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Simplified SVPWM that Integrates Overmodulation and Neutral Point Potential Control
Rong-Wu Zhu,Xiao-Jie Wu 전력전자학회 2014 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.14 No.5
A simplified and effective space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm with two and three levels for three-phase voltage-source converters is proposed in this study. The proposed SVPWM algorithm only uses several linear calculations on three-phase modulated voltages without any complicated trigonometric calculations adopted by conventional SVPWM. This simplified SVPWM also avoids choosing the vector sector required by conventional SVPWM. A two-level overmodulation scheme is integrated into the proposed two-level SVPMW to generate the output voltage that increases from a linear region to a six-step state with a smoothly linear transition characteristic and a simple overmodulation process without a lookup table and complicated nonlinear functions. The three-level SVPWM with a proportional-integral controller effectively balances the neutral point potential of the neutral point clamped converter. Results from the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and the experiment based on a digital signal processor are provided to clearly demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Metabolic Flux Analysis of Beijerinckia indica for PS-7 Production
Wu Jian-Rong,Son Jeong Hwa,Seo Hyo-Jin,Kim Ki-Hong,Nam Yoon-Kwon,Lee Jin-Woo,Kim Sung-Koo The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.1
In order to investigate central metabolic changes in Beijerinckia indica, cells were grown on different carbon sources and intracellular flux distributions were studied under varying concentrations of nitrogen. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by combining material balances with extracellular substrate uptake rate, biomass formation rate, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) accumulation rate. Thirty-one metabolic reactions and 30 intracellular metabolites were considered for the flux analysis. The results revealed that most of the carbon source was directed into the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, followed by the recycling of triose-3-phosphate back to Hexose6-phosphate. The pentose phosphate pathway was operated at a minimal level to supply the precursors for biomass formation. The different metabolic behaviors under varying nitrogen concentrations were observed with flux analysis.
Rong Wu,Sen Zhou,Minglong Liu,Haiqian An,Zhe Wang,Tianxi Liu 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.3
Purpose: Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to examinechanges in the expression of miR-21-5p in ESRD patients with VC and to explore its clinical value in predicting the occurrenceand progression of uremic VC. Materials and Methods: 120 ESRD patients were divided into patients without VC group (n=38) and patients with VC group(n=82). All patients were followed up for 2 years to evaluate VC progression. qRT-PCR was used to detect serum miR-21-5p levels. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess diagnostic value. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods wereutilized to calculate associations between VC progression and risk factors. Results: Serum miR-21-5p levels were significantly higher in ESRD patients with VC than in those without VC and increased progressivelywith increasing disease severity. Serum miR-21-5p levels were able to distinguish patients with VC from those withoutVC, with an area under the curve value of 0.883, a sensitivity of 81.7%, and a specificity of 84.2%. After 2 years of follow-up, miR-21-5p expression had increased in patients with worse VC severity, compared with those with stable VC severity. Patients withhigh miR-21-5p levels were more likely to develop more severe VC, indicating an association between miR-21-5p and VC progression(log-rank p=0.002). Multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that serum miR-21-5p is an independent predictive factorof VC progression in ESRD patients (hazard ratio=2.064, 95% confidence interval=1.225–3.478, p=0.006). Conclusion: miR-21-5p is overexpressed in the serum of ESRD patients with VC. Our results suggest that overexpression of miR-21-5p is closely associated with VC progression.
The Global Competitiveness of Taiwan`s Industrial Technology
Wu, Rong I,Lin, Hsiu Ying 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2001 Asian International Studies Review Vol.4 No.1/2
For more than a decade, Taiwan has been working actively on programs for the localization of technology. Taiwan is not only ranked the world's third largest supplier of information and technology (IT) products, but it is also ranked fourth in technology and third in innovation according to the 2001 World Economy Forum (WEF) " Global Competitiveness Report." Overall, the competitiveness of Taiwan's technology has been very impressive. Taiwan is not a member of the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). With report to Taiwan's technological innovation capability and national competitiveness of each individual industry, the indices to make direct comparison with OECD are still under construction. In consideration of data comparability and availability, this research aims to establish a set of indicators that can be used to compare the competitiveness of Taiwan's industrial technology with other countries, so as to understand the technological performance of Taiwan's industrial technology and its international status. These assessment indices include indicators representing current competitiveness and output (such as patents, licensing feeds and royalties, added values, and export indicators), as well as indicators to represent the input competitiveness index (research and development (R&D) investment and researcher). The method of analysis includes comparing of individual indicators, as well as using patents and market share for cross-analysis, in order to study changes in Taiwan and its competitors. The results of comparison and analysis show that Taiwan experienced a slow downturn on inputs in 2000. In both hi-tech industry as a whole the R&D expenditure growth rate and R&D density were lower than in 1999. Because R &D and innovation are significantly related to Taiwan's future competitiveness, causes for the slack in R&D investment growth need to be confirmed in order for the government to make the industrial policy. AS to the performance on output, patent performance has been outstanding despite the number of granted patents, patent strength, or impact. It reflects the fact that Taiwan has become an important player on the international innovation stage. however, Taiwan's industrial structure is highly concentrated in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, and the weak demand in the ICT market following the September 11th terrorist attacks in the United States had a serious impact on the export competitiveness of Taiwan's hi-tech industries in 2001. In the future, enhancing the density of industrial technology R&D investmel future risks will be Taiwan's next challenge.
