Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Status in Breast Cancer in Relation to Age, Histological Grade, Size of Lesion and Lymph Node Involvement

Sofi, Gulam Nabi,Sofi, Junaid Nabi,Nadeem, Raja,Shiekh, Rayees Yousuf,Khan, Faroze Ahmad,Sofi, Abid Ahmad,Bhat, Hillal Ahmad,Bhat, Rayees Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in Kashmir. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing hormone receptor positivity and its correlation with age at diagnosis, tumor size, histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: 132 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, were included after excluding biopsies, in-situ lesions and recurrence cases. Results: Mean age of the patients was 48.2 years, 59.1% being ${\leq}50$ years of age. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.32 months. Most lesions (65.1%) were 2-5 cm and 16.7% were ${\geq}5.0$ cm in greatest dimension. The predominant (80.3%) morphology was IDC-NOS. The majority of the cases presented as grade II (52.1%) lesions and lymph node involvement was present in 65.2%. ER and PR were positive in 66.3% and 63.4% cases, respectively, increasing with rising age. High grade lesions and larger size tumors were more likely to be ER and PR negative. No correlation was found between ER/PR status and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study was found to be higher than studies done in India/Asia but lower than studies conducted in the West, even on Indian/Asian immigrants. Markedly lower receptor expression in Indian/Asian studies is likely due to preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer are strongly advocated for standardization of receptor evaluation and for clinical management of breast cancer patients to provide best therapeutic options.

노인의 지역사회 유동성과 참여에 대한 시각

Sofi Fristedt,Anders Wretstrand,Anita Bjorklund,Susan Corr,Torbjorn Falkmer 한국주관성연구학회 2012 Journal of Human Subjectivity Vol.10 No.1

Background/Aim: Community mobility supports participation in activities. However, knowledge about issues that influence community mobility and, hence, participation in activities outside the home is limited. Since participation and community mobility are subjectively defined phenomena, further knowledge from an insider``s perspective is needed. The aim of this study was to identify and describe viewpoints on community mobility and participation in older age. Methods: A Q-methodology study was conducted with 36 male and female participants, including drivers and non-drivers. Participants sorted 45 Q-statements along a most to least continuum, indicating their current habitual situation of mobility and participation in activities outside their homes. Results: Three viewpoints were found and assigned content-describing denominations; "Prefer being mobile by car, "Prefer being mobile by public transport" and "Prefer flexible mobility". Conclusions: All participants were satisfied with their actual participation in activities outside their homes. However, those who preferred to use public transport were less satisfied with their opportunities and possibilities to participate in activities outside their homes. The existing demand-responsive Special Transportation System was not considered to be an attractive enough alternative by any of the participants. Intermediate community mobility options are thus needed for those who can no longer drive or use public transport. 배경/목표: 지역사회의 유동성은 여러 활동의 참여에 영향을 미친다. 그러나 지역사회 유동성에 영향을 미치는 지식과 집 밖에서의 활동 참가는 매우 제한적이다. 참가와 지역사회 유동성이 주관적으로 판단되는 현상이기 때문에, 내부인의 견해가 반영된 더 많은 지식이 요구된다. 이 연구의 목표는 지역사회의 유동성과 참여에 대한 노인들의 견해를 조사하는 것이다. 방법: 36명의 남녀 참가자가 Q 방법론을 통해 연구에 참가하였고, 참가자 중에는 운전자와 비운전자가 포함되어있다. 참가자는 45가지의 Q 진술로 분류하였고, 그 진술은 그들의 유동성에 대한 현재의 습관적 상황과 집 밖에서의 활동에 대한 참여를 반영하고 있다.

Experiences of returning to elite beach volleyball after shoulder injury

Sofie Bele,Anna Hafsteinsson Östenberg,Rita Sjöström,Marie Alricsson 한국운동재활학회 2015 JER Vol.11 No.4

상담이 복지 탈출에 도움이 되는가?

