한국인 일본어학습자에 의한 일본어 모음의 장단 구분에 관한 음향음성학적 연구

사공 환 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2010 통합인문학연구 Vol.2 No.2

한국인 일본어학습자에 의한 일본어 모음의 생성에 단어 내 위치와 음절구조가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 모어화자 음성과 비교하며 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 한국인 일본어학습자의 일본어 모음 음성의 음향적 특성에 관해 다음과 같은 사실을 밝혀 낼 수 있었다. (1) 단어 내 위치에 관계없이 한국인 학습자가 발화한 일본어 단모음의 길이가 일본인화자의 단모음보다 긴 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 어휘적인 오류를 제외한 모음의 장단에 관한 오류는 장모음을 짧게 발음함으로써 발생하기보다는 단모음을 길게 발음함으로써 발생할 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 어두 위치에서보다 어말 위치에서 장모음과 단모음의 시간 간격이 더 줄어드는 경향이 있었다. (2) 음절구조와 모음의 길이와의 관계를 검토한 결과, 한국인 학습자의 어두 위치의 단음절의 모음은 직후에 장음절이 올 때보다 단음절이 올 때 더 긴 것을 알 수 있었다. 어말에서는 단음절 모음의 길이에 음절구조에 따른 유의미한 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. 한편, 장모음에 있어서는 음절구조와 관련해 어떤 위치의 장모음에서도 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. This paper investigates the affection of word position and syllable structure in the production of Japanese long and short vowels by Korean L2 learners. Subjects performed pronunciation tasks and the experimental sounds recorded were analyzed acoustically. The results showed the following facts : (1) Regardless of word position, it was discovered that the duration of Japanese short vowels by Korean learners was longer than those of Japanese. This result suggests that errors in the production of vowels by Korean learners may be caused by lengthening the duration of short vowels rather than the shortening of long vowels. The duration interval between the long vowel and short vowel in the word final position was shorter than in the initial word position. The review of the relationship between syllable structure and vowel length showed that the duration of short vowels in initial word position were longer before light syllables than before heavy syllables. In word final position and in long vowels, no significant differences with respect to the syllable structure were observed.

프로스타글란딘 E₁ 마이크로에멀젼이 함유된 액상좌제의 제조 및 평가

김정환,이사원,박경미,최한곤,김종국 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2000 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop a transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin E_(1)(PGE_(1))-loaded microemulsion, which undergoes a phase transition to gels at body temperature. The effects of oils, ethanol as solvent and HCI as pH-controlling agent on the physicochemical properties of liquid suppositories composed of poloxamer P 407. P 188 and carbopol was investigated. The stability of PGE_(1) and release of PGE_(1) from liquid suppository were evaluated. Oils such as Neobee and soybean oil significantly decreased the gelation temperature but increased the gel strength of liquid suppository due to their strongly binding with the components of liquid suppository base. However, ethanol slightly did the opposite. The pH of liquid suppositories hardly affected the gelation temperature and gel strength due to addition of very small HCI(0.005-0.01%). A liquid suppository [PGE_(1)/P 407/P 188/carbopol/Neobee/ethanol/HCI(0.4/14/14/0.4/7/2/0.005%)], which had the gelation temperature (34.2±0.6℃) and gel strength (31.35±4.37 sec) suitable for liquid sup-pository system, was easily administered and not leak out from the body. About 60% of PGE_(1) was released out within 2h from this formulation. It was shown that the release of PGE_(1) was proportional to the square root of time, indicating that PGE_(1) might be released from the suppository by Fickian diffusion. It was stable at 4℃ for at least 2months. The results suggest that transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin E_(1)-loaded microemulsion is thought to be a con-venient, safe and effective dosage form for PGE_(1). However, it should be further developed as a more convenient and stable dosage form for PGE_(1).

感潮河川水의 陸水學的 硏究 : 漢江下流 金浦大橋附近水域의 水質變動에 관하여 Variation of Water Qualities Near the Kimpo Bridge in the Down Area of Han River

