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Zeolite Membranes: Functionalizing of Properties by Tailored Compositions
Richter, Hannes,Weyd, Marcus,Simon, Adrian,Kuhnert, Jan-Thomas,Gunther, Christiane,Voigt, Ingolf,Michaelis, Alexander The Membrane Society of Korea 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.6
Membrane separation is a technology of low energy consumption. Membranes made of zeolites are of great interest because their fixed and open pores in the size of small molecules inside crystalline structures allow separation processes under harsh conditions. While zeolite NaA (LTA-type) is industrially used for dewatering of organic solvents, its pore size and thermal and hydrothermal stability can be tuned by exchange of framework and extra-framework elements. SOD with pores of only 0.28 nm is of great interest for $H_2$- und $H_2O$-separation and also can be tuned by ion exchange. Zeolites open the opportunity to create membranes of adapted separation behavior for small molecules in conditions of surrounding technical processes. 분리막을 이용한 분리 기술은 에너지 소요가 적다. 제올라이트를 기반으로 제작한 분리막의 경우, 결정 구조 내에 작은 분자 크기의 기공을 갖고 있어 이를 이용하여 가혹한 조건에서도 분리가 가능하기 때문에, 그 관심도가 높다. NaA (LTA 유형의 제올라이트) 제올라이트의 경우, 산업적으로 유기 용매에서 수분을 제거하는 데 많이 사용되는 데, 해당 기공 크기나 열적/수열안정성은 제올라이트 내부나 외부의 원소를 바꿔줌으로써 조절할 수 있다. 더 작은 0.28 nm 크기를 지닌 SOD 유형의 제올라이트의 경우, 수소나 물 분리에 적합하여 그 관심도가 높아지고 있으며, 이 제올라이트 유형 또한, 이온교환과 같은 방법으로 성질을 변경할 수 있다. 제올라이트는 주변 기술 및 공정 조건에 맞게 작은 분자들을 적절하게 분리할 수 있는 분리막을 창출할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌 소재이다.
Re-visiting the O/Cu(111) system – when metastable surface oxides could become an issue!
Richter, Norina A.,Kim, Chang-Eun,Stampfl, Catherine,Soon, Aloysius The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.48
<P>Surface oxidation processes are crucial for the functionality of Cu-based catalytic systems used for methanol synthesis, partial oxidation of methanol or the water-gas shift reaction. We assess the stability and population of the “8”-structure, a <IMG SRC='http://www.rsc.org/ej/CP/2014/c4cp04473h/c4cp04473h-t1.gif'> oxide phase, on the Cu(111) surface. This structure has been observed in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction experiments as a Cu(111) surface reconstruction that can be induced by a hyperthermal oxygen molecular beam. Using density-functional theory calculations in combination with <I>ab initio</I> atomistic thermodynamics and Boltzmann statistical mechanics, we find that the proposed oxide superstructure is indeed metastable and that the population of the “8”-structure is competitive with the known “29” and “44” oxide film structures on Cu(111). We show that the configuration of O and Cu atoms in the first and second layers of the “8”-structure closely resembles the arrangement of atoms in the first two layers of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O(110), where the atoms in the “8”-structure are more constricted. Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O(110) has been suggested in the literature as the most active low index facet for reactions such as water splitting under light illumination. If the “8”-structure were to form during a catalytic process, it is therefore likely to be one of the reactive phases.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Using DFT calculations in combination with <I>ab initio</I> atomistic thermodynamics and Boltzmann statistical mechanics, a new metastable oxidized surface structure on Cu(111) has been identified and our theoretical results support observations made by experiments. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp04473h'> </P>
Disulfide Bonds of Proteins Displayed on Spores of Bacillus subtilis Can Occur Spontaneously
Richter, Anne,Kim, Wooil,Kim, June-Hyung,Schumann, Wolfgang Springer-Verlag 2015 Current microbiology Vol.71 No.1
<P>Surface display using spores of Bacillus subtilis is widely used to anchor antigens and enzymes of different sources. One open question is whether anchored proteins are able to form disulfide bonds. To answer this important question, we anchored the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase PhoA on the spore surface using two different surface proteins, CotB and CotZ. This enzyme needs two disulfide bonds to become active. Subsequently, we purified the spores and assayed for alkaline phosphatase activity. In both cases, we were able to recover enzymatic activity. Next, we asked whether formation of disulfide bonds occurs spontaneous or is catalyzed by thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases upon lysis of the cells. The experiment was repeated in a double-knockout mutant δbdbC and δbdbD. Since the disulfide bonds are also present on spores prepared from the double knockout, we conclude that oxidative environment after cell lysis is sufficient for disulfide formation of alkaline phosphatase.</P>
제올라이트 분리막: 조성 변경을 통한 분리막 성질의 조절
Hannes Richter,Marcus Weyd,Adrian Simon,Jan-Thomas Kühnert,Christiane Günther,Ingolf Voigt,Alexander Michaelis 한국막학회 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.6
분리막을 이용한 분리 기술은 에너지 소요가 적다. 제올라이트를 기반으로 제작한 분리막의 경우, 결정 구조 내에 작은 분자 크기의 기공을 갖고 있어 이를 이용하여 가혹한 조건에서도 분리가 가능하기 때문에, 그 관심도가 높다. NaA (LTA 유형의 제올라이트) 제올라이트의 경우, 산업적으로 유기 용매에서 수분을 제거하는 데 많이 사용되는 데, 해당 기공 크기나 열적/수열안정성은 제올라이트 내부나 외부의 원소를 바꿔줌으로써 조절할 수 있다. 더 작은 0.28 nm 크기를 지닌 SOD 유형의 제올라이트의 경우, 수소나 물 분리에 적합하여 그 관심도가 높아지고 있으며, 이 제올라이트 유형 또한, 이온 교환과 같은 방법으로 성질을 변경할 수 있다. 제올라이트는 주변 기술 및 공정 조건에 맞게 작은 분자들을 적절하게 분리할 수 있는 분리막을 창출할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌 소재이다. Membrane separation is a technology of low energy consumption. Membranes made of zeolites are of great interest because their fixed and open pores in the size of small molecules inside crystalline structures allow separation processes under harsh conditions. While zeolite NaA (LTA-type) is industrially used for dewatering of organic solvents, its pore size and thermal and hydrothermal stability can be tuned by exchange of framework and extra-framework elements. SOD with pores of only 0.28 nm is of great interest for H2- und H2O-separation and also can be tuned by ion exchange. Zeolites open the opportunity to create membranes of adapted separation behavior for small molecules in conditions of surrounding technical processes.
Zeolite Membranes: Functionalizing of Properties by Tailored Compositions
Hannes Richter,Marcus Weyd,Adrian Simon,Jan-Thomas Kühnert,Christiane Günther,Ingolf Voigt,Alexander Michaelis 한국막학회 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.6
Membrane separation is a technology of low energy consumption. Membranes made of zeolites are of great interest because their fixed and open pores in the size of small molecules inside crystalline structures allow separation processes under harsh conditions. While zeolite NaA (LTA-type) is industrially used for dewatering of organic solvents, its pore size and thermal and hydrothermal stability can be tuned by exchange of framework and extra-framework elements. SOD with pores of only 0.28 nm is of great interest for H 2 - und H 2 O-separation and also can be tuned by ion exchange. Zeolites open the opportunity to create membranes of adapted separation behavior for small molecules in conditions of surrounding technical processes.