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구홍두,최옥경,장석준,정구영,이정운,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Inspite of immunization, TETANUS remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Tetanus has been still occurred more frequently in developing countries where immunization programs are inadequate. In Korea, there is a routine immunuzation schedule with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus(DPT) vaccines at 2,4,6 month after birth at 18 month. But further prophylactic programs are not exist. Moreover, we have usually used only passive immunization, tetanus antitoxin, as a prophylactic regimen for injured patients instead of guidelines of Center for Disease Control. The purpose of this study was to assess the baseline tetanus immunity state and to suggest the proper immunization schedule and adequate prophylactic guideline for injured patients in Korea. One hundred thirty one trauma patients from emergency department of Severance hospital from September to November of 1993 were included. Antietanus antibody titers of the patients were analyzed by ELISA assay. The mean antitetanus antibody titer was 0.728 ±0.236IU/mL. The titers were diminished rapidly with age. In pediatric group(age under 15), the mean titer was 3.251 ±0.426 IU/mL and in geriatric group(age over 64), the mean titer was 0.007 ±0.002 IU/mL which was below the minimal protective antibody titer(0.01 IU/mL). While all of the pediatric patients have protective antibody titer, only 69.2% of young adults(15-39, n=65), 56.7% of adults(40-64, n=30), and 57.2% of geriatrics(>65, n=14) have protective antibody titer. Our results suggest that tetanus prophylaxis is unnecessary in the age under 14. In other age groups, however, our data strongly support the need of prophyulaxis.
김승년,구영완 한국은행 2005 經濟分析 Vol.11 No.1
본 논문은 국내의 경우 소비지출을 예측하는데 소비자신뢰지수가 유용한가를 통계적 기법을 통해 분석하고 있다. 삼성경제연구소와 한국은행의 소비자신뢰지수를 이용한 실증분석 결과, 국내 소비자신뢰지수의 예측력이 대체로 매우 낮지만 한국은행의 미래소비지수는 미래의 소비지출 예측에 있어 어느 정도 유용한 변수로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 본 논문이 시사하는 점은 국내의 미래소비지출 예측시 대표소비자신뢰지수 혹은 미래지수 등을 이용하기보다 한국은행 미래소비지수를 이용하는 것이 현시점에서 가장 유용한 선택인 것으로 보인다. 그러나 한국은행의 미래소비지수는 차선책임에 유의할 필요가 있다. 한국은행 미래소비지수가 다른 신뢰지수에 비해 상대적으로 우월하지만 발표시점이 삼성경제연구소지수에 비해 한달 반 가량 늦기 때문에 이 지수를 이용하기 위해서는 당해 분기말까지 기다려야 하는 등의 문제점이 있다. This paper examines the ability of consumer sentiment index in forecasting consumption expenditures in South Korea. The two most widely known measures of consumer sentiment in South Korea - from Samsung Economic Research Institute and the Bank of Korea - were used for empirical tests. Only the future consumption index released by Bank of Korea was found to have some predictive power in forecasting consumption growth. It needs to be recognized, however, that the predictive power of the future consumption index from the Bank of Korea is restrictive in that the formal announcement time of the index is one and half a month late compared to the index of Samsung Economic Research Institute.
구자삼,조효제,이승철 한국해양대학교 해양과학기술연구소 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1
A three-dimensional linearised potential theory is presented for the prediction of motions and dynamic structural responses of twin-hull ships travelling with forward speed in regular waves. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are shown for the motion responses and lateral wave loads of an ASR(anti-submarine rescue) catamaran. In general, good agreement between theory and experiment is found except for some discrepancies that are believed to be caused by neglect of forward speed effects on free surface.
김승호,박영구,고재철 三陟大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.33 No.2
In this study, we synthesized Mn₃O₄ by the different equivalent ratio, investigated XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, BET, and the amount of adsorption of carbon dioxide. As the results, we surveyed that XRD main peak was Mn₃O₄, some peak was MnO₂ and Mn??O??, SEM was globular-shape of the majority, some neele-shape, TG-DTA had weight-loss from 100℃ to 400℃ and endothermic reaction over 400℃, BET was 14.16∼29.63㎡/g and the amount of chemisorption of carbon dioxide was 2.885∼19.628cc/g. Optimal equivalent ratio was 1.00 to the physi-chemisorption of carbon dioxide.
