운동역학 / 엘리트 남자 멀리뛰기 선수의 도움닫기와 발구름 동작의 운동학적 분석

류재균(RyuJae-Kyun),김혜영(KimHye-Young),백진호(BackJin-Ho) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.3

남자 멀리뛰기 선수의 도움닫기 마지막 3보와 발구름 동작을 3차원 영상분석법을 이용하여 분석하였고, 그 결과를 세계 엘리트 선수들의 연구 결과와 비교하여 국내 선수들의 기록이 8m을 넘지 못하는 이유를 운동학적 방법으로 조사하였다. 도움닫기를 하는 동안 달리기 자세가 기록에 영향을 미친다는 Hay와 Nohara(1990)의 연구결과를 기초로 남자 국가대표선수 3명을 대상으로 도움닫기 마지막 3보부터 도약 순간까지의 접지, 이지, 비행 거리, 신체중심의 높이, 신체중심의 수평속도과 수직속도, 그리고 도약 각도 등을 구하였다.멀리뛰기 기록은 발구름 순간에 결정이 되고, 발구름 동작은 도움닫기에 의해 좌우된다. 도움닫기 형태에 관한 세계적인 추세는 발구름전 3보까지는 규칙적인 보폭으로 뛰어오다가 3보부터 리듬을 조절하는데 2보에는 약간 길게, 마지막 1보에서는 짧게 뛰어 발구름 동작으로 연결시키는 것이 일반적이다. 이와 같은 달리기 형태는 발구름 전 마지막 1보에서 신체가 스프링처럼 탄력을 받을 수 있도록 자세를 조절해 준다. 세계 엘리트 선수들은 마지막 2보에서부터 신체 중심의 높이를 낮추어 발구름을 하였으나 우리 선수들은 3보부터 비행거리가 점차 감소하였으며 도약 순간 접지거리는 짧았고, 발구름전 1보의 신체중심이 상대적으로 높은 특징이 있었다. 도움닫기 수평속도는 약 10㎧였고 발구름 하는 도약 순간에는 약 8㎧로 감소하였다. 수직속도는 3보부터 도약 접지순간까지 감소하다가 도약 이지순간에 증가하였다. 이때 수직속도는 평균 3.13㎧, 도약각도는 평균 21.4도로 조사되었다. 따라서 도움닫기 마지막 구간에서 달리기 자세와 신체 중심의 높이 변화에 의한 보폭과 속도 조절로 발구름 순간 수평속도의 손실을 줄이고 탄력을 증가시킨다면 국내 멀리뛰기 선수들도 기록을 향상시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was investigated that the kinematics of performance variables adopted by long jumpers during the last three strides of the approach are significantly related to tie distance of the jump, and that why national long jumpers was not jumped into the distance of 8m. This study was accomplished on the basis of the finding of Hay and Nohara(1990) that the record should be influenced by the naming position during the approach. Resulting kinematic data were obtained for the last three strides, touch down, and takeoff for a total of 15 jumps by two video cameras filmed at 60㎐.It was conformed that the changing in the length of the last three strides made a translation of the takeoff position, so that the like of spring developed the elasticity. The subjects achieved a maximally high horizontal velocity of their CG at the second-last stride. But they have characteristics that the flight distance reduces gradually from the last three strides, that the touchdown distance is short at the takeoff, that the takeoff is an aspect of the high position of the CM to the last stride before the takeoff. It was concluded that the national long jumpers need to have a second-last stride slightly longer than the stride found during the immediately preceding part of the approach, a touchdown leg that s placed well in front of the body, and a vigorous upward lift of the free(lead) leg, arms and torso.

운동역학 : 멀리뛰기 발구름 동작에서 국가대표 선수들이 사용하는 기술의 운동학적 분석

유재균(RyuJae-Kyun),김혜영(KimHye-Young) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.4

