Age of Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in China: Almost 10 Years Earlier than in the United States and the European Union

Song, Qing-Kun,Li, Jing,Huang, Rong,Fan, Jin-Hu,Zheng, Rong-Shou,Zhang, Bao-Ning,Zhang, Bin,Tang, Zhong-Hua,Xie, Xiao-Ming,Yang, Hong-Jian,He, Jian-Jun,Li, Hui,Li, Jia-Yuan,Qiao, You-Lin,Chen, Wan-Qin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinese females for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screening target population in China. Materials and Methods: Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted from the National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardized distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population 2000. Results: The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier than United States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendar year, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. Conclusions: The median diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the European Union pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier age for Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.

P2P Traffic Detection Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Song Rong,Li Xiating 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.12

Considering the shortcomings of the conventional BP neural network, such as slow learning speed, weak anti-interference ability and easy to fall into local minimum, the detection accuracy of P2P traffic detection model is low and the speed is slow, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize it here. As the conventional algorithm's optimization ability is the initial parameters, the algorithm is easy to be early, and the convergence speed is slow. Therefore, grouping, organizing, fission and mutation operation on the conventional algorithm have been carried on in order to improve the defect of conventional algorithm. Finally, the P2P traffic detection model is built by using MATLAB software, and traffic detection experiments are carried out on Bittorrent, EMule, PPlive and PPStream 4 P2P network applications. The test data show that the average recognition rate of the recognition model is 96.14%, which is 13.3% higher than that of the conventional PSO-BP model, and9.4% higher than that of the QPSO-BP recognition model for the four P2P network applications.

Construction of locust-pathogenic fungal library and use as biological control agents

Mi Rong Lee,Jeong Seon Yu,Min Ho Song,Se Jin Lee,Jae Su Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

ocust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of the outbreaking pests worldwide and such big occurrence was recorded in 2014, Korea, however little consideration was given to the management strategy of the pest. Herein we established a indoor locust-rearing system and constructed a locust-pathogenic fungal library to further facilitate the resources to be used as possible biological control agents. A locust colony was provided from the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology and reared in corn or barley plants at artificially manipulated rooms. The critical developmental stages, such as oviposition, hatching and mating were successfully proceeded. Entomopathogenic fungal granules were treated to the locust (2 g/rearing box), and in 5~7 days mycosis was observed in the membranous cuticles of head, abdomen and legs. In particular JEF-003 (Metarhizium anisopliae), JEF-186 (M. lepidiotae) and JEF-187 (Clonostachys rogersoniana) showed high virulence against the locust. A population of locust was exposed to the entomopathogenic fungal conidia-incorporated soil to investigate the possibility of the fungal isolation from natural soil, which resulted in the pathogenesis in 7~10 days in laboratory conditions. More than 80% of control efficacy was observed in the greenhouse trial of fungal granular application. This work suggests that locust rearing system was successfully established and entomopathogenic fungi can be used to control the migratory locust.

Characteristics Comparison before and after Lyophilization of Transferrin Modified Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA Complexes (Tf-PLPD)

Zhi-Rong Zhong,Zhi-rong Zhang,Ji Liu,Yong Deng,Hong-wei Zhang,Yao Fu,Qing-guo Song,Qin He 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.1

A novel non-viral gene delivery system, Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA complexes (PLPD) which could further adsorb transferrin on the surface as a targeting ligand to form Tf- PLPD, was prepared and characterized before and after lyophilization. The size distribution of Tf-PLPD was in the range of 240 ± 12 nm and the zeta potential was -24.10 ± 2.5 mV. The transfection efficiencies of PLPD and Tf-PLPD were 12.18 ± 3.8 and 24.26 ± 2.6 mU β-galactosidase/ mg protein respectively. The lyophilization and the presence of serum didn’t affect the tansfectivities of PLPD or Tf-PLPD. Compared to LipofectamineTM 2000 (Invitrogen, U.S.A.), the procationic liposomes had less cytotoxicity to cells. In summary the procationic lipoplex described here, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of Tf, was a perspective non-viral vector for gene delivery system.

