상하이 상장회사의 소유구조 및 이익관리와 대리인비용 간의 관계

Quan,Yiqing(권예경),Li-Rong,Zheng(정력용) 한국국제회계학회 2011 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.37

본 연구는 중국기업의 소유구조, 이익관리와 대리인비용 간의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 중국 상하이 증권거래소에 상장되어 있는 기업들 중에서 상장 폐지, 금융보험업, ST(Special Treatment)기업, 재무자료 결측치 기업 및 극단치를 보이는 기업들을 제외한 675개를 연구대상으로 하고 2008회계연도 데이터를 사용한다. 기업소유구조와 관련된 기타자료 및 재무자료는 북경 SinoFin 정보 서비스 유한회사가 제공한 CCER 데이터베이스를 이용하였다. 본 연구결과는 중국 상하이 증권시장의 상장회사들에서 대리인비용은 소유권의 집중 정도가 높아질수록 판매 및 관리비 비율이 낮아지고 자산회전율이 높아지는 것으로 나타나 소유권의 집중정도가 높은 기업의 경우 대주주가(특히 1대주주) 경영자에 대한 감시·감독 역할이 대리인비용을 통제할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또, 소유권의 견제정도가 높은 기업일수록 기업의 대리인비용은 상대적으로 높다는 연구결과를 얻었다. 이러한 현상은 선행연구들의 결과와 마찬가지로 대주주가 몇 명 있는 경우에서 기업경영에 대한 책임을 지는 주주가 분명하지 않기 때문에 대주주들의 무임승차문제가 발생하고 있음을 의미한다. 일반적으로 이익관리를 많이 하는 기업일수록 영업외 비용비율이 높아 지지만 소유권의 견제정도가 높은 기업일수록 이익관리의 상호작용을 통하여 그 비율이 더욱더 증가됨을 알 수 있다. 그리고 중국의 상장회사들에서 이루어지고 있는 이익 관리가 효율적인 이익관리가 아니고 기회주의적인 이익관리라는 증거를 얻었다. 즉, 중국 상장회사들의 경영자는 자신의 이익을 극대화하기 위한 이기적인 목적으로 이익조정을 하고 있다고 보아야 할 것이다. This study is focused on the effects of ownership structure, earnings management on the agency costs in Chinese listed companies. The processes of this empirical study are establishment of research hypotheses, elaboration of test model, definition and measurement of 675 sample companies, empirical analysis and interpretation of results. The data used in this research are provided from SSEportal and SinoFin information service co. in China. The proxies of ownership structure are ownership concentration, outside blocck-holders and proxies of earnings management is absolute discretionary accruals of modified Jones, model. the proxies of agency costs are firm size, ratio of sale and management expenses per operating revenues, ratio of operating revenues per total assets, ratio of operating revenues per other operating expenses, control variables are ratio of current liabilities/total assets, ratio of net cash inflow per total liabilities, industry dummy variable. The results of this study are as followings. First, the ownership concentrated companies tried to reduce agency cost actively rather than decentralized companies in China. Second, the interaction between ownership concentration and earnings management take negative effects on agency cost. Therefore we can say that the listed companies on Shanghai Stock Exchange implemented earnings management opportunistically.

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Specific Detection of Pb (II)

Rong Rong,Huimin Zhao,Xiao Rong Gan,Shuo Chen,Xie Quan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.1

An electrochemical sensor for the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+ was developed using polypyrrole-graphene (PPY-rGO) nanocomposite by electrochemical synthesis. The PPYrGO-modified electrode possessed a large effective area because of unique 3D porous architectures, and it displayed excellent selectivity for the determination of Pb2+. The response of Pb2+ on the nanocomposite-modified electrode was evaluated, and the relevant parameters were optimized by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The stripping response was highly linear (R2 = 0.987) over a Pb2+ concentration range of 5 X 10-9 mol/L to 7.5 X 10-7 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.7 X 10-11 mol/L (3σ method). Furthermore, its applicability was validated for the determination of Pb2+ levels using spiked tap water at different concentrations. The polyporous structure, satisfactory reproducibility, long-term stability and simple synthesis endow the PPY-rGO nanocomposite a promising application in the determination of Pb2+.