洪思澳,羅圭煥,慶春浩 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The variation of water qualities in Kimpo of Han river was surved according to the tidal change and also investigated seasonal and regional variation of water qualities in june on summer season and in cotober on autumn season during 1979. Between the surface and the bottom in this Kimpo of Han river the water qualities didn't found any significant difference and also didn't found any difference in periodically. Considering from the value of Cl^-, SO^-_4^2, Na and total hardness the water qualities in Kimpo of Han river may be influenced by a little of the tidal water. The content of nitrogen, Cl^-, phosphate as a pollutant was foung in autumn on dry seaon higher more than in summer on rainy season. Judging from the seasonal variation of water qualities it was more polluted in autumn on dry season than in summer on rainy season. Especially in the drying season on autumn it was considered to be influenced from the sewverly polluted waste water of Bulgwang river and Anyang river. Compared with the water qualities in each site which have deviced 3 sampling points site 1, 2 and 3. Site 1 is north side of this area in which the waste water of Bulgwang river flow down mainly, site 2 is middle of this ares and site 3 is south side in which the waste water of Anyang river flow down mainly. In generally, the water quslities of all those sampling sites were remarkably polluted and especially in site 3 under the influence of Anyang river was found severly pollution than in site 2. The plankton of saprobic species such as Oscillatoria sp., Vorticella sp., Spirogyra sp. and Mougeotia scalaria, which was indicated for the pollution were found much in this area. So it could recognized that the water quality of Kimpoin Han river were remarkably polluted. Also it found some brackish species of planktons such as Brachionus sp., Sinocalanus tenellus and Alona guttata in this area so it considered to be influenced more or less by tidal water.

Influenza 流行모델의 改善에 관한 硏究

鄭亨煥,司空鍵,李光雨 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1981 硏究報告 Vol.5 No.2

A mathematical model, which can be used for the study of an influenza epidemic, was derived by using the property of incubation period. The main results are as follows. 1) The new-model shows more exactly the curve of response. 2) The standard deviation of normal distribution curve of the incubation period is about 1.5. The Authors believe that the method to study the influenza model in this paper will be helpful to study the characteristics of other epidemics. It will also contribute to the influenza-control model.

東海岸汽水湖의 陸水學的 硏究

洪思澳,羅圭煥 成均館大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

1. The quality of water and distribution of plankton were investigated of the 6 brackich lakes. Namely Hyang lake, Kwang po lake., Mai lake, Young rang lake, Song ji lake and Hwajin po lake, those which were situated in the east shore during May to December in 1972 and was studied limnological features of those 6 brackish lakes. 2. The average value of Cl'content, hardness and conductivity which had closely influence on the brackish water was measured in those 6 lakes. In the Hwa jin po lake, it found most high value of Cl'content, hardness and conductivity than the other 5 lakes and in the Kwang po lake, it found most lower value of those than the others. 3. From view point of monthly variation of the quality of water, the average value of Cl^-content, hardness and conductivity were a little higher during May and December than during August and October. Compared with the quality of water during May and during Deumber, during May it was substantially higher than during December. In all of the examined lakes except Song ji and Young rang it was substantially higher during August than during September but in Kwang po and Mai lakes, the average value of Cl￣content, hardness during September were higher than during August. 4. 29 sepecies of zooplankton and 82 species of phytoplankton were found in those 6 brackish lakes and so the total 111 species of plankton were confirmed. The dominant phytoplankton species were Lyngbya majuscula, Cocconeis placentula and Spyrogyra sp. and dominant zooplankton species were Sinbcalamus tenellus, Nauplius of Copepoda and Brachionus calyciflorus in those brackish lakes.

운동의 심리·사회적 혜택

양명환,남사웅 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1999 체육과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The participation in regular physical exercise can have positive effect on psycho-sociological changes as well as physiological-biochemical changes. Findings in literature concerning the special relationship between psychological wellbeing and regular physical activity have suggested that physical activity may modify state variable such as anxiety and depression. There is evidence that in addition to reducing levels of anxiety and depression. exercise can improve such psychological paramaters as self-confidence. feelings of control. self-determination. self-sufficiency. Exercise as an effective tool in promoting psychological wellbeing, positive and negative addiction to exercise are discussed. In sociological aspects. we have discussed socialization via sport. In general. sport proponents frequently claim that sport produce such desirable traits as democratic citizenship, moral character, adjusted personality. respect for constituted authority. cultivation of discipline. But at the other critics have condemned modern sport for excessive violence. overemphasis on winning. and exploitation of individuals. We have discussed in terms of these contrasting perspective. Whether traits. skills. and value learned in a specific sport context will carry over to other contexts depends upon several dimensions of social interaction.

통계적 에너지 해석법에 의한 선박소음 예측프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

김사수,현명환,김명현,이도경 부산대학교 1994 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.47 No.

선박에 있어서 소음은 공기중 소음(Airborne Noise), 구조전달 소음(Structureborne Noise), 수중방사 소음(Waterborne Noise)으로 나눌 수 있다. 선박소음을 예측하는 과정에서 고체소음전달해석은 직접적으로 예측결과의 정도에 영향을 미치므로 이에 대한 적절한 해석 기법의 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 고체음 전달해석을 수행하기 위하여 통계적 에너지 해석법(Statistical Energy Analysis-SEA)의 방법에 의해 고체소음 전달 손실을 이론적으로 예측하고 실험모델을 이용하여 각종 파라메터 추정 및 그에서 얻은 실험치와 비교분석을 함으로서 그 타당성을 확인하고 이의 결과를 보다 복잡한 선박구조물에 적용하여 고체소음 수준을 예측하는 방법으로서의 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. In order to build a quiet and comfortable ship, the noise levels on board ship must be predicted at early design stage. Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA) developed by R.H.Lyon has been well known to be the most useful frame work to study the energy flow of noise and vibration in structure. This paper applied this theory to predict the transmission loss of structureborne noise of model structure and have developed computer program. Components constructing model structure have been all considered as SEA elements. To examine the accuracy of the program, experiments were carried out on model structure with a white noise as a noise source. And we also estimated the SEA parameters from the model structure. The results of comparison between the calculated and measured data have shown good agreement.