Sofie Brodersen 한국노동연구원 2017 국제노동브리프 Vol.15 No.1

Effects of Short-Term Consumption of Bread Obtained by an Old Italian Grain Variety on Lipid, Inflammatory, and Hemorheological Variables: An Intervention Study

Francesco Sofi,Lisetta Ghiselli,Francesca Cesari,Anna Maria Gori,Lucia Mannini,Alessandro Casini,Concetta Vazzana,Vincenzo Vecchio,Gian Franco Gensini,Rosanna Abbate,Stefano Benedettelli 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of short-term dietary intake of bread obtained by a selected variety of old grain grown in Tuscany, Italy on some parameters related to the atherosclerotic process. Twenty healthy subjects (median age, 39.5 years) followed for 10 weeks a diet containing bread (150g/day) made from the test grain (test period) and for the same period a diet containing commercially available bread of the same quantity (control period). Lipid, inflammatory, and hemorheological profiles before and after dietary intervention were evaluated. The test period showed a significant (P<.05) improvement of total cholesterol (pre-intervention, 211.2±10.8mg/dL; post-intervention, 196.5±9.8mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (pre-intervention, 137.5±8.1mg/dL; post-intervention, 119.5±7.5mg/dL), whereas no significant changes during the control period were observed. With regard to inflammatory and hemorheological parameters, the test period showed a significant decrease in some of the parameters investigated (interleukin-8 [pre-intervention vs. post-intervention, 67.4±10.7 vs. 43.9±4.1pg/mL], whole blood viscosity at high [4.36±0.03 vs. 4.32±0.03mPa·s, respectively] and low [26.1±0.4 vs. 24.8±0.5mPa·s, respectively] shear rates, and erythrocyte filtration [8.4±0.7% vs. 9.1±0.6%, respectively]) relative to the control period, which showed no significant changes. Short-term dietary intake of whole grain bread obtained from an old grain variety seems to impose a favorable status with regard to lower circulating levels of markers of atherosclerosis.

CLUB CONVERGENCE ACROSS INDIAN STATES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

ARFAT AHMAD SOFI,S. RAJA SETHU DURAI 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.4

This study evaluates the Pair-wise approach (Pesaran, 2007) and Spatial Interaction Models to examine the income convergence across 22 Indian States from 1981-82 to 2010-11. Our findings identify a small number of pairs that support income convergence; however, overall there is no evidence of club convergence in Indian states. While considering these pairs as a measure of neighborliness in spatial models, there are evidences of convergence with significant spatial interaction that provides two inferences. First, a transitional behavior of Indian states towards higher steady state is evident and second, using only geographic boundary as a measure of neighborliness can underestimate the spatial interaction in a highly technologically connected world.

근로빈곤층 경제활동상태 변화와 복지정책 수요

김현경,노대명,임완섭,김혜원,( Sofie T. N. Brodersen ),( Isamu Yamamoto ),이병재 한국보건사회연구원 2016 한국보건사회연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