뇌졸중 위험인자를 가진 어지럼 환자에서의 확산강조 자기공명영상
강형구,윤유상,이진희,박인철,이경룡,정상원,구홍두,김승호 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4
Background: The management of vertiginous patients is a great challenge to emergency physicians. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a diffusion-weighted image(DWI) in differentiating central vertigo from the peripheral vertigo in patients who presented no neurological symptoms other than risk factors for stroke. Methods: From March 2000 to February 2001, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 68 patients who visited the emergency department with symptoms of isolated vertigo and who had risk factors for stroke. DWIs, computed tomograms(CT), and medical records were reviewed, and the final diagnose, the DWIs and the CT readings, the risk factors for stroke, and the time it took waiting for a DWI or CT scan were analyzed. Results: Of the 68 patients, 21(30.8%) had central vertigo: 15 vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks(VB-TIA), 4 brain stem infarctions, 1 cerebellar infarction, and 1 cerebellopeduncular infarction. The DWI showed a 28.6% sensitivity, a 97.9% specificity, and an 85.7% positive predictive value in diagnosing central vertigo. It also had a 100% sensitivity in detecting infarctions. Conclusion: A DWI had a comparable sensitivity to MRI in detecting central vertigo and small, but potentially, lethal infarctions in our patient population. We recommend clinical application of DWI in the emergency department evaluation of isolated vertigo patients with risk factors for stroke.
한국인 정상교합자의 natural head position시 안모의 연조직에 대한 측모두부방사선학적 분석
강승구,이영준,박영국 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.5
이 연구의 목적은 한국인의 연조직 측모두부방사선학적 기준치를 설정하고, 이를 성별간, 인종간 비교하여, 한국인의 치아안모 변이를 위한 교정적 진단과 치료계획을 확립하기 위한 한 가지 기준을 제안하고자 하는데 있다. 저자들은 균형 잡힌 안모를 가진 젊은 한국인 성인 남녀 각 27명, 20명을 선발하였다. 이들의 평균연령은 남자 23.8±2.6세, 여자 22.5±1.7세였다. 높은 신뢰성과 재현성을 가진 natural head position에서 측모두부방사선사진을 촬영하였고, 필름을 트레이싱한 뒤 Arnett등이 소개한 분석요소들을 이용하여 계측하였다. 그 결과를 독립 모수 검정을 통하여 한국인 남녀를 우선 비교하였고, 한국인 남녀 각 군을Arnett등이 제시한 백인들의 남녀 기준치와 비교하였다. 그 결과로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 한국인 남자는 한국인 여자보다 전반적으로 비후한 하안모 연조직과 작은 비순각, 긴 안면고경, 깊은 측모상, 그리고 더 돌출된 하안모를 가지고 있었다. Arnett등이 제시한 백인 기준치와의 비교에서는 한국인이 남녀 모두에서 덜 노출되는 상악 절치를 제외하고는 전반적으로 더 긴 안면 길이를 보였고, 더 짧은 측모 깊이를 보였다 또한 두 인종 모두상악 구조물들은 TVL에서부터 유사한 수평적 위치에 있었으나, 한국인 군에서 유의성있는 상악-하악간 전후방적 거리차를 나타내었다. 이는 한국인이 백인에 비해 기준선인 TVL로부터 하악 구조물들이 상대적으로 더 후퇴되어 있음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 균형잡힌 안모를 가진 개체의 안면각은 성, 인종에 상관없이 170도 전후를 나타내어 보편적으로 신뢰할 만한 평가항목으로 사료되었다. This study was performed to establish Korean soft tissue cephalometric norms, to compare the norms between sexes and between races, and then to suggest a guideline to execute orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for dentofacial deformities in Korean. Young Korean adults were selected. They were 27 males (23.8±2.6-year-old) and 20 females (22.5±1.7-year-old) who had harmonious facial balance. After taking lateral cephalograms under the natural head position which is widely known as a highly reliable and reproducible reference position, films were traced and analysing factors were measured as introduced by Arnett et al. Comparisons were done between male and female groups and between Korean and Caucasian groups using unpaired t-test. From the results it was concluded that Korean male had generally thicker lower facial soft tissue and smaller nasolabial angle, longer facial height, deeper facial depth, and more protrusive lower face than Korean female. From the comparison with Caucasian norms adopted from the research of Arnett et al., both Korean male and female showed longer facial lengths generally except less exposed maxillary incisor, and shorter facial depth than Caucasian counterparts. Also, both races showed similar horizontal position of maxillary structures from TVL (true vertical line), but there were more significant anteroposterior differences of maxilla-mandible in Korean groups. These results mean Korean had relatively more retruded mandibular structures from the reference line, TVL. Individuals who had harmonious facial balance showed similar facial angle, more or less 170 degree, regardless of sexes or races.