남자 멀리뛰기 대표선수 3명의 도움닫기 마지막 3보의 동작과 발구름 기술을 3차원 영상분석법으로 조사하여, 마지막 3보의 보폭, 기록, 구름판을 지지하는 동안 신체와 각 변화에 대한 운동학적 변인을 분석하였다.멀리뛰기는 도움닫기 마지막 3보에서 발구름을 위한 신체자세의 변화가 생기면서 세계적인 선수의 경우 보폭이 보통-길고-짧은 형태를 나타낸다. 이와 같은 신체 동작의 변화 중 특히 하지분절의 변화는 도약속도 신체중심의 비행 높이, 기록 등을 결정하는 중요한 요인이 된다. 이 연구의 피험자 A는 엘리트 선수와 같은 보폭 변화 형태를 나타냈고, 피험자 B는 구름판에 가까워질수록 보폭이 점점 줄어들었고 피험자 C는 일정한 변화를 보였다. 구름판 접지순간의 수평속도는 약 9.5m/s였으나 구름판을 지지한 후 이지순간에는 약 8m/s로 감소하였다. 구름판 접지순간 무릎관절각은 평균 167도였고 이지순간에는 평균 160도로 감소하여 세계 우수 선수들 보다 작았으며, 전경각은 수직에서 약 -23도 후경각은 25도로 세계 우수 선수의 수준과 비슷하였다. 상체의 전 · 후경각은 접지순간에 평균 9도였으나 이지순간에는 약 6도로 후경자세를 유지하면서 도약하였고, 도약순간 자유다리의 고관절 각은 평균 118도로 세계적인 선수들에 비해 큰 값을 보였다. 결국 우리 선수들은 접지하고 이지할 때까지 상체가 후경을 유지하면서 발구름 다리를 뻗어 구름판에 접지 하였고, 최대 무릎굴곡순간에는 빠른 수평속도에 의해 굴곡된 다리가 늦게 신전이 되어 이지순간에 자유다리의 무릎을 신체중심 쪽으로 빨리 끌어올릴 수 있는 시간적 여유가 없었다. 따라서 도움닫기 3보 구간의 보폭 변화와 구름판 위에서의 발구름 동작을 개선한다면 멀리뛰기 기록을 향상시킬 수 있다. The purposes of this study were to investigate the techniques used by national elite male athletes during the transition from approach to takeoff in the long jump and to determine which performance variables were related to the officially recorded distance of the jump. Resulting kinematic data were obtained for the lengths of the last three strides, the angular changes of the knee and hip at touchdown and takeoff for a total of 15 trials by two S-VHS cameras filmed at 60Hz.The subjects achieved the different pattern of the last three strides of the approach, the changing of the last three strides is bending of the hip and knee joints and translating the high position of the CM of the running posture into the low position of it. The mean hip angle of the free leg at the takeoff and the knee joint at the maximum knee flexion were a larger than those world elite jumpers, so that it will not generate an explosive extension movement of the joints.In conclusion, the national athletes will need to be focusing on the preparation for takeoff at the last two strides which are the penultimate stride and the ultimate stride. The behavior of the penultimate stride of the run-up resembles the straddle as lowering leads to the swing leg squat. During the ultimate stride, the takeoff leg is extended and the takeoff foot is planted quickly with an active pawing motion. At the end of acceleration, the body should be more erect and the action will quickly turn over as the athlete approaches the board.

운동역학 : 우수선수의 세단뛰기 동작에 관한 운동학적 분석

이진택(LeeJin-Taek),김영모(KimYoung-Mo),류재균(RyuJae-Kyun) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematics variable of triple jump action. The subjects in this study were total 3 athletes of a class of national team. For this study, three-dimensional visual analysis by use DLT method was used after making a film of a movement during a contest. As a result of calculating the mean and standard deviation by analyzing distance, time, speed, angle factor, etc. of the kinematics variables, the results has been obtained as follows1. It was shown that a phase distance and a phase ratio for all athletes were 37.20.15% and they showed a hop-dominated technique commonly, and the subject A jumped to the longest distance of 6.01m and also had the best ability to jump in step and jump distance.2. In aspects of height of the body center, it was shown that the subject B had the highest body center at each phase take-off moment. And in height changes of the body center from a hop landing to a step take-off moment, the subject B had the highest height of 9㎝, and the subject B and C had the highest height of 22㎝ from step landing to jump take-off.3. In aspects of distance from the body center to a landing lag, it was shown that the subject B had the shortest distance of 54.8㎝ in hop take-off moment and the longest distance of 57.5㎝ in hop landing moment.4. In aspects of flying time of each phase, it was shown that the subject A had the longest time of 0.55s at hop, 0.46s at step and 0.71s at jump respectively.

