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Comprehensive approach to controlling chronic hepatitis B in China
Shan Shan,Xinyan Zhao,Jidong Jia 대한간학회 2024 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.30 No.2
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was highly endemic in China, where the prevalence of HBsAg was 9.7% in 1992. Comprehensive strategies, including universal infant hepatitis B vaccination with emphasis on timely birth-dose and 3-dose coverage, dramatically reduced the mother-to-infant transmission and early childhood acquisition of HBV, resulting in estimated HBsAg prevalence rates of 5.6% and 0.1% in the general population and among children aged <5 years in 2022, respectively. Clinical guidelines on the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B have been periodically updated based on emerging evidence from clinical research. The continuously improved reimbursement policy and the massively reduced price of antiviral drugs through government negotiation and central procurement have increased treatment accessibility and affordability. However, due to the low rates of diagnosis and treatment, China still faces a large challenge in achieving the 2030 goal of lowering HBV-related mortality by 65%. A public health approach involving concerted efforts from the government, medical community, industry, and society as a whole would be necessary to increase the uptake of HBV tests and treatment to achieve the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
Shanshan Liu,Di Wu,Lin Li,Xiao Sun,Wei-Dong Xie,Xia Li 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.8
1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8a-lactone (OEL),a novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compound, has beenshown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cell lines andinduce significant apoptosis. Here, we investigated the anticanceractivities of OEL in human lung cancer cells. Ourstudies demonstrated that OEL induced both apoptosis andautophagy in A549 and H460 cells. OEL-induced autophagywas assessed by appearance of autophagic vacuoles,formation of acidic vesicular organelles, conversion ofLC3-I to LC3-II, recruitment of LC3-II to the autophagosomes,and activation of autophagy genes. Furthermore,administration of autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenineaugments OEL-induced apoptotic cell death. The inductionof autophagy and apoptosis by OEL links to NF-jB activationand the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interruption of NF-jB activation by specific inhibitor promotesapoptosis, but decreases autophagy. ROS antioxidants(N-acetylcysteine) attenuated both OEL-inducedautophagy and apoptosis. Further experiments confirmedthat OEL-induced activation of ROS was increased by NFjBinhibitor whereas NF-jB activation was not affected by ROS inhibition. These findings suggest that OEL-elicitedautophagic response plays a protective role that impedescell death, and inhibition of autophagy could be anadjunctive strategy for enhancing the chemotherapeuticeffect of OEL as an antitumor agent.
Quantized DCT Coefficient Category Address Encryption for JPEG Image
( Shanshan Li ),( Yuanyuan Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.4
Digital image encryption is widely used for image data security. JPEG standard compresses image with great performance on reducing file size. Thus, to encrypt an image in JPEG format we should keep the quality of original image and reduced size. This paper proposes a JPEG image encryption scheme based on quantized DC and non-zero AC coefficients inner category scrambling. Instead of coefficient value encryption, the address of coefficient is encrypted to get the address of cipher text. Then 8*8 blocks are shuffled. Chaotic iteration is employed to generate chaotic sequences for address scrambling and block shuffling. Analysis of simulation shows the proposed scheme is resistant to common attacks. Moreover, the proposed method keeps the file size of the encrypted image in an acceptable range compared with the plain text. To enlarge the cipher text possible space and improve the resistance to sophisticated attacks, several additional procedures are further developed. Contrast experiments verify these procedures can refine the proposed scheme and achieve significant improvements.
Construction Principles and Evaluation Standard of China High-Tech Prak Ecosystem
Shanshan Wang,Hongqi Wang 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10
High-tech parks in China have promoted regional economic development and technological innovation to a great extend and meanwhile brought the problems of high -tech pollutions, With the acceleration of Chinese new-type industrialization process and the promotion of national eco-industry park construction by government, constructing the park ecosystem has become the inevitable development trend of all high-tech parks . On the basis of analyzing high ?tech parks development and ecological construction situation this paper puts forward the high-tech park ecosystem component factors and construction principles. By proposing the evaluation emphases of high-tech park ecosystem. it designs the ecosystem evaluation index and standard from five aspects. The research of this paper aims at providing development thought and evaluation basis for ecological of high-tech parks and it is helpful for high-tech parks to improve their ecological management level.
Shanshan Li,Yoonji Ryu,Hansol Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2022 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.7 No.4
The Chinese Super League (CSL) is the top tier football league in China and over the past 10 years has expanded rapidly in terms of popularity, brand strength, and name recognition. Despite the CSL’s rapid development, limited empirical research has been done to examine the league and what drives demand in attending the games. Thus, in order to gain a better understanding of CSL and identify unique patterns of demand for professional sports leagues in China, this study used data from the 2017–2019 CSL regular seasons to examine the relationship between various stadium determinants and game attendance. Moreover, the nested structure found in attendance data was considered, thus adopting multilevel modeling (MLM) to analyze game level and home team level variables to predict stadium attendance in the CSL. Our findings reveal that 12 variables significantly influenced attendance, with variables related to home teams showing more relevance to explaining stadium attendance than game level variables.
Shanshan Li,Fang Ding,Xinghuan Lin,Zhiguang Li,Xuehong Ren 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3
In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid intumescent flame-retardant composed of nanosilica (SiO2) coveredwith polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phytic acid (PA) was coated on cotton fabrics by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly toimprove flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. FT-IR, SEM and EDX were used to characterize the deposition of SiO2-PEI/PA on the surface of cotton fabrics. The LbL assembly process had a minor effect on the tensile strength of cotton fabrics. With the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon, the coated cotton fabrics with only 7 bilayers exhibited excellent flame retardancy with an LOI value of 33.7 % and a char length of 7.5 cm. TG analysis results showed that cotton/(SiO2-PEI/PA)7 had 40.7 % char residue at 600 oC, compared with 8 % char residue of uncoated cotton fabrics. Cone calorimetry test confirmed that cotton/(SiO2-PEI/PA)7 displayed a major reduction in peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of 75 % and total heat release (THR) of 52 %.
Research in Distributed Evolution based on Real-time Collaboration Technology
Shanshan Wang,Liping Gao,Sizhen Zhu,Chunxue Wu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.3
Evolution design takes the advantage of the evolution technology into the art design, and designers can achieve satisfactory products by performing evolutionary operations. It’s a powerful method in the procedure of the art design. However, the traditional evolution running on single site leads to the low efficiency and the less diversity. In addition, the products just represent the aesthetics of the single site. Based on these problems, this paper aims at using distributed evolution technology to complete the collaborative evolution, broadcasting evolutionary operations among distributed sites and executing evolutionary operations on each site. Then, the acquired products could represent the aesthetics of most sites due to its rich diversity. The paper mainly solves the problems of the operation conflicts which come from different sites, builds a new hybrid document model designs several algorithms based on Operation Transformation (OT) to solve the conflicts, and describes the procedure of the consistency maintenance. The proposed solution has been theoretically verified for its correctness in hybrid model.