Rome Statute and India: An Analysis of India’s Attitude towards the International Criminal Court

Rishav Banerjee (사) 이준국제법연구원 2011 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.4 No.2

The International Criminal Court is the first permanent world judicial institutionwith nearly universal jurisdiction to try individuals accused of war crimes, crimesagainst humanity, genocide and possible aggression. Curiously, India voted againstthe Court’s founding instrument, the Rome Statute. The Indian Government haschosen to adopt a‘non-position’on the most important step taken towardsestablishing genuine accountability for unthinkable atrocities, which reflects a deepseated confusion of thought rather than a principled stance. Even worse, the statedposition of the Government has been to find common ground between Indian andAmerican‘apprehensions’of “possible conflict between robust, national judicialprocesses and international tribunals as also the impact of such tribunals on nationalsovereignty.”Against this background, this paper presents a critical review of theIndian position on the ICC, considering familiar accusations and criticisms directedagainst it. It also explores policy options available to the government in tackling coreinternational crimes and finally underlines the need for reforms in the nationalcriminal justice system. It is the thesis of this paper that India has seriouslymisjudged the legal, political and social repercussions of opposing the Rome Statute,and risks a further erosion of credibility if it altogether repudiates the Statute, andwith it, its sizable practical advantages for protecting the dual interests of itsnationals as individuals serving their country abroad, and of its national security. These points are not based on sentimental devotion to a vague and ill-defined internationalism, but on a pragmatic analysis of the interplay between the ICC andcustomary international law.

Reconciling the WTO Effects on Trade at the Extensive and Intensive Margins

Rishav Bista 한국국제경제학회 2015 International Economic Journal Vol.29 No.2

Empirical studies examining the impact of World Trade Organization (WTO) membership have produced disparate results. These studies, however, have focused on total aggregate trade flows. In this paper, we utilize disaggregated product level data to examine the impact of WTO membership on the product level extensive and intensive margin of imports. Utilizing the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation that allows for heteroskedasticity in trade data and accounting for several estimation issues, we do not find a positive impact on either margins between WTO member country-pairs. Once we examine asymmetries in trade flows across countries based on their level of development, we find that developing WTO members experience an increase in the extensive margin from industrial member countries. Additionally, the industrial WTO members also experience an increase in the extensive margin from developing WTO members. Results suggest that WTO facilitates the North–South trade relationship, which has been largely absent in trade literature.

Influence of pozzolans on properties of cementitious materials: A review

Garg, Rishav,Garg, Rajni,Eddy, Nnabuk Okon Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.11 No.4

Use of additives/supplementary materials in partial substitution of cement is gaining widespread attention across the world due to the sustainability issue with production of cement. With their pozzolanic activity & filler effect, use of nano-pozzolans such as nano-silica has been proved as quite promising & cost-effective for use as supplementary cementitious materials. This study is aimed at highlighting the effect of partial substitution of cement/addition of various nano-pozzolans on the hydration, strength and microstructure of the cementitious materials. Further, the effect of incorporation of other pozzolans has also been discussed. Comparative account of pozzolanic activity of different pozzolans has also been critically analyzed. It has been found that the cement matrix gets improved in terms of its microstructure by partial substitution of cement/addition of pozzolan in appropriate amount resulting in enhancement of the bulk properties by consumption of portlandite. The improved compressive strength of cementitious materials not only results in enhancement of the durability but also the service life of the construction structures and results in reduction of the cost incurred in maintenance and repair. Thus, the cement demand can be decreased by the partial substitution of cement/addition of such materials. It will result in an ultimate reduction of the greenhouse effect and lead to sustainable development.

Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Corrosion and Chloride Penetration of Concrete Incorporating Colloidal Nanosilica and Silica Fume

Garg, Rishav,Garg, Rajni,Singla, Sandeep The Korean Electrochemical Society 2021 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.12 No.4

Enhancement of durability and reduction of maintenance cost of concrete, with the implementation of various approaches, has always been a matter of concern to researchers. The integration of pozzolans as a substitute for cement into the concrete is one of the most desirable technique. Silica fume (SF) and colloidal nanosilica (CS) have received a great deal of interest from researchers with their significant performance in improving the durability of concrete. The synergistic role of the micro and nano-silica particles in improving the main characteristics of cemented materials needs to be investigated. This work aims to examine the utility of partial substitution of cement by SF and CS in binary and ternary blends in the improvement of the durability characteristics linked to resistance for electrochemical corrosion using electrical resistivity and half-cell potential analysis and chloride penetration trough rapid chloride penetration test. Furthermore, the effects of this silica mixture on the compressive strength of concrete under normal and aggressive environment have also been investigated. Based on the maximum compression strength of the concrete, the optimal cement substituent ratios have been obtained as 12% SF and 1.5% CS for binary blends. The optimal CS and SF combination mixing ratios has been obtained as 1.0% and 12% respectively for ternary blends. The ternary blends with substitution of cement by optimal percentage of CS and SF exhibited decreased rate for electrochemical corrosion. The strength and durability studies were found in consistence with the microstructural analysis signifying the beneficiary role of CS and SF in upgrading the performance of concrete.

A Protocol for Selecting Physically Varying Soils for Basic Studies from a Limited Dataset

Anshuman Kohli,Kumar Rishav Raj,Swati Kumari 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Sol-gel synthesis, computational chemistry, and applications of Cao nanoparticles for the remediation of methyl orange contaminated water

Nnabuk Okon Eddy,Rajni Garg,Rishav Garg,Samson I. Eze,Emeka Chima Ogoko,Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle,Richard Alexis Ukpe,Raphael Ogbodo,Favour Chijoke Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.15 No.1

Nanoparticles are known for their outstanding properties such as particle size, surface area, optical and electrical properties. These properties have significantly boasted their applications in various surface phenomena. In this work, calcium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from periwinkle shells as an approach towards waste management through resource recovery. The sol gel method was used for the synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultra violet visible spectrophotometer (UV-visible). While DLS and SEM underestimate the particle diameter, the BET analysis reveals surface area of 138.998 m²/g, pore volume = 0.167 m³/g and pore diameter of 2.47 nm. The nanoparticles were also employed as an adsorbent for the purification of dye (methyl orange) contaminated water. The adsorbent showed excellent removal efficiency (up to 97 %) for the dye through the mechanism of physical adsorption. The adsorption of the dye fitted the Langmuir and Temkin models. Analysis of FTIR spectrum after adsorption complemented with computational chemistry modelling to reveal the imine nitrogen group as the site for the adsorption of the dye unto the nanomaterials. The synthesized nanomaterials have an average particle size of 24 nm, showed a unique XRD peak and is thermally and mechanically stable within the investigated temperature range (30 to 70 ℃).

Image-Guided Fine Needle Cytology with Aspiration Versus Non-Aspiration in Retroperitoneal Masses: Is Aspiration Necessary?

Rajiv Kumar Misra,Shaila Mitra,Rishav Kumar Jain,Shilpa Vahikar,Archana Bundela,Purak Misra 대한병리학회 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.2

Background: Although using fine needle cytology with aspiration (FNC-A) for establishing diagnoses in the retroperitoneal region has shown promise, there is scant literature supporting a role of non-aspiration cytology (FNC-NA) for this region. We assessed the accuracy and reliability of FNC-A and FNC-NA as tools for preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses and compared the results of both techniques with each other and with histopathology. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with retroperitoneal masses were subjected to FNC-A and FNC-NA. Smears were stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin stain. An individual slide was objectively analysed using a point scoring system to enable comparison between FNC-A and FNC-NA. Results: By FNC-A, 91.7% accuracy was obtained in cases of retroperitoneal lymph node lesions followed by renal masses (83.3%). The diagnostic accuracy of other sites by FNC-A varied from 75.0%–81.9%. By FNC-NA, 93.4% diagnostically accurate results were obtained in the kidney, followed by 75.0% in adrenal masses. The diagnostic accuracy of other sites by FNC-NA varied from 66.7%–72.8%. Conclusions: Although both techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages, FNC-NA may be a more efficient adjuvant method of sampling in retroperitoneal lesions.