Bradley Ellingboe's Requiem: Influences and Analysis for Performance

Robison, Brett Patrick ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Bradley Ellingboe (b. 1956) is an American composer who resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Ellingboe has over one hundred and twenty choral compositions and four larger choral-orchestral works in print. Requiem, composed in 2001, was Ellingboe's first major work for choir and orchestra. Bradley Ellingboe's study of the music of Edvard Grieg (1843--1907) and his prolonged exposure to Norwegian folk song and Lutheranism have influenced his melodic, textual, and formal choices in his Requiem. An understanding of these influences will aid conductors in creating stylistically appropriate performances of Requiem.. Bradley Ellingboe was raised in a Norwegian-American family in Lakeville, Minnesota. To give further context, a brief biography of the composer and highlights of the history of requiem mass are included in this document. In this document, I discuss the importance of the inclusion of the folk tune, Jeg lagde mig saa silde and a recurring cello solo that serves as a Leitmotif throughout Requiem. Through motivic analysis the influence of Norwegian folk music and the music of Edvard Grieg are further revealed. The discussion of the architecture, text choices, and the emotional progression in Requiem reveal the influence of Ellingboe's Lutheran faith. This document also includes a chapter that provides rehearsal and performance suggestions for conductors.

The everyday conception of humor: The relationship with children's theory of mind

Robison, Gregory Chia-Hua University of California, Berkeley 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Common, everyday experience suggests that young children have a peculiar sense of humor that greatly differs from adults'. Children often tell nonsensical jokes and tell the same joke to the same person repeatedly. Does children's behavior reflect a general deficit in cognition or a qualitatively different understanding of humor? To answer this question, the adult conception of what makes something ftmny was compared with children's in terms of reasoning and behavior, and related to the more general understanding of mental states and social interaction. This project represents a new direction in describing and explaining children's humor. Three experiments examined the everyday conception of humor, the development of this conception, and how humor understanding is related to joke-telling behavior. Psychological literature suggests that incongruity and comprehension are necessary for a joke to be funny. To investigate whether these factors are part of the conception of humor, four- to eight-year-olds and adults were given stories about characters who did not possess the necessary mental state and asked to predict whether the character would laugh or find a joke funny. Participants were also given a situation to investigate joke-telling behavior in which one character possessed a necessary mental state and the other did not. The participants were asked to whom they would tell a joke based on the mental state. Finally, a sample of jokes for each participant was taken. As hypothesized, the results suggest that adults view both incongruity and comprehension to be necessary for humor, while not considering other unrelated variables. Five-year-olds developed an appreciation of the necessity of incongruity and eight-year-olds considered comprehension important. This understanding was further demonstrated in children's joke-telling behavior and how much sense their jokes made. Children who thought that incongruity and comprehension were not important chose to tell jokes to people who would not find the joke funny and told nonsensical jokes. One unpredicted result was that children's understanding of humor was not related to their understanding of the mind, implying development through experience with humor. These results suggest that children's joking behavior is based on their understanding of humor, not only general conceptual development.

Analysis of genes responsive to silicate starvation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

Robison, Matthew Lee The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae. They are one of the most important groups of photoautotrophs. This class of eukaryotes is poorly understood, despite their importance to the global ecosystem. Diatoms construct a unique silica/organic composite cell wall. Cell wall biosynthesis is of particular interest as it is a unique bio-inorganic synthetic system. In order to identify genes potentially involved in diatom cell wall biosynthesis and silicate metabolism a series of DNA oligonucleotide microarray experiments were performed on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. A T. pseudonana DNA microarray was constructed that incorporated probes specific to 1132 regions identified using DNA tiling microarrays, previously predicted genes and recently available EST sequences. These second generation DNA oligonucleotide microarrays were used to compare responses to a number of growth limiting conditions (low silicate, low iron, low nitrate, low temperature, low CO2/high pH) to those of normal, log phase growth. From these studies, 129 specific, differentially expressed genes were identified under silicate limited growth, including 17 previously unidentified expressed regions. Protein kinase genes play an integral role in cellular environmental regulation. As a first step towards understanding the diatom kinome, comparative bioinformatic techniques were used to identify and classify the protein kinases of the diatoms T. pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum . This analysis was used to interpret differentially expressed kinase genes identified in the DNA oligonucleotide microarray study in a comparative genomic context. 196 T. pseudonana and 154 P. tricornutum genes were found to encode protein kinases. 37 T. pseudonana and 35 P. tricornutum kinases appear to be members of novel protein kinase families. T. pseudonana had twice as many AGC and CAMK group protein kinase genes as P. tricornutum. This suggests that Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide secondary signal transduction may be more important in T. pseudonana then in P. tricornutum. Furthermore, 5 out of the 9 genes identified as differentially expressed kinases are members of protein kinase gene families present in T. pseudonana, but not found in P. tricornutum. This suggests that there are important differences between the ways these diatoms respond to environmental stress.

