http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Examining EFL Teachers’ Non-verbal Behaviors in English-medium Lessons
Rintaro Sato 아시아테플 2018 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.15 No.1
This paper describes an observational study with three Japanese EFL teachers that examined: (1) the difference in the frequencies of non-verbal behaviors (NVBs) depending on the amount of the second language (L2) used by the teacher; (2) the kinds of NVBs the Japanese EFL teachers used in the classes, and (3) the difference in frequency of NVB use depending on whether the same teacher used their first language (L1) or L2. An analysis of the findings indicated the following: (1) the greater the amount of teacher output of L2, the more frequently NVBs were used; (2) the teachers used different types of NVBs depending on the situation; and (3) NVBs were more frequently used when the teacher spoke L2. These findings suggest that NVBs play a crucial role in providing comprehensible input in EFL classrooms. The pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and teacher educators are also suggested in the conclusion.
Study on operation and disposed wastes in hazardous waste landfill
( Rintaro Kikkawa ),( Yasumasatojo ),( Toshihiko Matsuto ),( Takayuki Matsuo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1
In Japan, industrial waste landfill is classified into three types and the one is hazardous waste landfill. This type of landfill accepts hazardous industrial waste (e.g. sludge or dust which exceeds the leaching criteria on hazardous substances) and isolates the waste from external environment by rigid structure with impervious thick concrete walls (over 35cm). It was reported that at present there are 24 sites in Japan according to a report by Ministry of the Environment (MOE). However, there are many unknowns, since few researches had been performed up to now. Thus, in this study, the objective was set to identify the current situation of these hazardous waste landfills, especially regarding the kinds of waste disposed of into such sites. The paths from generators to the landfills were supposed to be like Fig. 1. Therefore, at first, situation of the generation sources of industrial hazardous waste were surveyed based on the reports published by MOE. The types of hazardous waste generated and their amount can be found. The amount of hazardous waste generated annually in nationwide was approximately three million ton and major categories were waste acid, waste alkali and waste oil. The amount of their final disposal varied widely with the year and predominant categories were waste alkali and waste oil. However, the amount of hazardous waste which was disposed of into the hazardous waste landfill couldn’t be made clear due to no clear description on the landfill type used. Thus, reports submitted by waste generators to prefectures were investigated next. As a result, the number of generators was 2231 in total, which was too many to investigated them individually. In addition, most waste generators entrust their hazardous waste treatment to the private waste treatment companies. Considering these facts, records of waste treatment companies should be investigated. The reports submitted by waste treatment companies to the regulatory authority (prefectures) were not published officially. Thus, we made disclosure request on the reports to a prefecture in which hazardous waste landfill exists. According to the reports, it was found that there were five facilities treating hazardous waste and only one facility operated hazardous waste landfill in Hokkaido. Since 19 waste generators were identified as the clients of final disposal to the site, interview and questionnaire survey for them were conducted. As a result, the kind and amount of waste in the site were known as indicated in Fig. 2. The largest fraction of the waste, which was disposed of as “sludge” or “slag”, was the waste caster materials used in thermal waste treatment plant. They became hazardous waste because they contained much Cr (VI) to resist to high temperature inside the furnaces. Besides, CRT glasses (containing Pb), waste sand coming from sand blast (Pb), and sludge from hot spring drainage (As) were disposed of as “sludge”. And dust from electric furnaces (Pb/Cd) and dust from crematories (Cr) were disposed of as “dust”.
( Rintaro Moroi ),( Katsuya Endo ),( Katsutoshi Yamamoto ),( Takeo Naito ),( Motoyuki Onodera ),( Masatake Kuroha ),( Yoshitake Kanazawa ),( Tomoya Kimura ),( Yoichi Kakuta ),( Atsushi Masamune ),( Yo 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.1
Background/Aims: Few reports have described the long-term treatment outcomes of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody for Japanese Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate them and clarify the clinical factors that affect the long-term prognosis of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatments. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, single-center cohort study. Japanese CD patients treated with either infliximab or adalimumab as a first-line therapy were analyzed. The cumulative retention rates of the biologics, relapse-free survival, and surgery-free survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. The clinical factors associated with the long-term outcomes were estimated by both the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The cumulative retention rate was significantly higher in the group with a concomitant elemental diet of ≥900 kcal/day, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels <2.6 mg/dL, and baseline serum albumin levels ≥3.5 g/dL, respectively. The baseline serum albumin levels were also associated with both relapse-free and surgery-free survival. The lack of concomitant use of an elemental diet ≥900 kcal/day was identified as the only independent risk factor for the withdrawal of the biologics. Conclusions: Baseline CRP levels and serum albumin levels could affect the long-term outcomes in CD patients. Concomitant elemental diet of ≥900 kcal/day could have a positive influence on clinical treatment course. (Intest Res 2019;17:94-106)
Microstructure Control of Grain-oriented Barium-titanate Ceramics and Their Piezoelectric Properties
Petr Pulpan,Rintaro Mori,Hiroshi Hayashi,Yoshitaka Nagamori,Yuichi Yamamoto,Satoshi Wada 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.41
A templated grain growth (TGG) method was used for the preparation of grain-oriented bariumtitanate (BaTiO3, BT) ceramics. [110]-oriented BT plate-like template particles were dispersed in a matrix of hydrothermal BT spherical particles of various sizes. The Lotgering method using the Xray diffraction (XRD) pattern determined the degree of orientation along the [110] direction (F110). An optimization of the preparation conditions was performed in terms of the template-to-matrix weight ratio (T/M), the Ba/Ti ratio, and the sintering temperature and time in order to achieve a high F110 along with a small grain size and a high density. A grain size as small as 10 µm could be reached for Ba/Ti ratios close to the stoichiometric value. Lower values led to an increase in F110 and in the grain size. A T/M bigger than 80% was necessary for F110 to be above 80% and for the grain size lower than 40 µm. The density was almost independent of the T/M and the Ba/Ti ratios. The grain growth was limited by a two-step sintering process. Small grain size, high F110 and high density are essential if the piezoelectric constant d33 is to be increased above the values for standard BT ceramics.