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Perilipin 5 is a novel target of nuclear receptor LRH-1 to regulate hepatic triglycerides metabolism
( Rubee Pantha ),( Jae-ho Lee ),( Jae-hoon Bae ),( Eun Hee Koh ),( Minsang Shin ),( Dae-kyu Song ),( Seung-soon Im ) 생화학분자생물학회 2021 BMB Reports Vol.54 No.9
Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) has emerged as a regulator of hepatic glucose, bile acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. However, the functional mechanism underlying the effect of LRH-1 on lipid mobilization has not been addressed. This study investigated the regulatory function of LRH-1 in lipid metabolism in maintaining a normal liver physiological state during fasting. The Lrh-1<sup>f/f</sup> and LRH-1 liver-specific knockout (Lrh-1<sup>LKO</sup>) mice were either fed or fasted for 24 h, and the liver and serum were isolated. The livers were used for qPCR, western blot, and histological analysis. Primary hepatocytes were isolated for immunocytochemistry assessments of lipids. During fasting, the Lrh-1<sup>LKO</sup> mice showed increased accumulation of triglycerides in the liver compared to that in Lrh-1f/f mice. Interestingly, in the Lrh-1<sup>LKO</sup> liver, decreases in perilipin 5 (PLIN5) expression and genes involved inβ-oxidation were observed. In addition, the LRH-1 agonist dialauroylphosphatidylcholine also enhanced PLIN5 expression in human cultured HepG2 cells. To identify new target genes of LRH-1, these findings directed us to analyze the Plin5 promoter sequence, which revealed -1620/-1614 to be a putative binding site for LRH-1. This was confirmed by promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, fasted Lrh-1<sup>f/f</sup> primary hepatocytes showed increased co-localization of PLIN5 in lipid droplets (LDs) compared to that in fasted Lrh-1<sup>LKO</sup> primary hepatocytes. Overall, these findings suggest that PLIN5 might be a novel target of LRH-1 to mobilize LDs, protect the liver from lipid overload, and manage the cellular needs during fasting. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(9): 476-481]
( Nguyen Phuong Vi Truong ),( Rubee Koju Shrestha ),( Tae Hyun Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.53 No.6
A two-step process was investigated for pretreatment and fractionation of rice straw. The two-step fractionation process involves first, soaking rice straw in aqueous ammonia (SAA) in a batch reactor to recover lignin-rich hydrolysate. This is followed by a second-step treatment in a fixed-bed flow-through column reactor to recover xylooligomer-rich hydrolysate. The remaining glucan-rich solid cake is then subjected to an enzymatic process. In the first variant, SAA treatment in the first step dissolves lignin at moderate temperature (60 and 80 oC), while in the second step, hot-water treatment is used for xylan removal at higher temperatures (150~210 oC). Under optimal conditions (190 oC reaction temperature, 30 min reaction time, 5.0 ml/min flow rate, and 2.3 MPa reaction pressure), the SAA-hot-water fractionation removed 79.2% of the lignin and 63.4% of the xylan. In the second variant, SAA was followed by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid. With this process, optimal treatment conditions for effective fractionation of xylo-oligomer were found to be 80 oC, 12 h reaction time, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 in the first step; and 5.0 ml H2SO4/min, 170 oC, and 2.3 MPa in the second step. After this two-step fractionation process, 85.4% lignin removal and 78.9% xylan removal (26.8% xylan recovery) were achieved. Use of the optimized second variant of the two-step fractionation process (SAA and H2SO4) resulted in enhanced enzymatic digestibility of the treated solid (99% glucan digestibility) with 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of CTec2 (cellulase)/g-glucan of enzyme loading, which was higher than 92% in the twostep fractionation process (SAA and hot-water).
Rubeli, Thomas,Colangelo, Daniele,Dutoit, Bertrand,Vojenciak, Michal The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2015 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1
High-temperature superconducting coated conductors (HTS-CCs) are good candidates for resistive superconducting fault current limiter (RSFCL) applications. However, the high current density they can carry and their low thermal diffusivity expose them to the risk of thermal instability. In order to find the best compromise between stability and cost, it is important to study the heat transfer between HTS-CCs and the liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) bath. This paper presents an experimental method to monitor in real-time the temperature of a quenched HTS-CC during a current pulse. The current and the associated voltage are measured, giving a precise knowledge of the amount of energy dissipated in the tape. These values are compared with an adiabatic numerical thermal model which takes into account heat capacity temperature dependence of the stabilizer and substrate. The result is a precise estimation of the heat transfer to the liquid nitrogen bath at each time step. Measurements were taken on a bare tape and have been repeated using increasing $Kapton^{(R)}$ insulation layers. The different heat exchange regimes can be clearly identified. This experimental method enables us to characterize the recooling process after a quench. Finally, suggestions are done to reduce the temperature increase of the tape, at a rated current and given limitation time, using different thermal insulation thicknesses.
In-Wook Choi,Hwang-Yong Kim,Juan-Hua Quan,Jae-Gee Ryu,Rubing Sun,Young-Ha Lee 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.5
Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.
Xin Sun,Ruyan Li,Guochen Wan,Wanli Peng,Shuangjun Lin,Zixin Deng,Rubing Liang 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.2
Putrescine, a typical polyamine compound important for cell growth and stress resistance, can be utilized as an energy source. However, the regulation of its catabolism is unclear. Here the small RNA (sRNA) Spot 42, an essential regulator of carbon catabolite repression (CCR), was confirmed to participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of putrescine catabolism in Escherichia coli. Its encoding gene spf exclusively exists in the γ-proteobacteria and contains specific binding sites to the 5 -untranslated regions of the puuE gene, which encodes transaminase in the glutamylated putrescine pathway of putrescine catabolism converting γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) into succinate semialdehyde (SSA). The transcription of the spf gene was induced by glucose, inhibited by putrescine, and unaffected by PuuR, the repressor of puu genes. Excess Spot 42 repressed the expression of PuuE significantly in an antisense mechanism through the direct and specific base-pairing between the 51–57 nt of Spot 42 and the 5 - UTR of puuE. Interestingly, Spot 42 mainly influenced the stability of the puuCBE transcript. This work revealed the regulatory role of Spot 42 in putrescine catabolism, in the switch between favorable and non-favorable carbon source utilization, and in the balance of metabolism of carbon and nitrogen sources.
M. Fernanda Garcı´a-Montoya,Juan M. Peralta-Herna´ndez,Silvia Gutie´rrez-Granados,Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz,R. Galindo,Rube´n Ornelas 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-
The degradation of solutions with paracetamol and diclofenac has been studied by electro-oxidation(EOx), in a reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode. Differentcurrent densities were applying: 1.56 to 6.25 mA/cm2. Close to 50% of mineralization is always achieveddue to the great concentration of OH generated at the BDD surface under EOx, with release of NH4+ andNO3ions. Same solutions have been comparatively treated with electro-Fenton (EF/BDD) process,improved the mineralization reached 80% of efficiency. Reversed-phase chromatography was carryingout to identify some by products that evolve under de degradation process.