Wu Rong,Tang Shiyu,Wang Qiuxiao,Kong Pengfei,Liu Fang 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.2
Background/Aims: We aimed to investigate the role and working mechanism of Homo sapiens circular RNA_0003602 (hsa_circ_0003602) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Methods: The expression of circ_0003602, miR-149-5p, and solute carrier family 38 member 1 (SLC38A1) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RNase R assays were conducted to determine the characteristics of circ_0003602. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry analysis, transwell invasion assays, wound healing assays and tube formation assays were employed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. All protein levels were examined by Western blot or immunohistochemistry assay. The glutamine metabolism was monitored by corresponding glutamine, α-ketoglutarate and glutamate assay kits. Dualluciferase reporter assay was utilized to confirm the targeted combination between miR-149-5p and circ_0003602 or SLC38A1. A xenograft tumor model was established to analyze the role of circ_0003602 in CRC tumor growth in vivo. Results: Circ_0003602 was upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0003602 silencing suppressed CRC cell viability, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and glutaminolysis; induced cell apoptosis in vitro; and blocked tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, circ_0003602 directly interacted with miR-149-5p to negatively regulate its expression, and circ_0003602 knockdown suppressed the malignant behaviors of CRC cells largely by upregulating miR-149-5p. MiR-149-5p directly bound to the 3’ untranslated region of SLC38A1 to induce its degradation, and miR-149-5p overexpression reduced the malignant potential of CRC cells largely by downregulating SLC38A1. Circ_0003602 positively regulated SLC38A1 expression by sponging miR-149-5p in CRC cells. Conclusions: Circ_0003602 knockdown impedes CRC development by targeting the miR-149- 5p/SLC38A1 axis, which provides a novel theoretical basis and new insights for CRC treatment.
Growth of Doritaenopsis in Peat-substituted Growing Medium
Rong Zhe Wu,Debasis Chakrabarty,Eun-Joo Hahn,Kee-Yoeup Paek 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.1
In order to assess the growth and flowering of ornamental orchids in peat alternative substrates, two cultivars of an ornamental orchid species, Doritaenopsis ‘Labois’ and ‘White Castle’, were cultivated in three different substrates: pure perlite, perlite + coir dust (3:1), and perlite + rockwool (3:1). Growth responses in terms of fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots were measured after 24 months of culture. Inflorescence size, number of flowers, flower diameter, and days to flowering were evaluated after 8/9 and 20 months (1st and 2nd flowering season, respectively). Plantlet growth response (fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) was greatest in growing media containing perlite + rockwool (3:1) in both cultivars. Root development (root dry weight, number of roots, and root length) was drastically improved in perlite + rockwool (3:1), while perlite + coir dust (3:1) was found to be unfavorable for the growth and root development of these two cultivars. Growing media had no effect on inflorescence emergence during the 1st and 2nd flowering season in the two cultivars, but significant differences were observed in inflorescence length, number of stalks per plant, number of flowers per stalk, and flower diameter. The inflorescence length, number of flowers per florescence, and flower size significantly increased in plants grown in perlite + rockwool (3:1) during the 1st and 2nd flowering season, in both cultivars. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of perlite + rockwool in professional horticulture contributes to their disposal in an environment-friendly way and also reduces the need for peat.
Micropropagation of an Endangered Jewel Orchid (Anoectochilus formosanus) Using Bioreactor System
Rong Zhe Wu,Debasis Chakrabarty,Eun Joo Hahn,Kee Yoeup Paek 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.6
We have developed a simple protocol for in vitro mass propagation of Anoectochilus formosanus using an automated low cost bioreactor system by a two-step culture. In the first step nodal and shoot tip cultures in gelled based media, N?-benzyladenine (BA) at 2 mgㆍL?¹ produced more shoots and higher weight than 2-isopentanyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin). The shoot tips were also cultured in 3 l balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB) with different aeration volumes. Shoot proliferation and growth was the most effective when supply volume was 0.06 vvm. However, shoots developed in the bioreactor showed slow growth as well as small leaves. In the second step, shoots were transferred to 3 L BTBB containing 0.75 L Hyponex (20-20-20) 1 gㆍL?¹ + (6.5-4.5-19) 1 gㆍL?¹ medium with 2 gㆍL?¹ peptone, 3% sucrose, 0.5 gㆍL?¹ granular activated charcoal and different culture condition for shoot elongation and rooting. Comparative studies between gelled and bioreactor culture (continuous immersion [with or without net] and temporary immersion in liquid media using ebb and flood) revealed that shoot length was more efficient in gelled culture. However, the growth of plantlets was also higher in continuous immersion (with net) bioreactor culture. The effect of inoculation density on shoot growth during bioreactor culture was studied and maximum response was recorded when there were 60-90 inoculums per bioreactor included. Regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized and transferred to greenhouse.