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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and non-liver comorbidities
Richie Manikat,Mindie H. Nguyen 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver. It is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, and patients with NAFLD often have comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In addition to liver-related complications, NAFLD has been associated with a range of non-liver comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and sleep apnea. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD, and patients with NAFLD have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than the general population. Chronic kidney disease is also more common in patients with NAFLD, and the severity of NAFLD is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Sleep apnea, a disorder characterized by breathing interruptions during sleep, is also more common in patients with NAFLD and is associated with the severity of NAFLD. The presence of non-liver comorbidities in patients with NAFLD has important implications for the management of this disease. Treatment of comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia may improve liver-related outcomes in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, treatment of non-liver comorbidities may also improve overall health outcomes in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential for non-liver comorbidities in patients with NAFLD and should consider the management of these comorbidities as part of the overall management of this disease.
Optimization of patch antennas via multithreaded simulated annealing based design exploration
James E. Richie,Cristinel Ababei 한국CDE학회 2017 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.4 No.4
In this paper, we present a new software framework for the optimization of the design of microstrip patch antennas. The proposed simulation and optimization framework implements a simulated annealing algorithm to perform design space exploration in order to identify the optimal patch antenna design. During each iteration of the optimization loop, we employ the popular MEEP simulation tool to evaluate explored design solutions. To speed up the design space exploration, the software framework is developed to run multiple MEEP simulations concurrently. This is achieved using multithreading to implement a manager-workers execution strategy. The number of worker threads is the same as the number of cores of the computer that is utilized. Thus, the computational runtime of the proposed software framework enables effective design space exploration. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed software framework.
Global by Design: Participatory Evaluation of a Global Citizenship After-School Program
Michael Thier,Richie Thomas,Jennifer Tanaka,Lokela Alexander Minami 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2016 교과교육학연구 Vol.20 No.3
OneWorld Now! (OWN) is an after-school program that focuses on global citizenship education by serving Seattle high school students with Arabic or Mandarin instruction, leadership coursework, and study abroad. A participatory program evaluation showed (a) OWN’s leadership curriculum to align with most standards for promising and evidence-based practices, (b) a year of OWN’s leadership coursework to associate with elevated levels of global citizenship on three measures, and (c) mixed results when comparing OWN’s recruitment methods to a high school-specific definition for global citizenship development. We discuss OWN’s status as a rare program to prioritize global citizenship and serve mostly economically disadvantaged students, plus opportunities for OWN to improve its design and theory.
Wenqian Zhao,Richie Yang,Shengfu Yang,Kan Zhang 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.1
We observed an unusual low polymerization temperature for the ortho-amide benzoxazine in comparison with its para-isomer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the intramolecular hydrogen bond between the oxazine ring and the adjacent amide softens the C–O bond, resulting in a reduced activation energy and thus a low ring-opening polymerization temperature. In addition, the polymerization kinetics of both para- and ortho-amide functional benzoxazines were investigated using the Starink method, which confirmed a relatively lower activation energy for the ortho-amide functional benzoxazine compared with its para-isomer. Our work suggests that softening chemical bonds by intramolecular hydrogen bonding may become a new strategy for the design of high-performance polybenzoxazine thermosets with low processing temperatures.
Vinod Kumar,Firdaus Jahan,Shailendra Raghuwanshi,Richi V. Mahajan,Rajendra Kumar Saxena 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4
A novel and simple method was developed for the preparation of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles by chemical co-precipitation method and subsequent coating with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) through silanization process. Magnetic Fe3O4-chitosan particles were prepared by the suspension cross-linking and covalent technique to be used in the application of magnetic carrier technology. The synthesized immobilization supports were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using glutaraldehyde as the coupling agent, the lipase from R. oryzae was successfully immobilized onto the functionalized magnetic Fe3O4-chitosan beads. The results showed that 86.60% of R. oryzae lipase was bound on the synthesized immobilization support. This immobilized lipase was successfully used for the esterification of phenolic acid which resulted in esterification of phenolic acid in isooctane solvent reaction system for 8 consecutive cycles (totally 384 h), 72.6% of its initial activity was retained,indicating a high stability in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo
Farokhzad, O. C.,Cheng, J.,Teply, B. A.,Sherifi, I.,Jon, S.,Kantoff, P. W.,Richie, J. P.,Langer, R. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.103 No.16
<P>Targeted uptake of therapeutic nanoparticles in a cell-, tissue-, or disease-specific manner represents a potentially powerful technology. Using prostate cancer as a model, we report docetaxel (Dtxl)-encapsulated nanoparticles formulated with biocompatible and biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) copolymer and surface functionalized with the A10 2'-fluoropyrimidine RNA aptamers that recognize the extracellular domain of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a well characterized antigen expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. These Dtxl-encapsulated nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates (Dtxl-NP-Apt) bind to the PSMA protein expressed on the surface of LNCaP prostate epithelial cells and get taken up by these cells resulting in significantly enhanced in vitro cellular toxicity as compared with nontargeted nanoparticles that lack the PSMA aptamer (Dtxl-NP) (P < 0.0004). The Dtxl-NP-Apt bioconjugates also exhibit remarkable efficacy and reduced toxicity as measured by mean body weight loss (BWL) in vivo [body weight loss of 7.7 +/- 4% vs. 18 +/- 5% for Dtxl-NP-Apt vs. Dtxl-NP at nadir, respectively (mean +/- SD); n = 7]. After a single intratumoral injection of Dtxl-NP-Apt bioconjugates, complete tumor reduction was observed in five of seven LNCaP xenograft nude mice (initial tumor volume of approximately 300 mm3), and 100% of these animals survived our 109-day study. In contrast, two of seven mice in the Dtxl-NP group had complete tumor reduction with 109-day survivability of only 57%. Dtxl alone had a survivability of only 14%. Saline and nanoparticles without drug were similarly nonefficacious. This report demonstrates the potential utility of nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for a therapeutic application.</P>