5년간 시행된 인공치아매식술에 관한 일차보고

김수민,조사현,조세인,계기성,여환호,김영균,정재현 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.1

We experienced 152 endosseous implant surgery and prosthodontic restoration with edentulous jaw for 5 years from Mar. 1990. to Oct. 1995. 422 fixtures were implanted. the ratio of male to female was 1.38 : 1 and the range of age from 16 to 74 years. Most dominant group was 41 to 50 years group(36%). In our study, implant success rates showed 96% in mandible and 92% in maxilla. The major causes of implant failure of primery osseointegration(75%), overloading(15%), neurologic problem(5%), psychologic problem(5%).

牙山人工湖의 理化學的水質調査

沈英燮,羅圭煥,洪思澳 成均館大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The surface and bottom of the water quality in the Asan artificial reservoir have investigated in 6 sites according to the geographycal view points during 3 seasons, summer, autumn and winter. As compared the water quality of two areas near the dike with upper area at 4km distance from dike, it was not found any difference. Vertical variation of water quality was not found certainly difference between the surface and the bottom. Because the depth of this reservoir was no more than 3m, the water temperature was 1℃ high in the surface than bottom in summer, the conductivity increase 7.5μ? high in surface but in autumn and winter the conductivity increase in the bottom especially 12μ? and 13.2μ?. The another items of water quality didn't found any difference. According to the seasonal variation of water quality, the water temperature was 25.6℃ in summer, 17.4℃ in autumn and 4℃ in winter. The concentration of Cl^- was 26.6ppm in summer and gradually increase in autumn and winter especially 103.6ppm and 267.9ppm. The total hardness exhibit much the same tendency with Cl^- and most high in winter as 134.9 ppm. The content of K and Na was lower in summer but most high in winter especially 10.0 ppm and 159.3 ppm. The water quality of the Jin wi river which is one of the water source in this reservoir was severely polluted with industrial waste water. The content of total hardness 152ppm, conductivity 565μ?, the content of COD 6.7ppm, the content of Na 550ppm and the content of Fe 1.4ppm.

유한요소법을 이용한 판 구조물의 진동인텐시티 해석

조대승,이동환,김사수,정상민 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.57 No.-

구조물의 진동인텐시티를 파악하면 진동에너지 전달경로와 소산기구 및 주된 기지원의 위치 등을 규명할 수 있어 구조물 진동의 효율적 저감 대책을 수립할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박, 해양구조물 등과 같은 대형 복잡한 구조물의 진동인텐시티를 유한요소법으로 해석할 경우 적정한 모텔링 기법을 마련하고자 평판과 보강판에 대해 유한요소 모텔링을 달리 하면서 진동인텐시티 해석을 수행하고, 그 결과를 고전적 근사해법인 assumed mode method에 의한 결과와 비교·검토하였다. 이로부터 유한요법을 이용하여 판 구조물의 진동인텐시티 크기 및 방향을 정확하게 산정하기 위해서는 고유진동 또는 강제진동 해석의 경우보다 세밀한 유한요소 모텔링이 요구되지만 진동에너지 전달경로 규명 등을 위한 정서적 해석은 강제진동해석을 정확하게 할 수 있는 정도의 유한요소 모텔로도 가능함을 확인하였다. 아울러, 두께가 다른 평판 구조물, L-자형 판 구조물 및 3차원 box-girder에 대한 진동인텔시티 해석을 수행하여 다양한 판 구조물에 있어서 진동에너지의 전달 현상을 고찰하였다. The interest in evaluation of structural intensity arises for practical reasons, because net energy flow distribution offers information of energy transmission path, positions of sources, and sinks of vibration energy. In this paper, structural intensity analysis of plate structures using finite element method(FEM), which can be applied for more complex structures, is carried out. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the relative accuracy according to mesh fineness. The structural intensity of unstiffened and stiffened plates varying their mesh fineness is analyzed and the results are compared with those obtained by the assumed mode method. As results, the proper mesh size in qualitative/ quantitative structural intrnsity analysis of plate structures is proposed. In addition, the propagation phenomenon of vibration energy is investigated for the thickness-varying flat plate, L-type plate, and box-girder structures.