Ⅰ. 서론 한국을 비롯한 세계 각국의 노동시장에서 고용형태는 급격하게 다양화되고 있다. 이러한 근로형태의 확산으로 인해 많은 노동자들이 실직이나 저임금과 같은 사회적 위험에 노출되고, 이로 인해 근로빈곤 문제가 심각해지고 있다. 이러한 환경 변화에 대응해서 근로빈곤층을 어떻게 보호할 것인가는 많은 국가가 당면한 정책현안이자 학문적 연구대상이 되었다. Ⅱ. 근로빈곤층 실태와 지원 정책 본 연구는 근로빈곤층을 “가구소득이 빈곤선 이하에 속한 가구 중 취업자 또는 구직자가 1인 이상 포함되어 있는 가구의 구성원”으로 정의하고자 한다. 근로빈곤층의 실태를 가구주의 취업상태별로 살펴보면 가구주의 취업상태가 가구의 빈곤지위에 큰 영향을 미치며, 가구주가 실직상태이거나 임시직 등 노동조건이 열악한 일자리를 가진 경우 빈곤위험이 높다. 한국의 특성상 영세자영업자의 빈곤위험도 매우 높다. 연령별로 살펴보면, 청년층과 장년층의 고용지위가 열악하고, 이는 곧 빈곤위험을 높인다. 개인단위의 청년실업률 급증의 문제는 가구의 소득지위에도 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 연령대별로 가구지출의 특성을 살펴보면, 자녀가 있을 것으로 예상되는 핵심근로연령층과 준장년층에서 소득감소 시 교육비 박탈과 식료품 결핍이 예상된다. 주거비는 어느 계층에서나 경직적으로 나타나므로 이에 대한 공공부조, 그리고 비시장적 주택정책이 요구된다. Ⅲ. 근로빈곤층 고용불안정과 고용보험: 일본 사례 일본은 비정규직의 급격한 증가로 고용불안정 문제를 한국보다 앞서 경험하였고 이에 대한 정책적 대응으로 고용보험제도를 개편하였다. 본 장에서는 이러한 고용보험의 확대가 근로빈곤 문제의 해결책으로 얼마나 유효한지를 검증하기 위해 일본가계패널조사를 이용하여 노동시장의 고용형태와 빈곤의 관계를 분석한다. 빈곤 여부를 종속변수로 한 변량효과 프로빗모델을 추정한 결과 정규고용과 비교할 때 다른 모든 고용형태의 빈곤위험이 더 높았으며 이 영향은 경기 상태와 정책 변화를 고려한 기간에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 즉, 2010년 비정규직에 대한 고용보험이 확대하면서 비정규직의 빈곤위험이 낮아졌으며 이것은 고용보험 확대가 근로빈곤 대응책으로 고려될 수 있음을 의미한다. 그러나 고용보험 대상의 확대가 가지는 현실적인 한계 또한 감안해야한다. Ⅳ. 청년 활성화 정책: 덴마크 사례 덴마크의 노동시장은 낮은 수준의 고용보호, 관대한 실업급여, 광범위한 ALMP의 특성을 지닌다. 실업급여와 ALMP를 어떻게 조화시켜야 하는지는 현재 덴마크에서 주된 논쟁거리다. 본 장은 콕스 비례 해저드 모형 분석을 통해 현금급여와 활성화 정책이 실업기간과 고용안정성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 두 정책의 조합에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 분석 결과, 덴마크의 ALMP가 큰 비용과 많은 시간을 소진하며서도 반드시 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 보기는 힘든 것으로 나타난 반면, 다수의 연구에서 평가한 것처럼 ALMP 프로그램 외에 사회복지사와의 미팅과 임금보조금 등은 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러므로 상담 형태의 취업지원서비스를 추가적으로 연구하고 이를 고려할 필요가 있다. Ⅴ. 근로빈곤층 소득지원 정책의 방향 본 장에서는 한국복지패널조사를 사용하여, 현행 사회보장시스템이 근로빈곤에 미치는 영향과 다양한 시나리오에 따른 대안적 사회보장시스템이 근로빈곤에 미치는 영향을 추정하고자 한다. 근로장려세제, 실업급여, 실업부조의 도입으로 인해 빈곤율 감소가 얼마나 이루어지며 빈곤갭은 얼마나 줄어드는지를 살펴보는 것이 주요 분석 내용이다. 분석 결과, 근로장려세제는 다른 제도에 비해 빈곤율 감소 효과는 높게 나타난 반면 빈곤갭 감소 폭 자체는 작은 편이며, 실업부조제도가 빈곤갭을 감소시키는 데는 더 큰 효과를 보였다. 실업급여제도는 실업부조제도나 근로장려세제에 비해 빈곤율 및 빈곤갭 감소에서 우월한 성과를 보여주지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 빈곤 문제에 대처함에 있어서 현행 실업급여제도에 비해 근로장려세제와 실업부조가 더 나은 성과를 보여줌을 확인할 수 있지만 이러한 평가가 어느 한 제도가 다른 제도를 대체하는 식의 정책결론으로 이어지는 것은 적절치 않으며, 세 가지 제도의 특성을 고려한 통합적, 보완적 배열이 필요하다. Ⅵ. 