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Rodrigo Mariath,Rafael Riosmena-Rodriguez,Marcia Figueiredo 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.4
Nongeniculate coralline red algae are a common element of the Brazilian coastal zone, especially associated to coral reefs. During the course of ecological studies at Parque Municipal Marinho do Recife de Fora, two species of non-geniculate Corallinales were the major organisms covering the reef. Analyses of the vegetative and reproductive features of the species were analyzed; indicating that one new species of the genus Lithothamnion is proposed here based on the combination of several features associated with anatomy of the tetrasporangial conceptacles in relation to other species of the genus for which modern accounts are available. This new proposal along with other new species, new combinations and range extension of some species of the genus based in similar features clearly suggest that stability in species delimitation is possible. The second species found Pneophyllum conicum represents a range extension of more than 6,000 km from the Pacific in to the Atlantic Ocean suggesting that some nongeniculate species are widely distributed. The occurrence and abundance of these species supports and emphasizes the need for an extensive taxonomic reassessment of coralline red algae in the context of Brazilian coral reef biodiversity.
Environmental Impact of Aircraft Emissions and Aviation Fuel Tax in Japan
( Rodrigo Gonzalez ),( Eiji B. Hosoda ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2016 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.하계
This investigation analysed the growing impact of commercial aviation on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, as well as its potential impact on climate change. It reviewed the effects of the Japanese Aviation Fuel Tax (koukuukinenryouzei), which has been levied on fuel loaded into all domestic flights in Japan since 1972. Using a Bayesian structural time series model, based on monthly observations of fuel consumption between 2004 and 2013 provided by the Ministry of Land, Transport, Infrastructure and Tourism - Japan, this research estimated the effect that this tax has had on the national demand for aviation fuel. It was established that the fuel tax has unequivocally reduced the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from aircraft.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Affects Sleep Quality in Snoring Obese Children
Rodrigo Strehl Machado,Frederick W Woodley,Beth Skaggs,Carlo Di Lorenzo,Ihuoma Eneli,Mark Splaingard,Hayat Mousa 대한소아소화기영양학회 2016 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of sleep in snoring obese children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); and to study the possible relationship between sleep interruption and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in snoring obese children.Methods: Study subjects included 13 snoring obese children who were referred to our sleep lab for possible sleep-dis-ordered breathing. Patients underwent multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal pH monitoring with simultaneous polysomnography. Exclusion criteria included history of fundoplication, cystic fibrosis, and infants un-der the age of 2 years. Significant association between arousals and awakenings with previous reflux were defined by symptom-association probability using 2-minute intervals.Results: Sleep efficiency ranged from 67-97% (median 81%). A total of 111 reflux episodes (90% acidic) were de-tected during sleep, but there were more episodes per hour during awake periods after sleep onset than during sleep (median 2.3 vs. 0.6, p=0.04). There were 279 total awakenings during the sleep study; 56 (20.1%) of them in 9 patients (69.2%) were preceded by reflux episodes (55 acid, 1 non-acid). In 5 patients (38.5%), awakenings were significantly associated with reflux.Conclusion: The data suggest that acid GER causes sleep interruptions in obese children who have symptoms of snoring or restless sleep and without evidence of OSA.
Resolving the Kashmir Conflict: Pakistan, India, Kashmiris and Religious Militants
Rodrigo Tavares 서울대학교행정대학원 2008 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.16 No.3
This article introduces a conflict resolution framework to address the Kashmir1 conflict. Firstly, Kashmir is mapped out as a multi-dimensional dispute between various parties:besides the interstate dispute between India and Pakistan, Kashmir is also an armedconflict both between India and the Kashmiris over the right of self-determination andbetween India and the religious militants who are waging a jihad to create a theocraticstate. Secondly, in order to understand the complexity of Kashmir, I introduce an originalframework based upon six levels of sovereignty that helps us in underscoring theimplications of the bargaining process between India, Pakistan and Kashmir. Based onthis, I propose a roadmap for peace, which comprises three successive steps: confidencebuildingmeasures, restoration of the asymmetric original status of Jammu and Kashmirand, finally, shared sovereignty (partial or total condominium) between India andPakistan.
Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher,Janice Luehring Giongo,Leandro Perger Bolzan,Marcos Saldanha Côrrea,Viviane Pedroso Fausto,Camilla Filippi dos Santos Alves,Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes,Aline Augusti Boli 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2
Antimicrobial activity of Amazonian oils Andiroba and Copaiba against Paenibacillus larvae has been recently determined, indicating their potential use for the control of American Foulbrood Disease (AFB), but the use of essential oils in the environment still represents a challenge. The oils present several volatile elements in its composition, such high volatility being the cause of a sharp decline in antimicrobial activity. In this context the nanostructuration of these amazon oils may decrease the volatile characteristic of such products. The following research aimed to evaluate the activity of nanoemulsions prepared with Andiroba and Copaiba oils against Paenibacillus species. The toxicity of nanoemulsions has also been investigated with larvae and adult worker bees. Nanoemulsions (NE1, 10% Andiroba oil; NE2, 10% Copaiba oil; and NE3, 10% medium-chain triglyceride as negative control) were prepared in a high pressure homogenizer. The particle sizes were determined as 192, 211, and 178 nm for NE1, NE2, and NE3, respectively. The z potential values were −56.4, −47.1, and −27.2, respectively. NE1 and NE2 showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than 0.39% for most Paenibacillus species tested. None of the strains were inhibited by negative control NE3. The timeresponse effect of the nanoemulsions has been tested on P. larvae ATCC9545, resulting in a decrease in the number of viable cells to less than 1 log CFU/ml for NE1. The nanoemulsion NE1 showed a significant toxic effect for the larvae (26% mortality) when compared with NE2 (13%) and NE3 (7%). The toxic effect of nanoemulsions has also been evaluated for 72 h in adult worker bees and low mortality rate was only observed for the NE1 treatment (8.3%). This study shows for the first time that nanoemulsions of Copaiba oil can be a potential candidate for the treatment or prevention of AFB.
Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands
Rodrigo G. de Souza,Cintia S. de Paiva,Milton R. Alves 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.1
Aging is a complex process associated with dysregulation of the immune system and low levels of inflammation, often associated with the onset of many pathologies. The lacrimal gland (LG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of ocular physiology and changes related to aging directly affect eye diseases. The dysregulation of the immune system in aging leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in antibodies and cytokines. While there is a gradual decline of the immune system, there is an increase in autoimmunity, with a reciprocal pathway between low levels of inflammation and aging mechanisms. Elderly C57BL/6J mice spontaneously show LGs infiltration that is characterized by Th1 but not Th17 cells. The aging of the LG is related to functional alterations, reduced innervation and decreased secretory activities. Lymphocytic infiltration, destruction, and atrophy of glandular parenchyma, ductal dilatation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators modify the volume and composition of tears. Oxidative stress, the capacity to metabolize and eliminate toxic substances decreased in aging, is also associated with the reduction of LG functionality and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although further studies are required for a better understanding of autoimmunity and aging of the LG, we described anatomic and immunology aspects that have been described so far.
Steel-concrete composite bridge analysis using generalised beam theory
Rodrigo Gonalves,Dinar Camotim 국제구조공학회 2010 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.10 No.3
This paper reports recent developments concerning the application of Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) to the structural analysis of steel-concrete composite bridges. The potential of GBT-based semi-analytical or finite element-based analyses in this field is illustrated/demonstrated by showing that both accurate and computationally efficient solutions may be achieved for a wide range of structural problems, namely those associated with the bridge (i) linear (first-order) static, (ii) vibration and (iii) lateral-torsional-distortional buckling behaviours. Several illustrative examples are presented, which concern bridges with two distinct cross-sections: (i) twin box girder and (ii) twin I-girder. Allowance is also made for the presence of discrete box diaphragms and both shear lag and shear connection flexibility effects.