향이 있다. 이런 평가들은 학습자가 실제 원어민과의 언어생활에서 한국어 사용을 적절하게 잘 하고 있는지를 평가하는 것과 거리가 있다. 이 논문에서는 실제적인 한국어 사용의 수행 능력 평가 방법을 소개하고, 이 평가 방법이 교수법 및 교수자료의 개발과 직접적으로 연결되어서 확실한 역류효과 (Washback)가 있음을 제시한다. 특히 미국에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 능숙도 개 념을 기초로 해서 개발되어 사용되고 있는 말하기 능숙도 시험 (ACTFL Oral Proficiency Test)과 연계해서 개발된 통합적 수 행능력 평가 방식(Integrated Performance Assessment, IPA, Adair-Hauck, Glisan and Troyan, 2013)을 소개함으로 독립된 문법이나 어휘 항목의 인지 여부를 확인하는 것이 아니라 말하기, 듣기, 읽기, 쓰기를 통한 통합적인 평가를 통해 그것들의 실제 사용 능력을 확인할 수 있는 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 또한 이러 한 평가의 계획은 교과 과정의 구상에서부터 “역방향 설계”(Backward design, Wiggins and McTighe, 2005)를 통해 평가의 계획 이 교과과정개발의 단계보다 앞서서 이루어져야 한다는 점을 강조하고자 한다. “역방향 설계’는 수업 자료 개발에 앞서 학습자들이 학습이 성공적으로 학습 목표에 도달하고 있다는 증거가 과연 무엇인지를 먼저 결정하고 그 증거를 보여주는 효과적인 평가의 방법을 확정하는 방법으로서 미국의 외국어 교육계에서 교과과정 디자인의 합리적인 모델로 제시되는 방법이다.
Qurat-ul-ain Sahi,김용수 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.6
In this article, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of applied strainand temperature on irradiation-induced damage in alpha-zirconium. Cascade simulations were performedwith primary knock-on atom energies ranging between 1 and 20 KeV, hydrostatic and uniaxialstrain values ranging from 2% (compression) to 2% (tensile), and temperatures ranging from 100 to1000 K. Results demonstrated that the number of defects increased when the displacement cascadeproceeded under tensile uniaxial hydrostatic strain. In contrast, compressive strain states tended todecrease the defect production rate as compared with the reference no-strain condition. The proportionsof vacancy and interstitial clustering increased by approximately 45% and 55% and 25% and 32% for 2%hydrostatic and uniaxial strain systems, respectively, as compared with the unstrained system, whereasboth strain fields resulted in a 15e30% decrease in vacancy and interstitial clustering under compressiveconditions. Tensile strains, specifically hydrostatic strain, tended to produce larger sized vacancy andinterstitial clusters, whereas compressive strain systems did not significantly affect the size of defectclusters as compared with the reference no-strain condition. The influence of the strain system on radiationdamage became more significant at lower temperatures because of less annealing than in highertemperature systems.
Effects of 3.5 MeV Proton Irradiation on Pure Zirconium
Mohsin Rafique,San Chae,Qurat ul ain Sahi,Yong-Soo Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.3
The effects of high energy proton irradiation on pure zirconium were investigated in this study. The annealed Zr specimens (50 mm × 3 mm × 0.8 mm) were irradiated by 3.5 MeV hydrogen ions with dose ranges from 1×10 13 to 1 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 at 335 K. The range of the proton beam penetration was measured to be 68-70 μm, depending on the surface, which is in good agreement with the SRIM simulation results. X-ray diffractometer analysis revealed that the peak intensity of the basal plane increased and the position of the peak shifted due to the proton irradiation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that with increasing irradiation dose hydrogen micro-bubbles formed, concentrated, interconnected, and eventually burst due to the excessive hydrogen pressure inside, causing surface-crack development. Measured yield and ultimate tensile strength seemed to be insignificantly affected by the proton irradiation.
Waqas Wakil,M. Usman GHAZANFAR,Shahbaz Talib Sahi,권용정,M. Abdul Qayyum 한국곤충학회 2011 Entomological Research Vol.41 No.3
The efficacy of one new modified and two old meridic diets on Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for rearing six successive generations was studied. Duration of larval development for insects fed on the modified diet was considerably shortened as most of them went through only five stadia before pupation, while the per cent pupation and per cent eclosion were relatively higher than on other diets. The lowest pupal mortality (6.33 ± 0.13%) was recorded in the F1 generation reared on the modified diet, whereas the highest pupal mortality (19.49 ± 0.15%) was observed in insects reared on a natural diet in the F6 generation. Blending of chickpea Cicer arietinum L. and red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. flours with tomato paste proved highly favorable for adult reproduction. These results suggest that the vitality of the tomato fruitworm did not decline obviously after rearing on a modified diet for several generations.
Maibam, Punyakishore,Nawkar, Ganesh M.,Park, Joung Hun,Sahi, Vaidurya Pratap,Lee, Sang Yeol,Kang, Chang Ho Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.14 No.6
<P>Low temperature adversely affects crop yields by restraining plant growth and productivity. Most temperate plants have the potential to increase their freezing tolerance upon exposure to low but nonfreezing temperatures, a process known as cold acclimation. Various physiological, molecular, and metabolic changes occur during cold acclimation, which suggests that the plant cold stress response is a complex, vital phenomenon that involves more than one pathway. The C-Repeat Binding Factor (CBF) pathway is the most important and well-studied cold regulatory pathway that imparts freezing tolerance to plants. The regulation of freezing tolerance involves the action of phytochromes, which play an important role in light-mediated signalling to activate cold-induced gene expression through the CBF pathway. Under normal temperature conditions, CBF expression is regulated by the circadian clock through the action of a central oscillator and also day length (photoperiod). The phytochrome and phytochrome interacting factor are involved in the repression of the CBF expression under long day (LD) conditions. Apart from the CBF regulon, a novel pathway involving the Z-box element also mediates the cold acclimation response in a light-dependent manner. This review provides insights into the progress of cold acclimation in relation to light quality, circadian regulation, and photoperiodic regulation and also explains the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold acclimation for introducing the engineering of economically important, cold-tolerant plants.</P>