Intracavernous Delivery of Synthetic Angiopoietin-1 Protein as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Erectile Dysfunction in the Type II Diabetic db/db Mouse

Jin, Hai-Rong,Kim, Woo Jean,Song, Jae Sook,Piao, Shuguang,Tumurbaatar, Munkhbayar,Shin, Sun Hwa,Choi, Min Ji,Tuvshintur, Buyankhuu,Song, Kang-Moon,Kwon, Mi-Hye,Yin, Guo Nan,Koh, Gou Young,Ryu, Ji-Kan John Wiley Sons Ltd 2010 JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE Vol.7 No.11

도시림 산책이 심리적 안정에 미치는 영향 -일본 신주쿠교엔 현장실험 결과-

송초롱 ( Cho Rong Song ),이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ),박범진 ( Bum Jin Park ),이민선 ( Min Sun Lee ),松葉直也 ( Naoya Matsuba ),宮崎良文 ( Yoshifumi Miyazaki ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.3

본 연구는 도시림에서의 산책이 심리적 안정에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 퍼스낼리티에 따른 심리적 영향의 차이에 대해서도 검토하였다. 실험은 일본의 대표적인 도시림인 신주쿠교엔(이하, 도시림)에서 실시하였으며, 대조실험은 신주쿠역주변의 도심지(이하, 도심)에서 동일하게 실시하였다. 일본인 남자대학생 18명(21.0±0.8세)이 피험자로 참여하였으며, 피험자는 도시림과 도심에서 각각 1회씩 20분간의 산책을 실시하였다. 측정은 심리지표로써 POMS, STAI-S, SCL-90을 이용하여 심리상태를 측정하였으며, 퍼스낼리티 지표로써 KG식 일상생활질문지를 이용하여 A유형 행동양식을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 도시림에서의 산책은 도심과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 ``기분``의 개선, ``불안``의 감소, ``정신증상``의 완화를 보였다. 그리고, SCL-90의 ``강박증`` 척도에서 이러한 결과의 반응은 B유형이 A유형보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에 의하여, 도시림에서의 산책은 심리적 안정 효과를 가져오는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 그 효과는 퍼스낼리티에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The aim of this study is to clarify the psychological effects of walking in the urban forest and to examine how the effects differ in accordance with individual personality. The study subjects comprised 18 male Japanese university students (21.0±0.8 years old). These subjects were instructed to walk predetermined 20-min courses in the urban forest and the city (control). Three questionnaires (POMS, STAI-S, and SCL-90) were administered to assess the subjects` psychological responses. The KG`s Daily Life Questionnaire was used to examine the subject`s personalities for presence of the Type A behavior pattern. The study found that walking in the urban forest improved the participants` positive mood and decreased their negative mood, anxiety, and other negative mental symptoms. Moreover, Type B subjects showed a bigger change than Type A subjects on the SCL-90`s obsessive and compulsive scale. Our results supported the premise that walking in the urban forest has relaxing effects, and that these effects can differ in accordance with the subject`s personality characteristics.

Characteristics Comparison before and after Lyophilization of Transferrin Modified Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA Complexes (Tf-PLPD)

Zhong, Zhi-Rong,Zhang, Zhi-Rong,Liu, Ji,Deng, Yong,Zhang, Hong-Wei,Fu, Yao,Song, Qing-Guo,He, Qin 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.1

A novel non-viral gene delivery system, Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA complexes (PLPD) which could further adsorb transferrin on the surface as a targeting ligand to form Tf-PLPD, was prepared and characterized before and after lyophilization. The size distribution of Tf-PLPD was in the range of $240{\pm}12nm$ and the zeta potential was $-24.10{\pm}2.5mV$. The transfection efficiencies of PLPD and Tf-PLPD were $12.18{\pm}3.8\;and\;24.26{\pm}2.6mU\;{\beta}-galactosidase/mg$ protein respectively. The lyophilization and the presence of serum didn't affect the tansfectivities of PLPD or Tf-PLPD. Compared to $Lipofectamine^{TM}$ 2000 (Invitrogen, U.S.A.), the procationic liposomes had less cytotoxicity to cells. In summary the procationic lipoplex described here, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of Tf, was a perspective non-viral vector for gene delivery system.