Why Politics? Understanding the Motives Behind Political Interest

Robison, Joshua Andrew Northwestern University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Citizens who are interested in politics are far more likely to engage in a wide variety of political acts than their disinterested peers. They also develop deeper stores of political knowledge and sophistication. Interest thus plays a critical role in explaining outcomes deeply important to both political scientists and the mass public. However, political scientists actually know very little about political interest---how it develops why it varies, and how to stimulate more of it. In this dissertation, I develop a causal theory for understanding political interest. The core component of this theory is motives; without understanding the goals that citizens connect, or fail to connect, to political engagement, we ultimately cannot understand variation in political interest. I investigate the role of goals in three empirical chapters. In Chapter Three, I show that personal values structure what individuals think politics is about and also their resulting interest. In Chapter Four, I demonstrate that connecting political engagement to the goal of social relationship formation concomitantly strongly stimulates enhanced interest especially among individuals with low levels of external efficacy. Finally, in Chapter Five, I show that the way the news media covers or frames politics deeply matters as different news frames vary in their ability to both catch and hold interest when politics is faced with competition from entertainment alternatives. This thus synthesizes previous research from political science, psychology, sociology, and communication studies to offer, and test, the first comprehensive theory of political interest development.

Social regulation of reproduction

Robison, Rex Randall Stanford University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

A central question in neurobiology is how social interactions affect the brain. The African cichlid fish, <italic>Haplochromis burtoni</italic>, offers unique advantages for such investigations. Territorial (T) <italic> H. burtoni</italic> males are aggressive with large gonads and large neurons in the hypothalamus that release the reproductive signaling hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH1). Nonterritorial (NT) males, in contrast, have regressed gonads and small GnRH1 neurons. Moreover, changes in territorial status, dictated by social environment, produce these physiological changes. How social status regulates the reproductive physiology is the focus of these experiments. I investigated whether known GnRH1 cell size differences between <italic> H. burtoni</italic> males correlate with GnRH1 peptide levels. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to measure GnRH levels in whole brains, revealed that T brains contain 1.7 times as much GnRH1 as NT brains, approximating the ratio of GnRH1-immunoreactive cell sizes. Levels of the structurally similar but spatially distinct GnRH2 and GnRH3 did not vary with status. This suggests social control of GnRH1 peptide level but not of GnRH2 or GnRH3. The GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) mediates the effects of GnRH, so its properties dictate the hormone's effects. <italic>H. burtoni</italic> cDNA showing high homology to other GnRH-R was cloned. RT-PCR demonstrated GnRH-R mRNA expression throughout the brain and in retina and testes, as predicted. Expression of the cDNA in COS-1 cells showed that the cloned receptor is functional, with properties similar to other teleost GnRH-R. To investigate social control of GnRH-R levels, antibodies were produced against the extracellular amino terminus of the GnRH-R peptide. ELISA results showed more GnRH-R was present in the pituitaries of T males than NT males. This is a novel demonstration of social regulation of GnRH-R. Additionally, possible sensory cues used by the fish to recognize its social status were examined. Males were found to change between blue and yellow morphs, which may play a role in visual communication. Chemical signals were not found to play a role in intraspecific communication.

The Path to Wholeness: The Therapeutic Potential of Bodily Writing in Late Medieval Dream Visions

Robison, Katherine Ann ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation argues that late medieval dream poets viewed writing as a serious means of therapy, capable of healing both psychological and physiological ailments. Blending together the poetic revelatory tradition (influenced by Apocalyptic writings) with new understandings of health and medicine, fourteenth-century dream visions sought to treat the illnesses of their poetic personae by applying medical principles to literary bodies. It is the dream frame in particular, as both a reflection of the poet's physical and mental condition and a catalyst for introspection and transformation, that enabled these poets to write through and for their bodies, ultimately facilitating healing. I take as case studies four late medieval dream visions: Le Roman de la Rose, Piers Plowman, the House of Fame , and L'Advision-Christine.