근로빈곤층의 복지욕구 본 장에서는 한국복지패널을 사용하여 한국 근로빈곤층은 어떠한 경제활동상태 변화를 경험하고 있는지, 이에 따라 소득지출과 소비지출이 어떻게 변화하고 있고 이 과정에서 어떠한 복지욕구가 강하게 나타나고 있는지, 그리고 이러한 복지욕구를 충족시키기 위해서는 어떠한 정책지원을 강화해야 하는지를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 각 근로가능집단이 취업하지 못하는 경우 빈곤이 지속되는 비율이 다른 집단에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이는 취업이 해당 가구의 빈곤탈출에 큰 영향을 미친다는 점을 보여준다. 또한 가구소득의 변화와 빈곤 여부는 가구의 소비지출에도 영향을 미치게 되며, 그중에서도 생활비, 주거비, 교육비, 의료비 등에서 격차와 박탈이 심화된다는 점을 지적할 수 있다. 이러한 기초적 욕구 충족을 보장하기 위해 현물급여와 서비스를 강화할 필요가 있다. Ⅶ. 근로빈곤층 지원 정책 제언 근로빈곤층에 대한 정책적 대응을 세 가지 측면에서 제시하면 사회보험, 비기여형 복지제도, 현물급여와 사회서비스 강화이다. 사회보험 강화는 고용보험 적용 대상의 확대를 의미하며, 비기여형 복지제도는 생계급여의 분리와 근로장려세제, 취업성공패키지 등을 확대하는 것, 그리고 현물급여와 사회서비스 강화는 의료보장, 주거보장, 돌봄서비스 교육보장 등의 기초급여를 강화하는 것이다. 이 연구는 근로빈곤층의 복지욕구를 충족시키기 위해서는 근로빈곤층을 대상으로 하는 현물급여와 서비스를 확대하고, 근로빈곤층 대상 생계급여제도를 분리시켜 비경제활동(비경활)인구에 대한 보호를 강화할 것을 제안한다. 또한 근로장려세제와 취업성공패키지는 근로유인과 취업지원이라는 본래의 기능을 제대로 발휘하도록 하고, 소득보장제도와 취업지원 제도를 연계해 하나의 제도로 구축하되 실업부조제도보다 근로빈곤층 전체를 아우르는 제도로 발전시킬 필요가 있다. This study aims at proposing better welfare policies for working poor by evaluating each policies and simulating some scenarios. We evaluate the Japanese unemployment insurance in terms of poverty rates using the Japan Household Panel Survey (JHPS). The finding is the coverage expansion of the unemployment insurance for non-regular workers with much shorter job durations in 2010 contributed to lower poverty rates. This report also analyzes the impacts of active labor market policies in Denmark; overall the policies tend not to help the unemployed youth exit unemployment. Only subsidized employment and caseworker meetings seem to be effective. We also consider some scenarios with different coverage and amounts of unemployment benefits, participation benefits from the ALMP, and earned income tax credit (EITC). The simulation results show that EITC is efficient for lowering poverty rates, but unemployment assistance is better for reducing poverty gaps. For better meeting basic needs of working poor families, benefits in kind need to be considered instead of benefits in cash. Families into poverty tend to reduce the expenditures for foods and education, but cannot reduce the housing costs. Housing benefit is crucial for keeping the inelastic needs, and livelihood benefits and education benefits are also important for avoiding deprivation. In sum, in the Korean labor market where non-regular employments keep rising, the social protection system for working poor needs improvement by focusing on public assistance and adequate combination of benefits and employment services.

