Cancer Registration in the Peoples Republic of China

Wei, Kuang-Rong,Chen, Wan-Qing,Zhang, Si-Wei,Liang, Zhi-Heng,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Ou, Zhi-Xiong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

The current situation of cancer registration in China was systematically reviewed. So far, cancer registration in China has been making a great progress in the following aspects: the number of cancer registries and covered population have increased dramatically; a registration network has been established and completed gradually; regulations and rules improved remarkably; more attention is being paid by every level of government; a lot of registration software has been created and financial support ensured. However, we are still facing some problems and challenges, such as no stable groups of registrars, shortage of training opportunities, poor data quality, insufficient utilization and lack of multidisciplinary mechanisms, so that the cancer registration system still needs to be enhanced and improved. Along with the development of economy, science and information technology, methods and patterns of cancer registration is changing. It is to be expected that cancer registration will be automatic, nationwide and integrated with community healthcare in the near future.

Development of Moisture Management Knitted Fabrics Integarated with Non-smooth Concave Surface and Mesh Structure

Qing Chen,Dahua Shou,Bailu Fu,Rong Zheng,Jintu Fan 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.4

In order to improve the moisture management of knitted fabric, double layered structure usually was applied toobtain better moisture management properties, but the thickness of fabric could be increased. To solve this problem, thepartial double layered structure was constructed on the base of single layered structure. Further in order to improve the airpermeability, the mesh structure was also designed. The results show the moisture management of noval structure not onlyhad better one-way transport property but also improve the water vapor and air permeability compared with both single jerseyand double jersey structure. Besides, the effects of ratio of total double layered pattern area to total area, ratio of one doublelayered pattern area to total double layered area, ratio of hollow area to total area, ratio of mesh area to total area on moisturemanagement, water vapor transport and air transport property were discussed. This study demonstrated non-smooth concavesurface with porper unit size could improve the mositure management property and reduce the fabric weight and thickness,and the mesh structure could improve the air permeability but weaken the moisture management property. The results showedthis was an effective solution to balance liquid, vapor and air transportation in a knitted system.

Effect of Knitting and Finishing Parameters on the Initial Young’s Modulus and Tensile Strength for Polyester Weft Knitted Interlock Fabric

Qing Chen,Dahua Shou,Rong Zheng,Bailu Fu,Jintu Fan,Pibo Ma 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.4

75D/72f and 100D/96f polyester yarns were knitted to develop three kinds of fabrics with different densities (large,medium and small) on circular knitting machine (gauge E18). It was found that the strength of the fabrics increased with theincrease of loop density, and the initial modulus of the fabrics also increased. In order to obtain better strength and lowerinitial modulus, the washing and heat setting process of the fabric were studied and explored. The strength and initialmodulus of the three density fabrics of the two yarn specifications decreased after pre-washing. Finally, the lowest initialmodulus (0.36 MPa at warp direction and 0.22 MPa at weft direction) were found in sample (sample no. 3-3) made of 75Dfilament in longest loop length under 140 oC heat setting. The weft strength and warp strength were 9.54 MPa and 5.28 MParespectively.

Proteomic Profiles of Mouse Neuro N2a Cells Infected with Variant Virulence of Rabies Viruses

( Wang Xiao Hu ),( Shou Feng Zhang ),( Cheng Long Sun ),( Zi Guo Yuan ),( Xian Fu Wu ),( Dong Xia Wang ),( Zhuang Ding ),( Rong Liang Hu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

We characterized the proteomes of murine N2a cells following infection with three rabies virus (RV) strains, characterized by distinct virulence phenotypes (i.e., virulent BD06, fixed CVS-11, and attenuated SRV9 strains), and identified 35 changes to protein expression using twodimensional gel electrophoresis in whole-cell lysates. The annotated functions of these proteins are involved in various cytoskeletal, signal transduction, stress response, and metabolic processes. Specifically, a-enolase, prx-4, vimentin, cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) and prx-6 were significantly up-regulated, whereas Trx like-1 and galectin-1 were down-regulated following infection of N2a cells with all three rabies virus strains. However, comparing expressions of all 35 proteins affected between BD06-, CVS-11-, and SRV9-infected cells, specific changes in expression were also observed. The up-regulation of vimentin, CIAPIN1, prx-4, and 14-3-3 θ/δ, and downregulation of NDPK-B and HSP-1 with CVS and SRV9 infection were ≥2 times greater than with BD06. Meanwhile, Zfp12 protein, splicing factor, and arginine/serine-rich 1 were unaltered in the cells infected with BD06 and CVS- 11, but were up-regulated in the group infected with SRV9. The proteomic alterations described here may suggest that these changes to protein expression correlate with the rabies virus`` adaptability and virulence in N2a cells, and hence provides new clues as to the response of N2a host cells to rabies virus infections, and may also aid in uncovering new pathways in these cells that are involved in rabies infections. Further characterization of the functions of the affected proteins may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of RV infection and pathogenesis.

The Moisture Management and Drying Properties of Weft Knitted Plating Fabrics

Qing Chen,Dahua Shou,Rong Zheng,Jintu Fan,Xianfu Wan,Bailu Fu,Pibo Ma 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

The six types of weft knitted fabric in plating structure were made by cotton, polypropylene and polyester withdifferent number of filaments. The fabrics were tested by moisture management tester, vertical wicking and drying test. It wasfound that the large water absorption difference and the large filament density difference between the inner and outer side offabric could result in the better water absorption and drying ability. The fabric with polypropylene yarn (75D/48f) at innerside and cotton yarn (40 Ne) at outer side had best moisture management property evaluated by MMT. While the fabric withpolypropylene yarn (75D/48f) at the inner side and polyester yarn (75D/144f) at the outer side had highest vertical wickingand drying rate.

Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China, 2010

Zheng, Zhao-Xu,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Si-Wei,Chen, Wan-Qing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: The National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCR) affiliated to the Bureau of Disease Control, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China is responsible for cancer surveillance in the entire country. Cancer registration data from each local registry located in each province are collected by NCCR annually to be analyzed and published to provide useful information for policy makers and cancer researchers. Materials and Methods: Until 1st June, 2013, 219 population-based cancer registries submitted data of 2010 to the National Central Cancer Registry of China covering about 207,229,403 population, and 145 cancer registries were selected after quality evaluation for this study. Colorectal cancer cases were selected from the database according to ICD-10 coded as "C18-C20". We calculated the crude incidence and mortality rates by sex, age groups and location (urban/rural). The China population in 2000 and Segi's population were used as standardized populations for the calculation of age-standardized rates. The 6th National Population Census data of China was used to combined with the cancer registries' data to estimate the colorectal cancer burden in China in 2010. Results: Colorectal cancer was the sixth most common cancer in China. It was estimated that there were 274,841 new cases diagnosed in 2010 (157,355 in males and 117,486 in females), with the crude incidence rate of 20.1/100,000, highest in males in urban areas. Age-standardized rates by China standard population of 2000 (ASRcn) and World standard population (Segi's population, ASRwld) for incidence were 16.1/100,000 and 15.9/100,000 respectively. There were 132,110 cases estimated to have died from colorectal cancer in China in 2010 (76,646 men and 55,464 women) with the crude mortality rate of 10.1/100,000. The ASRcn and ASRwld for mortality were 7.55/100,000 and 7.44/100,000 respectively, higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates increased with age, reaching peaksin the 80-84 year old, and oldest age groups, respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common incident cancers and cause of cancer death in China. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to a health lifestyle, physical activity and screening should be enhanced in the general population.

Equalizing charger based on multi‑windings transformer and voltage‑doubler rectifiers

Chao Wu,Hong-kai Zhang,Shan-shou Li,Zheng-fei Li,Jia-rong Kan 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.2

Energy storage batteries are currently composed of a large number of low-voltage battery cells. The state of charge of the cells is different due to the characteristic differences between cells. This causes some of the cells to be over-charged during charging and some of the cells to be over-discharging during discharging. To improve this phenomenon, this paper proposes a battery charger with an equalizing function that works during the charging and discharging processes. A performance comparison among the proposed charger and other similar topologies is carried out. The operational principle of the proposed strategy is analyzed and a control strategy with only a single voltage loop is proposed, which can guarantee two-stage charging. Experimental results show that the proposed charger can simultaneously achieve a high efficiency and the requirement of voltage equalization between cells.

Age of Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in China: Almost 10 Years Earlier than in the United States and the European Union

Song, Qing-Kun,Li, Jing,Huang, Rong,Fan, Jin-Hu,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Bao-Ning,Zhang, Bin,Tang, Zhong-Hua,Xie, Xiao-Ming,Yang, Hong-Jian,He, Jian-Jun,Li, Hui,Li, Jia-Yuan,Qiao, You-Lin,Chen, Wan-Qin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinese females for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screening target population in China. Materials and Methods: Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted from the National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardized distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population 2000. Results: The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier than United States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendar year, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. Conclusions: The median diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the European Union pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier age for Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.

Time Trends of Ovarian Cancer Incidence in China

Wang, Bing,Liu, Shu-Zheng,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Fang,Chen, Wan-Qing,Sun, Xi-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

The aim of this study was to examine the trend of ovary cancer incidence from 1999 to 2010 in China and predict the burden up to 2020. Crude incidence, age specific incidence and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain estimated annual percentages and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling was used to predict the incidence rate until the year 2020. In China, the crude rate of ovary cancer was 7.91/100,000 and the age-adjusted rate was 5.35/100,000 overall during period 1999-2010. The rates in urban regions were higher than in rural regions. A significant rising trend during 1999-2006 was followed by a drop during 2006-2010 in age-adjusted rates for urban females. In contrast, constant rise was observed in rural women. The decrease in ovary cancer of urban areas tended to be restricted to women aged 50 years and younger. In contrast, increases of ovary cancer in rural areas appeared in virtually all age groups. Although the age-adjusted incidence rate for ovary cancer was predicted to be reduced after year 2011, the crude rate was likely to be relative stable up to 2020. The burden of ovary cancer in China will continue to be relative stable due to the aging population.

Analysis of Esophageal Cancer Time Trends in China, 1989-2008

Zhao, Jun,He, Yu-Tong,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Si-Wei,Chen, Wan-Qing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

National cancer incidence data were utilized to analyze trends in esophageal cancer incidence in China in order to provide basic information for making cancer control strategy. We retrieved and re-sorted valid esophageal cancer incidence data from National Central Cancer Registry Database over 20 years period from 1989 to 2008. Crude incidence and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for analysis, with annual percent change estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer was found to have remained relatively stable in both urban and rural areas over the 20 year period. Age standardized incidence rate (ASR) in cancer registration areas decreased from 39.5/100,000 in 1989 to 23.0/100,000 in 2008 in all areas (AAPC=-3.3%, 95% CI:-2.8~-3.7). The trend was no change in urban areas and 2.1% average annual decrease observed in rural aras. Before the year of 2000, esophageal cancer incidence rates significant decreased with 2.8% annually and then the rates kept stable. Over 20 years from 1989 to 2008, esophageal cancer age standardized incidence rate in cancer registration areas decreased with time. However, esophageal cancer is still a big issue and efforts for control should be continuously enhanced. Cancer registration is playing an important role in cancer control with the number of registries increasing and data quality improving in China.