Interaction of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex and replication protein A (RPA) in response to DNA damage

Robison, Jacob University of Cincinnati 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Both replicative stress and DNA damage initiate cellular processes collectively termed the DNA damage response. These processes include activation of appropriate DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints, and in some cases, apoptosis. Accurate and efficient operation of the DNA damage response is essential for preventing mutations that may lead to oncogenic transformation or some types of inherited diseases. The DNA damage response involves sensing the damage, activation of specific kinases that transduce the activation signal via protein phosphorylation, and activation of effector proteins that carry out the functional aspects of the response. Two hallmarks of the DNA damage response are phosphorylation of key regulatory proteins and aggregation of multiprotein complexes into foci at or near the site of damage. The proteins that are phosphorylated and the composition of the foci depend upon the nature of the DNA lesion, and changes as the damage is recognized, processed and then repaired. Although different types of DNA damage activate specific repair proteins and pathways, some proteins respond to multiple types of lesions. Two protein complexes essential for the response to many lesions types are the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex and replication protein A (RPA). Evidence supports the hypothesis that both of these complexes have multiple roles in the DNA damage response, including initial DNA damage recognition, activation of the signal transducing kinases and functional roles in DNA repair pathways. Although the MRN complex and RPA both become phosphorylated and form foci in response to multiple types of DNA lesions, we found that they co-localize to nuclear foci only in response to a subset of lesions. However, depletion of RPA via siRNA abrogates the ability of the MRN complex to form foci. These data suggest that the MRN complex and RPA have functional activities that can be both dependent and independent of each other. Understanding the determinant of whether or not the MRN complex and RPA interact, as well as the functional consequence of this interaction, will help elucidate the cellular responses to different types of DNA lesions and provide crucial information that may allow us to intervene to prevent the negative effects of DNA damage.

Nutritional and Management Strategies for High-Risk Beef Calves During the Receiving Period

Robison, Colton Ace Oklahoma State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Crossbred beef steers (n = 605; initial BW = 255 ± 8.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments upon arrival to the feedlot. Steers were either administered metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment at arrival (MET) or received no antimicrobial treatment (CON). No differences in BW existed between CON and MET steers throughout the experiment (P ≥ 0.44). Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) for MET steers than for CON steers from d 0 to 14. Performance and hematological differences were evaluated within CON steers that were either treated (TRT) or not treated (NTRT) for BRD. Body weight was consistently greater (P < 0.02) for NTRT steers compared to TRT steers; however, no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in ADG were detected. Neutrophil counts tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for NTRT steers than for TRT steers, but no further differences (P ≥ 0.16) in leukocyte concentrations existed. Treated CON steers had lower (P ≤ 0.05) hematocrits, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin than NTRT steers. In Exp. 2, newly received heifers (n = 557; initial BW = 230 ± 33 kg) were randomly allocated to diets containing 15% roughage (R15), 30% roughage (R30), or 45% roughage (R45). Heifer BW decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with decreasing roughage inclusion after d 28 of the experiment. There was a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in ADG as roughage concentration increased. Dry matter intake increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) and G:F linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.04) as dietary roughage concentration increased. No responses (L, P ≥ 0.44; Q, P ≥ 0.11) were detected for overall BRD treatment or other clinical measures. Roughage concentration had no impact (P ≥ 0.11) on serum metabolites. In Exp. 3, newly received heifers were randomly assigned to receive a nutrient-rich bolus at processing (BOL) or received an empty gelatin bolus (CON). No differences (P ≥ 0.11) in BW, ADG, DMI, G:F, or health outcome were detected between treatments. Glucose concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for CON cattle on d 14; however, no further differences (P ≥ 0.20) in metabolite concentrations were observed.

Molecular and Physiological Responses of Soybean (Glycine max) to Cold and the Stress Hormone Ethylene