박승병,한민철,한천구 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2008 産業科學硏究 Vol.25 No.2
This paper is to provide the results of VE(Value Engineering) analysis at the design phase of apartment considering scaled paired comparison method. Scaled paired comparison method is applied to evaluate defined function quantitatively. VE process is conducted according to job plan proposed by Society for American Value Engineering(SAVE). Based on VE proposal, totally, 163 works of function analysis, 333 items of creating ideas, and 193 achievements of ideas were proposed. Besides this, 46 works of increasing values and cost reduction for 103 works and 10,040,000 thousands won were achieved from the paper.
도충구,강승구 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2005 경제경영연구 Vol.3 No.1
As compared with the traditional marketing, the internet marketing is a new concept. The Internet marketing strategies will be needed to fit with 6C. But because the way of traditional commerce is still using in the internet environments, an alternative that combine 4P strategies with website could be better one for the internet marketing. Meanwhile, the e-Trade means an electronic commerce that is applicable to the trade between nations. This study assumed and introduced the strategies of international marketing in e-Trade. And the e-marketplace that unspecified many buyers and sellers organize community at the cyber market, and carry out the purchasing and the selling and exchange information has been revealed the most active performance in e-Trade. Nowadays, the e-marketplace does not simply mean a site which transaction take place, but rather goes on unifying and networking the manufacturer, the trader, the credit-inquiring company, the insurance-transporting company, the customs, the banks, and the cyber intermediaries. Therefore, For the success of international marketing through e-marketplace, We should obtain additional contents of the e-marketplace, and accelerate to combine the B2B e-marketplace with the trade-automation system and construct the global e-trade networks by way of linking up with open EDI system. 최근에는 과거의 마케팅 개념과 구별되는 인터넷 마케팅이 등장하고 있다. 인터넷 마케팅 전략은 6C전략에 맞추어 추진할 필요가 있으나 아직까지 전통적 상거래 방식이 혼용되고 있기 때문에, 4P 전략과 함께 6C를 내용으로 하는 웹사이트(W) 전략을 혼합안 대안이 마케팅 전략으로 제시될 수 있을 것이다. 한편 전자무역은 국가간 상거래인 무역에 적용되는 전자상거래를 의미하는데, 본 연구에서는 4P와 웹사이트(W)를 기초로 한 전자무역하의 국제마케팅 전략을 소개하였다. 전자무역에서 가장 활발한 성과를 거두고 있는 분야인 e-marketplace는 불특정 다수의 구매자와 판매자가 인터넷 기반의 솔류션이라는 가상의 시장에서 커뮤너티를 형성하고 구매와 판매 그리고 정보가 교환되는 장소이다. 오늘날 e-marketplace는 단순히 거래가 이루어지는 장소에 머무르지 않고, 제조업자와 무역업자, 신용조사회사, 보험운송회사, 세관, 은행, 사이버 중계자를 하나로 묶어 네트워크화 하는 방향으로 나아가고 있다. 따라서 e-marketplace를 통해 국제마케팅을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 e-marketplace의 콘텐츠 보완을 통한 외국바이어 유치, B2B marketplace와 무역자동화 시스템의 통합화의 가속화, 그리고 개방형 EDI 시스템을 전지구적으로 연계하는 글로벌 전자무역망을 구축하여 이를 e-marketplace에서 제공할 수 있는 여건을 마련할 필요가 있다.
박영구,김승호,최선도,고재철 三陟大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.33 No.2
Methods for the treatment of foul odor was physical, chemical and biological. In this study, we utilized biofilter for the treatment of foul odor. Importance factors of a microbe is nutrients, temperature, moistrure and pH. As the results, it was found that matter of the odor was trimethylamine, removal rate(η(%)) fo (CH₃)N₃ appeared 19.7%∼96.5%(site-1), 20%∼95.5%(site-2) after treated to the biofilter, and tended to decrease from 7 months later by a biofilter compaction. Also size of the tree chip was 2cm, degree of the foul odor was degree of 3∼4, propriety temperature was 20∼40℃, the rate of contained moisture was 60∼70%, acidity was pH=8.