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Why do Central Asian governments fear religion? A consideration of Christian movements
Sébastien Peyrouse 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2010 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.1 No.2
Despite the freedoms each Central Asian state announced following their respective declarations of independence in 1991, numerous legislative revisions have led to the restriction of religious freedom in the 1990s and the 2000s. Tighter legislation and pressure against religion stems from the desire of Central Asian authorities to channel the risks that the “revival” of faith may pose. Although for the ruling regimes, the changes set forth in religious matters were and remain a means of giving credence to a “new era” in favor of the independent states; the management of religion is seen as one of the essential elements necessary to maintain the standards and rules that prevailed under the previous regime, revealing the difficulty to think of the relationship between state and religion in a different conceptual framework. In order to highlight the paradoxes of the Central Asian states' fear of religion, this article focuses on Christian movements, which have to deal both with a Muslim majority and with secular states afraid of the potential for competition coming from religion.
Elastic rotational restraint of web-post in cellular beams with sinusoidal openings
Sébastien Durif,Abdelhamid Bouchaïr,Claude Bacconnet 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.18 No.2
Experimental tests on cellular beams with sinusoidal openings showed two main failure modes around the openings. They concern the formation of four plastic hinges and the local instability of the sinusoidal part of the opening. In parallel, numerical analysis of the sinusoidal part of the opening revealed the existence of an elastic rotational restraint between the intermediate web-post and the adjacent opening panel. The aim of the present study is to present an approach to quantify this rotational restraint. Through the response surface method, a mathematical model is proposed. It shows a great ability to predict the rotational restraint value as a function of the geometrical parameters of the opening. This model can be used to perform an extensive study with various geometrical configurations of beams with the aim to develop a reliable and realistic analytical model predicting the resistance of the sinusoidal openings.
Discussing China: Sinophilia and sinophobia in Central Asia
Sébastien Peyrouse 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2016 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.7 No.1
In two decades since independence, Beijing has become one of Central Asian countries main partners. China's growing presence and influence in Central Asia partially structures the domestic orders, social changes, and national narratives of the latter. Exactly how China will intensify its presence in Central Asia is going to depend partly on the approaches and attitudes of the Central Asian states themselves. The rise of Sinophilia and Sinophobia will impact the political, geo-strategic, and cultural the situation in the region, working either to speed up or to slow down Chinese expansion in it. The Central Asian states are at once desirous of the growing Chinese presence, wanting to take advantage of its economic dynamism and geo-strategic influence, but also fearful of its potential demographic and cultural clout.
Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition
Royer, S챕bastien,Zemelman, Boris V,Losonczy, Attila,Kim, Jinhyun,Chance, Frances,Magee, Jeffrey C,Buzs찼ki, Gy철rgy Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.5
A consortium of inhibitory neurons control the firing patterns of pyramidal cells, but their specific roles in the behaving animal are largely unknown. We performed simultaneous physiological recordings and optogenetic silencing of either perisomatic (parvalbumin (PV) expressing) or dendrite-targeting (somatostatin (SOM) expressing) interneurons in hippocampal area CA1 of head-fixed mice actively moving a treadmill belt rich with visual-tactile stimuli. Silencing of either PV or SOM interneurons increased the firing rates of pyramidal cells selectively in their place fields, with PV and SOM interneurons having their largest effect during the rising and decaying parts of the place field, respectively. SOM interneuron silencing powerfully increased burst firing without altering the theta phase of spikes. In contrast, PV interneuron silencing had no effect on burst firing, but instead shifted the spikes' theta phase toward the trough of theta. These findings indicate that perisomatic and dendritic inhibition have distinct roles in controlling the rate, burst and timing of hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Bassem Kaabia,Sébastien Langlois,Sébastien Maheux 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.27 No.1
Concentrated Solar Photovoltaic (CPV) is a promising alternative to conventional solar structures. These solar tracking structures need to be optimized to be competitive against other types of energy production. In particular, the selection of the structural parameters needs to be optimized with regards to the dynamic wind response. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the main structural parameters, as selected in the preliminary design phase, on the wind response and then on the weight of the steel support structure. A parametric study has been performed where parameters influencing dynamic wind response are varied. The study is performed using a semi-deterministic time-domain wind analysis method. Unsteady aerodynamic model is applied for the shape of the CPV structure collector at different configurations in conjunction with a consistent mass-spring-damper model with the corresponding degrees of freedom to describe the dynamic response of the system. It is shown that, unlike the static response analysis, the variation of the peak wind response with many structural parameters is highly nonlinear because of the dynamic wind action. A steel structural optimization process reveals that close attention to structural and site wind parameters could lead to optimal design of CPV steel support structure.
Comeró,n, Sé,bastien,Elmegreen, Bruce G.,Salo, Heikki,Laurikainen, Eija,Athanassoula, E.,Bosma, Albert,Knapen, Johan H.,Gadotti, Dimitri A.,Sheth, Kartik,Hinz, Joannah L.,Regan, Michael W. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.759 No.2
<P>Breaks in the radial luminosity profiles of galaxies have until now been mostly studied averaged over disks. Here, we study separately breaks in thin and thick disks in 70 edge-on galaxies using imaging from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. We built luminosity profiles of the thin and thick disks parallel to midplanes and we found that thin disks often truncate (77%). Thick disks truncate less often (31%), but when they do, their break radius is comparable with that in the thin disk. This suggests either two different truncation mechanisms-one of dynamical origin affecting both disks simultaneously and another one only affecting the thin disk-or a single mechanism that creates a truncation in one disk or in both depending on some galaxy property. Thin disks apparently antitruncate in around 40% of galaxies. However, in many cases, these antitruncations are an artifact caused by the superposition of a thin disk and a thick disk, with the latter having a longer scale length. We estimate the real thin disk antitruncation fraction to be less than 15%. We found that the ratio of the thick and thin stellar disk mass is roughly constant (0.2 < M-T/M-t < 0.7) for circular velocities v(c) > 120 km s(-1), but becomes much larger at smaller velocities. We hypothesize that this is due to a combination of a high efficiency of supernova feedback and a slower dynamical evolution in lower-mass galaxies causing stellar thin disks to be younger and less massive than in higher-mass galaxies.</P>
THE THICK DISK IN THE GALAXY NGC 4244 FROM S<sup>4</sup>G IMAGING
Comeró,n, Sé,bastien,Knapen, Johan H.,Sheth, Kartik,Regan, Michael W.,Hinz, Joannah L.,Gil de Paz, Armando,Mené,ndez-Delmestre, Karí,n,Muñ,oz-Mateos, Juan-Carlos,Seibert, IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.729 No.1
<P>If thick disks are ubiquitous and a natural product of disk galaxy formation and/or evolution processes, all undisturbed galaxies that have evolved during a significant fraction of a Hubble time should have a thick disk. The late-type spiral galaxy NGC 4244 has been reported as the only nearby edge-on galaxy without a confirmed thick disk. Using data from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S(4)G) we have identified signs of two disk components in this galaxy. The asymmetries between the light profiles on both sides of the mid-plane of NGC 4244 can be explained by a combination of the galaxy not being perfectly edge-on and a certain degree of opacity of the thin disk. We argue that the subtlety of the thick disk is a consequence of either a limited secular evolution in NGC 4244, a small fraction of stellar material in the fragments which built the galaxy, or a high amount of gaseous accretion after the formation of the galaxy.</P>