A New Six-rowed and Covered Barley Cultivar, "Hyemi" with Lodging Tolerance and High-Yield

Yang Kil Kim,Seong Bum Baek,Jung Gon Kim,Mi Ja Lee,Moon Seok Kang,Mi Jung Kim,Hong Sik Kim,Jae Hwan Seo,Jong Jin Hwang,Sae Jung Suh,Jong Nae Hyun,Si Ju Kim,In Mo RyuJae Chul 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회지 Vol.39 No.2

“Hyemi”, a new covered cultivar derived from the crosses between “Suwon 298” and “Milyang 34/Albori//Dongbori” developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2006. The origin of “Hyemi” is “Suwon 400” (SB951032-B-B-B-28). The initial cross was made in 1995 and the selected line showed a high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2003. “Suwon 400” consistently performed well for three years (2004-2006) from the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in Korea and released as “Hyemi”. The characteristics of “Hyemi” were the following: rate Ⅳ growth habit, green leaf and stem, compact spike and with long rough awns. The heading date was April 29 in upland and April 23 in paddy field, which was similar and 2 days earlier than that with check cultivar, “Olbori”. The culm length was 81 cm which was 4 cm shorter than those with check cultivar. It showed spike length of 4.1 cm and 646 spikes per m2, 52 grains per spike, 33.4 g of 1,000-grain weight and 672 g of test weight. It showed similar winter hardiness and higher resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) than those with check cultivar. It showed higher protein content, whiteness and total phenol content than those of the check cultivar, but lower β-glucan content and pearling rate. The average yield of the pearled grain in the RYT was 3.95 ton ha-1 in upland and 4.38 ton ha-1 in paddy field, which was 13% and 16% higher than that of the check cultivar, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum mean temperature of -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

A New Six-rowed Barley Cultivar, "Hwanggeumchal" with Waxy Cover and Yellow Aleurone

Yang Kil Kim,Seong Bum Baek,Jung Gon Kim,Mi Ja Lee,Mi Jung Kim,Moon Seok Kang,Hong Sik Kim,Jae Hwan Seo,Jong Jin Hwang,Sae Jung Suh,Jong Nae Hyun,Si Ju Kim,In Mo RyuJae Chul 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회지 Vol.39 No.3

“Hwanggeumchal”, a new covered waxy cultivar derived from the cross between “Chalssalbori” and “Milyang 65” with waxy endosperm and early maturing cultivars, respectively was developed at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, 2006. The origin of “Hwanggeumchal” is “Suwon 403” (SB942090-B-B-B-42-1). The initial cross was made in 1994 and the selected line showed a high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2003. “Suwon 403” consistently performed well for three years (2004-2006) from the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in Korea and released as “Hwanggeumchal”. The characteristics of “Hwanggeumchal” were the following: rate I growth habit, green leaf and stem, compact spike and with long rough awns. The heading date was April 30 in upland and April 28 in paddy field, which was 1 and 4 days later than that with check cultivar, “Seodunchalbori”. The culm length was 81 cm which was 3 cm shorter than those with check cultivar. It showed spike length of 4.5 cm and 633 spikes per m2, 64 grains per spike, 27.6 g of 1,000-grain weight and 632 g of test weight. It showed stronger winter hardiness and higher resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) than those with check cultivar. It had yellow aleurone and showed higher water absorption, expansion rate and total phenol content than those of check cultivar, but lower protein, β-glucan content and pearling rate. The average yield of the pearled grain in the RYT was 4.04 ton ha-1 in upland and 4.12 ton ha-1 in paddy field, which was 10% higher and 4% lower than that of the check cultivar, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum mean temperature of -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

A New Tofu and Soy-paste Soybean Cultivar, "Daemang 2" with Lodging Tolerance and High Yield

Hong Tae Yun,Keum Yong Park,Hyun Tae Kim,Jung Kyung Moon,Sun Lim Kim,In Youl Baek,Won Young Han,Jong Min Ko,Ki Won Oh,Nam Suk Kang,Yeong Ho Lee,Yong Ho Kim,Yong Hwan RyuJa Hw 한국육종학회 2006 한국육종학회지 Vol.38 No.4

A new soybean cultivar for tofu and soy-paste, "Daemang 2", was developed from the cross between 'Shinpaldal 2' and'Seokryang' by soybean breeding team in the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2005. A promising line,SS93205-2B-8-3-2-1-1-1