http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
The world data center on microorganisms
Sugawara, Hideaki The Microbiological Society of Korea 1989 微生物과 産業 Vol.15 No.1
It is our common understanding that biological materials like microorganisms, tissue and cell cultures, seeds, plants and animals are inevitable resources for the development of science and technology. Culture collections which are reservior of biological materials now occupy a central position in life sciences and biotechnology. The World Data Center of Microorganisms (WDC) is a infrastructure of culture collections in the world realizing quick and smooth exchanges of information and microorganisms to support research and development in those fields. The WDC was relocated from University of Queensland in Australia to out institute RIKEN in 1986. This article introduces a function for WDC in RIKEN (RIKAGAKU-KENKYUUSHO, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist
Sugawara, Reiko,Lee, Eun-Jung,Jang, Min Seong,Jeun, Eun-Ji,Hong, Chun-Pyo,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Park, Areum,Yun, Chang Ho,Hong, Sung-Wook,Kim, You-Me,Seoh, Ju-Young,Jung, YunJae,Surh, Charles D.,Miyasaka, Ma The Rockefeller University Press 2016 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.213 No.4
<▼1><P>Jang et al. show that eosinophils in the small intestine can suppress Th17 cell differentiation through the secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal eosinophils suppressed the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells, as well as IL-17 production by small intestinal CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Unlike other small intestinal immune cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra.</P></▼2>
Flow Balancing Hardware for Parallel TCP Streams on Long Fat pipe Network
Yutaka Sugawara,Mary Inaba,Kei Hiraki 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.2 No.2
Parallel TCP streams are used for data transfer between clusters in today's high performance applications. When parallel TCP streams are used on LFN, part of streams fail to get enough bandwidth because of congestion generated by the parallel TCP streams themselves [5]. As a result, data transfer throughput is bottlenecked by the slow streams. In this paper, we propose the Stream Harmonizer that schedules packet transmission of parallel TCP streams to balance the bandwidth. The purpose of the Stream Harmonizer is to reduce the congestion that is generated by the parallel TCP streams themselves to improve the performance of the slow streams. The Stream Harmonizer reduces congestion by reducing the bandwidth of fast streams by increasing the round trip time (RTT) of them. A hardware based lightweight scheduling algorithm is used to realize wire-rate intensive scheduling at highspeed backbone network. The Stream Harmonizer is able to schedule packets without exchanging additional information with end hosts. In this paper, we implement the Stream Harmonizer using TGNLE-1, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based 10Gbit Ethernet experimental testbed. In addition, we evaluate the Stream Harmonizer using an FPGA based network emulator.
Yuka Sugawara Kikuchi,Takashi Kanbayashi,Tetsuo Shimizu 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.4
ObjectiveaaThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of clozapine (C-CLZ), Ndesmethylclozapine (N-CLZ) and the daily dose of CLZ (D-CLZ), and the relationships among CLZ and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. MethodsaaTwenty-eight patients were recruited to this study, but 8 patients were excluded because clozapine was discontinued before the post-treatment measurement of EEG or C-CLZ. Ultimately, 20 patients (6 men, 14 women) with an average age of 36 years were enrolled. The subjects were divided into EEG normal and abnormal groups. C-CLZ and N-CLZ were measured at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after initiating CLZ administration. ResultsaaAll patients had normal baseline EEG signals, and 8 patients showed EEG abnormalities later. There were significant correlations between C-CLZ and D-CLZ, and between N-CLZ and D-CLZ. The C-CLZ/D-CLZ, N-CLZ/D-CLZ, and C-CLZ/N-CLZ ratio were not significantly different between the EEG normal and EEG abnormal groups. The EEG abnormal group had significant higher proportion of patients with high intra-individual variability in their C-CLZ/D-CLZ ratio. ConclusionaaThere is no relationship between C-CLZ and EEG abnormalities. However, patients with high intra-individual variability in their C-CLZ/D-CLZ ratio had greater possibility of exhibiting EEG abnormalities.
Desideratives and Person: Constructing a Semantic Map
Toshihiro Sugawara 세종대학교 언어연구소 2005 Journal of Universal Language Vol.6 No.2
This paper examines the implications of grammatical person for desiderative constructions from a cross-linguistic perspective. It is widely known that some grammatical systems in a language, such as pronoun systems, number distinction, and case marking systems, are sensitive to person diferences. In this study, in addition to such grammatical systems, it was found that gramatical person also affects the form of desiderative constructions in several languages. In languages such as Japanese, Korean, Hua, and Cocopa, the form of desiderative construction with third person subject is somewhat diferently constructed from that with first/second person subject. Also, in Samoan, the first and second person singular clitics are treated diferently from the other person/ number clitics in desiderative constructions. In addition, it was found in Tagalog that the third person pronoun shows a diferent pattern regarding the use I would like to thank Terry Janzen for his invaluable comments, advice, and suggestions throughout this study. I would also like to thank Christoph Wolfart and Lorna MacDonald for their invaluable comments. 118 Desideratives and Person: Constructing a Semantic Map of enclitic sana from lexical nouns and other person pronouns. In order to capture the phenomena found in these languages, then, a semantic map model is adopted in this study, and a conceptual space is proposed for desideratives within which the distinctions found in this study are represented.
Kazuhiro Sugawara,Noriyuki Iesato,Masaki Katayose 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.6
Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether segmental lumbar hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra in patients with spondylolysis occurs only at L5 or also occurs at L4. Overview of Literature: To the best of our knowledge, increase in segmental lordosis of the spondylolytic vertebrae has only been investigated in bilateral L5 spondylolysis; it has not been examined at different levels of bilateral spondylolysis. According to the characteristics of segmental lordosis in bilateral L5 spondylolysis, patients with bilateral L4 spondylolysis may also have increased segmental lordosis of the L4 vertebra. Methods: Patients with bilateral spondylolysis of the L5 or L4 vertebra in 2013–2015 were retrospectively identified from the hospital database. Standing lateral lumbar radiographs were assessed for the angle of segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis. The differences in segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis were determined using non-paired Student t -test. Results: Overall, 15 cases of bilateral L4 spondylolysis and 41 cases of bilateral L5 spondylolysis satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lordosis of the L4 vertebra was significantly greater in the bilateral L4 spondylolysis group (24.2°±7.0°) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group (20.3°±6.1°, p =0.047). Lordosis of the L5 vertebra was significantly lower in the L4 spondylolysis group (27.7°±8.2°) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group (32.5°±7.3°, p =0.040). The sacral slope and lumbar lordosis did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions: Adolescent patients with bilateral spondylolysis have segmental hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra not only at the L5 level but also at the L4 level.