메타버스를 활용한 식물교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향

전영환 ( Quan Rong-huan ),안관수 ( An Kwan-su ),백현기 ( Baek Hyeon-gi ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원 인성교육연구원 2023 인성교육연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 메타버스 환경에서 식물교육이 초등학생의 창의·인성에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 실험연구를 선택하였으며, 대상은 6학년 4개 학급으로 구성되었다. 2개 학급은 메타버스 환경에서 식물교육을 10시간 동안 이수하였고, 나머지 2개 학급은 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 교육 프로그램은 '식물과 친해지기', '생명존중사상 갖기', '식물 활용하기', '정리하기'의 4개 주요 영역으로 구성되었다. 연구결과는 실험 전 창의·인성 사전검사에서 두 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 실험집단은 인성의 전반적인 영역에서 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 이는 메타버스 식물교육이 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 나타낸다. 반면, 통제집단에서는 큰 변화가 없었으나, 실험집단과 비교 시 창의·인성 부분에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 메타버스를 활용한 식물교육은 초등학생의 창의성과 인성을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법임이 확인되었다. 이는 창의적 인성 교육을 위한 새로운 접근 방식으로의 가능성을 시사한다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 연령층과 환경에서의 메타버스 식물교육의 효과를 탐색하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 다른 교육 주제에 메타버스를 접목하여 그 효과를 검증하는 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of plant education in a metaverse environment on the creativity and character of elementary school students. The method of research chosen was experimental, and the subjects were composed of four 6th grade classes. Two of these classes underwent plant education in the metaverse environment for 10 hours, twice a week, while the remaining two classes were selected as the control group. The education program was structured into four main areas: 'Getting to Know Plants', 'Cultivating Respect for Life', 'Utilizing Plants', and 'Summarizing'. The results of the study indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the pre-test for creativity and character. However, the experimental group showed a significant difference in the overall area of character, suggesting that metaverse plant education had a positive impact. In contrast, the control group showed no major changes, but when compared with the experimental group in the post-test, a significant difference was observed in creativity and character. In conclusion, plant education using the metaverse proved to be an effective method for enhancing the creativity and character of elementary school students. This suggests the potential of a new approach to creative character education. Future research should explore the effects of metaverse plant education across various age groups and environments. Furthermore, studies are needed to verify the effects of applying the metaverse to other educational subjects.

Detection of Bovine Pregnancy-specific Whey Proteins Using Synthesized Antibodies

Rong Xun Han,Hong-Rye Kim,Myung Youn Kim,Yan Shi Quan,Yun Fei Diao,Reza K. oqani,Chang Sik Park,Dong II Jin 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2009 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.33 No.2

Detection of Bovine Pregnancy-specific Whey Proteins Using Synthesized Antibodies

Rong Xun Han,Hong-Rye Kim,Myung Youn Kim,Yan Shi Quan,Yun Fei Diao,Reza K. oqani,Chang Sik Park,Dong II Jin 한국동물번식학회 2009 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.33 No.2s

Unequal Loss Protection Using Layer-Based Recovery Rate (ULP-LRR) for Robust Scalable Video Streaming over Wireless Networks

Quan, Shan Guo,Ha, Hojin,Ran, Rong The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2016 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.14 No.4

Scalable video streaming over wireless networks has many challenges. The most significant challenge is related to packet loss. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we propose an unequal loss protection (ULP) method using a new forward error correction (FEC) mechanism for robust scalable video streaming over wireless networks. For an efficient FEC assignment considering video quality, we first introduce a simple and efficient performance metric, the layer-based recovery rate (LRR), for quantifying the unequal error propagation effects of the temporal and quality layers on the basis of packet losses. LRR is based on the unequal importance in both the temporal and the quality layers of a hierarchical scalable video coding structure. Then, the proposed ULP-LRR method assigns an appropriate number of FEC packets on the basis of the LRR to protect the video layers against packet lossy network environments. Compared with conventional ULP algorithms, the proposed ULP-LRR algorithm demonstrates a higher performance for various error-prone wireless channel statuses.