산림환경의 생리적 안정 효과 및 생리적 조절 효과

송초롱 ( Cho Rong Song ),( Harumi Ikei ),박범진 ( Bum Jin Park ),( Yoshifumi Miyazak ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 산림환경이 인체에 미치는 생리적 영향 및 생리적 조절 효과를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 피험자는 108명의 남자대학생으로 하였으며, 산림부 및 도시부에서 의자에 앉아 15분간 각각의 경관을 바라보았다. 측정지표는 심박변이도, 심장박동수, 혈압 및 맥박수가 사용되었다. 생리적 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 산림부와 도시부에서의 결과를 비교하였으며, 생리적 조절 효과를 조사하기 위하여, 초기치의 법칙을 이용하여, ‘도시경관감상 후’의 절대치(초기치)와 ‘산림경관감상 후 -도시경관감상 후’의 값(변화량)에 대하여 상관관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 산림경관의 감상은 도시경관의 감상과 비교하여, 교감신경활동의 억제, 부교감신경활동의 활성, 그리고 심장박동수 및 맥박수의 저하를 나타내어 생리적 안정 효과를 유발시키는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 산림경관의 감상은 혈압및 맥박수가 높은 피험자의 경우 그 값을 저하시키며, 낮은 피험자의 경우 그 값을 상승시킴으로써, 적정 값에 이르게 하는 생리적 조절 효과를 가지고 있는 것이 밝혀졌다. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological relaxing effects and the physiological adjustment effects of a forest environment on 108 male university students. All participants viewed a scenery in a forested area and an urban area for 15 min. We measured the heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse rate of all participants. To analyze the physiological effects, we compared the parameters obtained during forest viewing with those obtained during urban viewing, and to assess the physiological adjustment effects, we analyzed the relationship between the absolute value of the response to urban viewing (an initial response) and the value of the response to forest viewing . the value of the response to urban viewing (changes caused by forest) using the law of the initial value. The results indicated that forest viewing suppressed sympathetic nervous activity, enhanced parasympathetic nervous activity, and decreased the heart rate and pulse rate compared with urban viewing. Furthermore, there were physiological adjustment effects that normalized the initial physiological responses. Subjects with high blood pressure and pulse rate values showed a decrease, whereas those with low initial values showed an increase. In conclusion, it was evident that a forest environment has physiological relaxing effects and physiological adjustment effects.

산림 내 호수 주변에서의 산책과 경관감상이 인체에 미치는 생리적, 심리적 영향

송초롱 ( Cho Rong Song ),이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ),( Harumi Ikei ),( Takahide Kagawa ),( Yoshifumi Miyazaki ),박범진 ( Bum Jin Park ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.1

The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological and psychological effects of walking around and viewing a lake in a forest environment. The subjects included 11 male Japanese university students (age: 22.0±1.2 years) who were randomly assigned to visit either a forest or an urban (control) setting. They were instructed to walk a predetermined 15-min course and to view the setting from a seated position for 15 min. Heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, and salivary cortisol levels were measured to assess the subject’s physiological responses to the environment. Four questionnaires (SD method, reports of “refreshed” feeling, POMS, and STAI) were administered to assess the subjects’ psychological responses. It was found that walking around and viewing a lake in a forest environment can suppress sympathetic nerve activity, increase parasympathetic nerve activity, and decrease the heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, and cortisol levels. In addition, a forest environment can enhance the “comfortable,” “soothing,” “natural,” and “refreshed” feelings, improve the mood state, and reduce anxiety. These results provide scientific evidence of the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy.

Virulence factors of bean bug (Riptortus pedestris)-pathogenic Beauveria bassiana JEF-007

Sihyeon Kim,Se Jin Lee,Mi Rong Lee,Min Ho Song,Yi-Ting Yang,Jae Su Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Bean bug, Riptortus pedestris is an agriculturally serious pest in East Asian countries, reducing the value of crop quality and loss of income in agribusiness. Chemical pesticides have contributed to the management of the pest, but nowadays insect resistance limits the use of chemical pesticides, thus alternatively new pesticides with different mode of actions such as entomopathogenic fungi are considered. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF isolates were collected, identified and assayed against bean bugs in laboratory conditions. Some isolates showed >80% virulence by spray and contact-exposure methods. Supernatant showed different level of enzyme activity including chitinase, Pr1 protease and lipase. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation generated random transformants and some mutants had reduced virulence. TAIL-PCR of the random transformants revealed virulence-related genes. This work can be a strong platform for the functional genetics of bean bug-pathogenic B. bassiana.