Robison, Jennifer Dawn Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Abiotic stresses, such as cold, are serious agricultural problems resulting in substantial crop and revenue losses. Soybean (Glycine max ) is an important worldwide crop for food, feed, fuel, and other products. Soybean has long been considered to be cold-intolerant and incapable of cold acclimation. In contrast to these reports, this study demonstrates that cold acclimation improved freezing tolerance in the domestic soybean cultivar Williams 82 with 50% enhancement of freezing tolerance after 5.2 ± 0.6 days of cold exposure. Decreases in light dependent photosynthetic function and efficiency accompanied cold treatment. These decreases were due to an increase in photon dissipation likely driven by a decrease in plastoquinone (PQ) pool size limiting electron flow from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PSI). Coldinduced damage to operational photosynthesis began at 25 minutes of cold exposure and maximal photosynthesis was disrupted after 6 to 7 hours of cold exposure. Cold exposure caused severe photodamage leading to the loss of PSII reaction centers and photosynthetic efficiency.Comparisons of eight cultivars of G. max demonstrated a weak correlation between cold acclimation and northern cultivars versus southern cultivars. In the nondomesticated soybean species Glycine soja, the germination rate after cold imbibition was positively correlated with seedling cold acclimation potential. However, the overall cold acclimation potential in G. soja was equal to that of domestic soybean G. max reducing the enthusiasm for the “wild” soybean as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.Despite being relatively cold intolerant, the soybean genome possesses homologs of the major cold responsive CBF/DREB1 transcription factors. These genes are coldinduced in soybean in a similar pattern to that of the cold tolerant model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, EIN3, a major component of the ethylene signaling pathway, is a negative transcriptional regulator of CBF/DREB1. In contrast to AtEIN3 transcript levels which do not change during cold treatment in Arabidopsis, we observed a cold-dependent 3.6 fold increase in GmEIN3 transcript levels in soybean. We hypothesized that this increase could prevent effective CBF/DREB1 cold regulation in soybean. Analysis of our newly developed cold responsive reporter (AtRD29Aprom::GFP/GUS) soybean transgenic lines demonstrated that inhibition of the ethylene pathway via foliar sprays (AVG, 1-MCP, and silver nitrate) resulted in significant cold-induced GUS activity. Transcripts of GmEIN3A;1 increased in response to ethylene pathway stimulation (ACC and ethephon) and decreased in response to ethylene pathway inhibition in the cold. Additionally, in the cold, inhibition of the ethylene pathway resulted in a significant increase in transcripts of GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1A;2 and stimulation of the ethylene pathway led to a decrease in GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1B;1 transcripts. To assess the physiological effects of these transcriptional changes; electrolyte leakage, lipid oxidation, free proline content, and photosynthesis were examined. Improvement in electrolyte leakage, a measure of freezing tolerance, was seen only under silver nitrate treatment. Only 1-MCP treatment resulted in significantly decreased lipid oxidation. Transcripts for CBF/DREB1 downstream targets (containing the consensus CRT/DRE motifs) significantly decreased in plants treated with ethylene pathway stimulators in the cold; however, ethylene pathway inhibition generally produced no increase over basal cold levels.

Ex vivo and in vitro effects of omega-3 fatty acids on joint health in sows and gilts

Robison, Cara Irene Michigan State University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaneioc acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alter the production of inflammatory mediators. The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to examine the effects of EPA or DHA alone or in combination on the inflammatory response of stimulated cartilage explants from gilts; second to characterize the effects of dietary PUFA supplementation on bone, cartilage, and synovial fluid in sows and gilts. For the first objective, cartilage was obtained from the humeral-ulnar joints of Yorkshire x Landrace market sized gilts. Explants were harvested from the humeral-ulnar joints within 8 h of slaughter. Explants were allocated to culture plates and cultured in 1 mL of DMEM:F12 medium for 24 h with 10% fetal bovine serum. At 48 and 72 h, 1 mL of treatment media containing 15 ng/ml of recombinant porcine IL-1 was added to each well. At 48, 72, and 96 h after cartilage was allocated to wells, media were removed from each well and reserved for analyses. Media were analyzed for proteoglycan, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In general, when EPA and/or DHA are supplemented to explants in combination with linoleic acid (LA) NO and PGE2 release is decreased. Explants treated with 25 ?g/ml DHA released 53% less NO into the media than explants treated with the same concentration of EPA and 60% less than explants treated with LA alone. These data demonstrate that EPA and DHA are capable of modulating the inflammatory response in porcine articular cartilage in vitro. To complete the second objective sows and gilts were fed either a basal corn/soybean meal based diet (CON), or the basal diet supplemented with PUFA (Gromega 365; JBS United, Sheridan, IN). Sows completed an average of 5.5 parities while gilts reached an average BW of 111 kg at time of slaughter. Cartilage was biopsied from both humeral-ulnar joints of 14 sows (7/trt) and 16 gilts (8/trt) within 30 h of slaughter for fatty acid analysis and explant cultures. Synovial fluid was collected from the carpal joints of each pig post-mortem. The right fused radius/ulna were analyzed using computed tomography (CT). CT scans of the radius/ulna from gilts revealed no differences for cortical width and bone density. Sows fed PUFA had greater cortical width of the proximal ulna (P<0.05) and decreased cortical width of the distal radius (P<0.05). Sows fed PUFA had increased DHA (P<0.01), decreased C20:1 (P<0.01), and decreased omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (P<0.05) in cartilage. Gilts fed PUFA had increased EPA (P<0.10), DHA (P<0.01), C22:1 (P <0.01), and C22:5 (P<0.10) in cartilage. Although the PUFA diet increased omega-3 incorporation into chondrocytes, the biological significance is unclear since concentrations of AA were at least 9-fold higher than EPA or DHA. Bone density was not affected by a PUFA enriched diet. Thus, if omega-3 fatty acids can mitigate inflammation in joints, the benefit may be the result of systemic changes in inflammatory mediators.