Optimization of the whole extract of Zarawand Mudaharaj (Aristolochia rotunda L.) root by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

MD Zakir Ansari,Ghulamuddin Sofi,Hamiduddin,Haqeeq Ahmad,Rabia Basri,Abrar Alam 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.3

The chemical constitution of a drug has been accepted as an important basis for pharmacological action in Unani medicine. Various dosage forms have been developed on this concept, such as decoctions (Joshanda), infusions (Khesanda), extract (Rub / Usara), and syrup. Zarawand Mudaharaj (ZM.) / Aristolochia rotunda L. root was subjected to extraction process using Soxhlet’s apparatus by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to design the number of random runs of the extracts with variation in the factors of temperature, the concentration of ethanol in water, time for extraction, for optimizing and maximizing the yield concentration. The data obtained, was analyzed with regression equation and ANOVA two-way summary to interpret the interaction of the factors for yield maximization. Minitab version 18 was used to design and analyze data. Validation of the optimum conditions for maximum yield of the whole extract of ZM. Root was carried out by re-run of the extract using the optimized conditions. The maximum yield percentage thus obtained using RSM was 20.87% whereas using these optimum conditions 21.35 % yield was obtained thereby validating the method. The association between the response functions and the process variables was identified by a three-factor recorded Box-Behnken design. In the present study RSM is used because itis a cheap and affordable method to optimize maximum yield percentage which may be reliably used by researchers. The study set in the surface conditions for ZM. root extraction by the Soxhlet apparatus for maximizing the yield percentage.

ESEIABS: Energy and spectrum efficient hybrid technique for 5G and beyond networks using interference aware beam selection

Shiekh Javaid A.,Sofi Ishfaq Bashir,Bhat Zahid A.,Parah Shabir A. 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.5

Energy and spectral efficiency are attracting attention as “emerging technology” that exploits the opportunities of sensing, communications and artificial intelligence. This paper proposes the features of these state of art techniques a new energy and spectrum efficient technique for 5G and beyond networks. By using Interference aware (IA) beam selection in beam-space MIMO, the large number of users are supported with a smaller number of radio-frequency (RF) chains at the same time and frequency resource. It has been observed from the proposed scheme that the achievable sum-rate of mm-wave channel model is also improved. From the simulation results it is found that Interference aware (IA) beam selection is used in beam-space to minimize the total obligatory RF-chains in mm-wave massive MIMO communication systems without noticeable loss in performance.

Flexural Capacity Prediction Model For Steel Fibre‑Reinforced Concrete Beams

Aocheng Zhong,Massoud Sofi,Elisa Lumantarna,Zhiyuan Zhou,Priyan Mendis 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.4

Steel fibre (SF) reinforcement has been shown to improve the ductility of high strength concrete (HSC), which is known to be brittle. Research conducted to date on steel fibre reinforced concrete and its effects have emphasised post-failure performance and cracking mechanism. The difficulty in predicting the behaviour of fibres is due to the randomly distributed nature of the material within the matrix leading to a probability distribution of results. Published literature has shown a benefit of adding steel fibres in terms of the ductility performance of structures. Clearly, there is a potential for such material as replacement of conventional steel reinforcement. This study proposes a theoretical model of evaluating the potential of using steel fibres as a replacement material to conventional steel reinforcement bars based on the case study, laboratory and theoretical methodologies. The compressive strength of the concrete at key dates, the effective fibre cross-sectional were measured, and a prediction model was created based on the measurement parameters. The use of four-point flexural testing, standard compressive testing and software image modelling provided the study with relevant data used to analyse and compare to the prediction. Greater ductility performance and toughness were observed with increased fibre volumes, confirming proposed predictions and conclusion drawn from published literature. No consistent or conclusive correlations between fibre volumes and the compressive strength of concrete were found. A relationship between fibre volumes and predicted moment capacities of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams was found based on the proposed theoretical flexural analysis method.