Identification of Bovine Pregnancy-Specific Whey Proteins using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Rong Xun Han,Su Min Choi,Myung Youn Kim,Yan Shi Quan,Baek-Chul Kim,Yun Fei Diao,Reza Koqani,Chang Sik Park,Dong Il Jin 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.4

The early diagnosis of bovine pregnancy is an essential component of successful reproductive planning on farms, because lack of bovine pregnancy over the long term results in reproductive failure and low milk yield‐the latter of which is a special concern on dairy farms. This study was designed to identify early pregnancy‐specific whey proteins in bovine, by comparing milk samples collected from cattle during pregnancy (Days 30 and 50) and from non‐pregnant cattle. In this study, differentially expressed proteins in five pregnant and five non‐pregnant Holstein dairy cattle were investigated and compared, using proteomics analysis. The first dimension was applied to a pH 3.0~10.0 strip, by loading a 2‐mg milk protein sample. After the second‐dimension separation was performed, the gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue. The stained gels were scanned and the images were analyzed, to detect variations in protein spots between non‐pregnant and pregnant cattle milk protein spots, using ImageMaster; this was followed by analysis with MALDI TOF‐MS. Analysis of the 2‐DE gel image resulted in a total of approximately 500~600 protein spots, of which 12 spots were differentially expressed, six spots were up‐regulated, and four spots were downregulated; two spots were identified as pregnancy‐specific proteins. These proteins were identified as lactoferrin, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, albumin, serum albumin precursor and transferrin. Our results via 2‐D PAGE analysis revealed composite profiles of several milk proteins related to early bovine pregnancy, implying the possible use of these milk proteins in the early detection of bovine pregnancy.

In Vitro Development of Interspecies Nuclear Transfer Embryos using Porcine Oocytes with Goat and Rabbit Somatic Cells

Quan, Yan Shi,Naruse, Kenji,Choi, Su-Min,Kim, Myung-Youn,Han, Rong-Xun,Park, Chang-Sik,Jin, Dong-Il The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.4

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a valuable tool for studying the interactions between an oocyte and somatic nucleus. The object of this study was to investigate the developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes after transfer of the somatic cell nuclei of 2 different species (goat and rabbit). Porcine cumulus oocytes were obtained from the follicles of ovaries and matured in TCM-199. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 2 DC pulses of 1.1kV/cm for $30{\mu}s$ 0.3M mannitol medium. The activated cloned embryos were cultured in porcine zygote medium-3 (PZM-3), mSOF or RDH medium for 7 days. The blastocyst formation rate of the embryos reconstructed from goat or rabbit fetal fibroblasts was significantly lower than that of the embryos reconstructed from porcine fetal fibroblast cells. However, a significantly higher number of embryos reconstructed from goat or rabbit fetal fibroblasts cultured in mSOF or RDH, respectively, developed to the morular stage than those cultured in PZM-3. These results suggest that goat and bovine fetal fibroblasts were less efficacious than porcine-porcine cloned embryos and that culture condition could be an important factor in iSCNT. The lower developmental potential of goat-porcine and porcine-bovine cloned embryos may be due to incompatibility between the porcine oocyte cytoplasm and goat and bovine somatic nuclei.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandrae Fructus on Lead-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus

Rong Jie Zha,Zheng Lin Zhao,Xiu Feng Zhao,Guang Wen Zha,Meng Quan Li,Yi Yan Wu,Jing Qiu Li,Li Xin Guan,김상찬 대한한의학방제학회 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandrae Fructus (AESC) on lead (Pb)-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus (HIP) of adult rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Pb acetate (5 mg/kg/d) for 28 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in HIP were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Pb treated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (100 mg/kg/d or 300 mg/kg/d, p.o., 2 h before Pb) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC (300 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in HIP induced by chronic Pb. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Pb-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in HIP through its antioxidant activity.

IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSPECIES NUCLEAR TRANSFER USING PORCINE OOCYTES WITH GOAT AND MOUSE SOMATIC CELLS

Quan, Yanshi,Naruse, Kenji,Kim, Baek Chul,Choi, Su Min,Han, Rong Xun,Park, Chang Sik,Jin, Dong Il 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10